输尿管镜技术在输尿管结石梗阻并顽固性肾绞痛的治疗效果分析

目的:探讨输尿管镜技术在输尿管结石梗阻并顽固性肾绞痛中的应用效果。方法:选择88例输尿管结石梗阻并顽固性肾绞痛患者作为研究对象,收治时间为2018年1月~2019年1月,根据治疗方法不同将患者分为对照组(体外冲击波碎石术,44例)与实验组(输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术,44例),比较两组患者治疗效果。结果:实验组患者首次碎石成功、肾绞痛缓解、残石排净发生率均高于对照组,术后疼痛评分低于对照组,P<0.05;两组患者手术时间比较无差异,P>0.05。结论:与体外冲击波碎石术比较,输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石梗阻并顽固性肾绞痛的效果更为理想,可有效缓解疼痛,提高残石排净率。     

输尿管镜技术治疗输尿管结石梗阻并顽固性肾绞痛的临床探讨

目的：探讨输尿管镜技术对输尿管结石梗阻并顽固性肾绞痛的疗效。方法选取580例输尿管结石梗阻并顽固性肾绞痛患者,对所有患者的治疗情况做回顾性分析。对照组（采用急诊体外冲击波碎石术治疗的280例）;观察组（采用急诊输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术、输尿管支架管置入术以及取石钳取石术治疗的患者300例）。探析比较急诊输尿管镜技术在输尿管结石梗阻并顽固性肾绞痛的临床应用效果。结果两组碎石成功率比较,观察组96.7%优于对照组的86.8%,差异存在统计学意义（P＜0.05）。观察组平均手术时间比较,观察组与对照组差异不存在统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论急诊输尿管技术在输尿管结石梗阻并顽固性肾绞痛治疗中应用效果显著,具有创伤较小、碎石成功率高、安全性较高等特点,值得临床推广。     

13例输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗急性肾后性肾功能衰竭报告

目的：探讨输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石致输尿管结石致肾功能方法和疗效。方法：对13例输尿管结石梗阻,致肾功能衰竭,均采用输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术,双J管置入术。结果：13例均解除梗阻,1例进镜失败,行肾造瘘术。肾功能恢复,开放手术取出结石。结论：输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术,是治疗输尿管结石肾后性肾功能衰竭有效、安全可靠的方法。     

输尿管镜气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石所致急性肾衰竭

目的 探讨输尿管镜气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石所致急性肾衰竭的疗效、安全性和可行性.方法 回顾性分析18例输尿管结石所致急性肾衰竭急诊行输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术患者的病历资料.结果 16例行输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术成功,并放置双“J”管内引流.2例失败者行经皮肾穿刺造瘘引流术引流尿液.4例术后有肉眼血尿,3例合并尿路感染,经止血、抗炎等治疗后治愈.随访3～6个月,无输尿管狭窄等并发症发生,肾积水消失.结论 输尿管结石所致急性肾衰竭急诊行输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术是安全可行、有效的方法.     

输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管下段结石的围手术期护理

目的：探讨经输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管下段结石的护理特点.方法：采用直接进镜法对26例输尿管下段结石患者进行经输尿管镜气压弹道碎石和取石治疗及护理.结果：26例患者经输尿管镜成功取出结石23例,成功率为88%;8例患者都出现不同程度的血尿,肾绞痛7例,均在保守治疗或留置双“J”管后缓解消失.结论：输尿管镜取石及气压弹道碎石术,是治疗输尿管下段结石的重要手段,术后留置输尿管导管或双“J”管,同时加强术中及术后并发症的预防及护理,可提高取石成功率,减少并发症的发生.     

