C反应蛋白与冠心病病变程度相关的研究

目的 :探讨血浆 C反应蛋白 （CRP）与冠心病 （CHD）病变程度之间的关系。方法 :测定经选择性冠状动脉造影（CAG）证实为 CHD患者 （n=86 ）的血浆 CRP浓度 ,并与 CAG结果正常组 （n=80 ）的血浆 CRP浓度相比较 ,分析两组之间以及 CHD组中 ,冠状动脉 （冠脉 ）病变支数与相应 CRP浓度的关系。结果 :CRP浓度在对照组、稳定型心绞痛组、不稳定型心绞痛组依次增高 ,分别为 2 2 93± 198,5 12 6± 5 0 8和 12 96 9± 10 76 μg/ L。在 CHD组中 ,单支病变组、双支病变组以及三支病变组 ,其 CRP浓度也依次增高 ,分别为 5 131± 5 13,70 2 4± 6 89,11970± 2 0 75 μg/ L。结论 :CRP浓度与冠脉病变程度关联密切     

纤维蛋白原与冠心病类型、危险因素及病变的相关性

目的 :探讨血浆纤维蛋白原 （Fg）与冠心病类型、危险因素及病变程度的关系。方法 :应用 Clauss凝固法测定6 6 4例因胸痛而接受冠状动脉造影患者的血浆 Fg水平 ,并与其年龄、性别、血脂水平 ,有无高血压、糖尿病、吸烟、饮酒 ,以及冠心病类型、冠脉病变程度进行统计学分析。结果 :冠心病患者中有高血压者 Fg水平较无高血压者高 （4.3± 1.4 g/L vs 4 .0± 1.4 g/L ,P<0 .0 5 ）。经多元逐步回归分析发现 ,高血压是影响 Fg水平的独立因素 （P<0 .0 5 ）。Fg水平与年龄呈正相关 ,r=0 .110 （P<0 .0 5 ） ,经多元逐步回归分析 ,仍有意义 （P<0 .0 5 ）。急性冠脉综合征 （ACS）患者血浆 Fg水平高于非冠心病者 （4.4± 1.4 g/L vs 4 .0± 1.8g/L ,P<0 .0 5 ） ,同时亦高于稳定型心绞痛患者 （P<0 .0 5 ）。三支病变者血浆 Fg水平高于单支病变者 （4.3± 1.4 g/L vs 4 .0± 1.3g/L ,P<0 .0 5 ）。结论 :血浆 Fg水平与患者年龄、高血压密切相关 ,在 ACS患者明显升高 ,与病变程度密切相关     

血清脂蛋白（a）水平与冠状动脉狭窄及心绞痛类型的关系

目的 :探讨血清脂蛋白 （ a） [L p（ a） ]与冠状动脉狭窄程度及心绞痛类型的关系。方法 :将 91例冠脉造影患者按狭窄程度分组 ,比较各组血清 L p（ a） ,C反应蛋白及血脂指标等 ,并对其中 76例按心绞痛分 2组 ,也进行同样的比较 ,均进行统计学分析。结果 :血清 L p（ a）水平在冠脉明显狭窄以及多支血管病变患者显著升高 ,不稳定心绞痛患者的血清 L p（ a）水平也明显高于稳定型心绞痛患者 （ P<0 .0 1） ,L p（ a）异常率在冠脉造影阴性与冠脉造影阳性患者中有明显差异 ,不稳定型心绞痛患者的 L p（ a）异常率所占比例较稳定型患者高 （ 77% vs5 1% ,P<0 .0 1）。结论 :L p（ a）水平与冠脉狭窄程度和心绞痛类型明确相关     

冠心病C反应蛋白及甘油三酯/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值变化的研究

目的 :探讨冠心病 （CHD）病情程度与 C反应蛋白 （CRP）及甘油三酯 /高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 （TG/ HDL- C）比值的关系。方法 :测定 12 8例 CHD患者的血浆 CRP浓度、TG浓度、HDL- C浓度及 TG/ HDL- C比值 ,并与对照组（健康者 12 0例 ）相比较 ,分析 CRP及 TG/ HDL - C比值的临床意义。结果 :CRP浓度及 TG/ HDL - C比值在对照组、稳定型心绞痛组、不稳定型心绞痛组分别为 :2 2 93± 10 8μg/ L ,1.87± 0 .41;5 2 16± 32 8μg/ L ,3.2 6± 0 .81;13811±86 1μg/ L,3.6 6± 1.0 2 ;稳定型心绞痛组及不稳定型心绞痛组明显高于对照组 （分别为 P<0 .0 5、P<0 .0 1）。CHD组中 ,两指标在慢性充血性心力衰竭 I°组、 °组、 °组中分别为 :5 981± 391μg/ L,2 .0 2± 0 .39;11912± 90 8μg/ L,3.6 1± 0 .99;132 13± 989μg/ L ,4.82± 1.0 9;心力衰竭 °组、 °组明显高于心