腔内气压弹道碎石治疗双侧输尿管结石致急性肾后性肾衰(附32例报告)

目的探讨双侧输尿管结石致急性肾功能衰竭的治疗措施。方法回顾分析32例双侧输尿管结石致急性肾后性肾功能衰竭患者采用经输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗。结果30例患者碎石获成功,2例结石滑入肾内,待肾功能改善行体外碎石治疗后痊愈。无黏膜撕脱、输尿管穿孔等并发症。结论输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术是治疗双侧输尿管结石致急性肾后性肾功能衰竭比较理想和简单的治疗方法。     

气压弹道碎石术治疗妊娠合并输尿管结石26例报告

目的：探讨气压弹道碎石术治疗妊娠合并输尿管结石并发肾绞痛的疗效和安全性。方法：2006年7月-2008年12月,腰麻或硬麻下行经尿道输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗26例经保守治疗无效的妊娠合并输尿管结石患者。患者年龄20～38岁．平均28岁,孕周10～37周,平均27周。结石最大径4-13mm。结果：23例患者经尿道输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术成功．留置双J管2-4周后拔除,2例术后24小时出现宫缩或阴道少量流血,经对症处理好转．全部患者均顺利足月分娩,未出现严重产科并发症,产后均无需结石再处理。另3例因输尿管上段结石或无法进镜仅单置双J管。结论：对于保守治疗不能缓解的输尿管结石并发肾绞痛孕妇,经尿道输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石梗阻并发急性肾功能衰竭

目的探讨输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石梗阻并发急性肾功能衰竭的临床疗效。方法采用输尿管硬镜，在电视监视下，经尿道插入膀胱和输尿管，气压弹道碎石探杆将结石击碎。结果21例碎石均获成功，21例术后7d肾功能复查正常。结论输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石并发急性肾功能衰竭安全、有效。     

输尿管肾镜急诊处理老年梗阻性急性肾衰(附30例)

目的 探讨老年上尿路结石梗阻致急性肾衰的急诊处理方法。方法 应用输尿管肾镜气压弹道碎石术治疗老年上尿路结石致急性肾衰30例。结果 30例均急诊行输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术，其中2例2侧因入镜失败，行输尿管切开取石术。术后肾功能改善，血清肌酐下降。结论 输尿管肾镜气压弹道碎石术是急诊治疗老年人上尿路结石梗阻性急性肾衰较为理想的方法，具有高效、安全、微创、容易操作的特点。     

输尿管结石腔内治疗体会

目的探讨输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术腔内治疗输尿管结石的临床效果。方法收集我院输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石130例临床资料。结果本组患者一次碎石成功率为57.7%,总碎石成功率为88.5%,无严重并发症发生。结论输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术腔内治疗输尿管结石是一种高效、安全和多用途的泌尿系结石治疗手段。     

80例肾绞痛的药物治疗及疗效分析

目的：分析肾绞痛的患者的病因及观察肾绞痛患者的药物治疗疗效。方法：对2008年9月-2013年12月本院急诊外科的80例肾绞痛患者进行药物治疗,观察疗效情况。结果：肾绞痛患者97.5%系尿路结石引起,78例结石患者中,54例直径≤0.8 cm的患者肾绞痛症状明显缓解,平均药物治疗3-5 d后,肾积水解除,结石排出体外。结论：药物治疗结石直径≤0.8 cm的患者,方法简单,疗效可靠,值得推广。     

急诊输尿管镜碎石取石术治疗输尿管结石并肾绞痛

目的：探讨急诊输尿管镜碎石取石术治疗输尿管结石并肾绞痛的疗效。方法：选择2009年1月-2011年12月笔者所在医院收治的输尿管结石并肾绞痛患者144例,随机分成对照组和治疗组,每组各72例,治疗组采用急诊输尿管镜碎石取石术进行治疗,对照组采用药物治疗,观察和对比两组患者的碎石成功率及疗效。结果：治疗组成功率高于对照组,术后的疼痛感即刻缓解,无并发症发生,治疗组疗效优于对照组。结论：采用急诊输尿管镜碎石取石术对输尿管结石并肾绞痛进行治疗效果显著,操作简单,安全有效,值得在临床上实施与推广。     

间苯三酚联合氯诺昔康治疗急性肾绞痛的临床观察

目的观察间苯三酚联合氯诺昔康对急性肾绞痛的镇痛疗效。方法根据用药组成的不同,选择80例急性肾绞痛患者,随机分成两组,A组予氯诺昔康8mg静脉注射,继以间苯三酚120mg加入50g/L的葡萄糖注射液250mL中静脉滴注;B组则先用曲马多100mg肌注,继以山莨菪碱10mg加入50g/L的葡萄糖注射液250mL中静脉滴注,分别观察其30min内的镇痛效果及不良反应。结果治疗组与对照组相比,镇痛效果有显著差异且不良反应发生率也低,两者在统计学上有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论间苯三酚联合氯诺昔康治疗急性胆、肾绞痛具有起效快速、作用确切、副作用小、无成瘾性的特点,值得临床推广应用。     

How physicians choose drugs

A drug choice model which includes the physician's attitudes, norms and personal experiences with drugs, was tested. One hundred and sixty-nine physicians were asked to estimate the model's components for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and of renal colic. Given three drugs for both indications, the physicians gave their expectancies about the treatment outcomes, professional acceptability, patient demand and their personal experiences with the drugs. They also stated the value they assign to each of these components when choosing a drug for IBS and for renal colic. The influence of patient demand on the choice of a specific drug appeared to be negligible. The combined effect of the other three elements of the model predicted the stated drug of first choice correctly in 74% (for IBS) and 78% (for renal colic) of the cases, but further analysis showed that only the drug choices for renal colic were as reasoned as the model assumed. Expectancies and values about treatment outcomes determined the drug choice only in part. For choosing a drug for renal colic, the professional environment was more important. Moreover it was found that drug preferences were more related to expectancies about efficacy than to expectancies about side effects for both disorders. The findings can be useful when trying to change prescribing behaviour. Only a limited effect can be expected from the provision of technical drug information. Especially information about costs is unlikely to change prescribing easily, unless values and norms are changed as well. The importance of the professional environment implies that educational programmes in groups might be more effective than individual approaches.     

双柏散热敷加红外线照射对于缓解肾绞痛患者疼痛效果的观察及护理

目的探讨在临床中缓解肾绞痛患者疼痛有效快捷的方法。方法 80例肾绞痛患者,随机分为综合治疗组40例,单纯药物组40例,综合治疗组在单纯药物止痛的基础上予双柏散热敷加红外线照射。将治疗效果予以量化,比较两组止痛效果。结果两组的显效率、总有效率分别为：综合治疗组67.5%和92.5%;单纯药物组50%和75%,经χ2检验,P均〈0.05,表明两组病人的显效率和总有效率均有显著性差异,综合治疗组明显优于单纯药物止痛治疗。结论在肾绞痛的止痛治疗中,双柏散热敷外加红外线照射对于缓解肾绞痛明显优于单纯药物止痛。     

肾绞痛急诊治疗方法的前瞻性研究

目的 通过对几种急性肾绞痛治疗方法的效果进行对比分析,探讨急诊科治疗肾绞痛的首选方法.方法 选取急诊科340例肾绞痛患者,按就诊顺序随机分为4组:A(哌替啶)组;B(双氯芬酸钠)组;C(间苯三酚)组;D(双氯芬酸钠+间苯三酚)组.观察各组的平均起效时间及用药30min后的疗效.结果 哌替啶组、双氯芬酸钠+间苯三酚组、双氯芬酸钠组的平均起效时间分别为(9.53±3.34)min、(10.49±2.54) min、(10.51±2.27)min,均少于间苯三酚组(18.51±4.86) min,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);而前三者间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).4组的有效率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).复发率比较,间苯三酚组(11.43％)和双氯芬酸钠+间苯三酚组(9.00％)均低于哌替啶组(24.59％)和双氯芬酸钠组(23.75％).间苯三酚组无不良反应,双氯芬酸钠组和双氯芬酸钠+间苯三酚组的不良反应率(2.27％、2.78％)均低于哌替啶组(27.27％).结论 双氯芬酸钠+间苯三酚是目前值得推荐的肾绞痛治疗方法.     

Physical diagnosis--pain elicited by percussion in the kidney area

Percussion of the kidney as a diagnostic method was first described by John Benjamin Murphy (1857-1916). The test is rapidly elicited, but can cause severe pain. Considering acute pyelonephritis or acute renal colic, it is common practice to perform fist percussion of the kidney, yet its diagnostic value is unknown. Finnish study results in 1998 suggest that in acute renal colic loin tenderness and erythrocyturia are more significant signs than renal tenderness. There is no scientific evidence for determining renal tenderness in diagnosing urinary tract infections and urolithiasis.     

双J管在妊娠合并输尿管结石患者中的应用

目的：探讨放置双J管治疗妊娠合并输尿管结石的临床疗效和安全性。方法：回顾性分析解放军第11医院2009年6月—2013年12月行膀胱镜下置入双J管治疗的27例妊娠合并输尿管结石患者的临床资料。观察其疗效并记录不良事件发生情况。结果：27例手术均成功,无严重并发症出现。置入双J管后27例患者肾绞痛症状均缓解,患者均足月顺利分娩。分娩后复查7例患者结石自行排出,另20例患者行输尿管镜碎石术。随访6～60个月,无严重不良反应发生。结论：对于保守疗法无效的妊娠合并输尿管结石患者,膀胱镜下放置双J管是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

吗啡联合间苯三酚治疗急性肾绞痛的疗效观察

目的 探讨吗啡联合间苯三酚在急性肾绞痛治疗中的疗效.方法 将120例急性肾绞痛患者按随机数字表法分为A、B、C三组,每组40例.A组给予0.9%氯化钠100 ml+间苯三酚80 mg静脉滴注及吗啡9 mg分3次静脉推注,B组给予0.9%氯化钠100 ml+间苯三酚80 mg静脉滴注,C组给予0.9%氯化钠100 ml静脉滴注及吗啡9 mg分3次静脉推注.分别于给药后10、20、40min观察镇痛效果及其不良反应.结果 给药后20 min和40 min时,A组总有效率[82.5%(33/40)、95.0%(38/40)]明显高于B组[62.5%(25/40)、80.0%(32/40)]和C组[60.0%(24/40)、77.5%(31/40)](P＜0.05),疼痛缓解率也明显高于B组和C组(P＜0.05).A组在给药后20 min和加min时的总有效率和疼痛缓解率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).A组除1例患者出现恶心呕吐外,无疼痛加重及严重呼吸抑制等不良反应.结论 吗啡分次注射联用间苯三酚静脉滴注治疗急性肾绞痛具有起效快、效果显著、安全等优点.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of multiple injection of morphine combined with phloroglucinol in the treatment of renal colic. Methods One hundred and twenty patients with severe renal colic were equally divided into three groups by random digits table,with 40 cases each group. The group A was administrated with physiological saline 100 ml and phloroglucinol 80 mg intervenous drop infusion combined with morphine 9 mg intravenous injection fractionated into three times, and the group B was administrated with physiological saline 100 ml and phloroglucinol 80 mg intervenous drop infusion,and the group C was administrated with physiological saline 100 ml intervenous drop infusion and morphine 9 mg intravenous injection fractionated into three times. At 10,20 and 40 min after administration, the antalgic efficacy of three groups were analyzed as well as the side effect. Results At 20 min and 40 min both of the total efficacy rates in group A[82.5%(33/40),95.0%(38/40)] were higher than those in group B [62.5%(25/40),80.0%(32/40)] and group C [60.0%(24/40),77.5%(31/40)] (P＜ 0.05),and the colic-exclusion rate in group A was also higher than that in group B and group C (P ＜ 0.05). The difference of the efficacy rates in group A in these two time-points had no statistical significance (P ＞0.05). No increased pain occurred in group A except 1 case of vomiting. Conclusion Multiple injection of morphine combined with phloroglucinol is quick, effective and safe in the early treatment of renal colic.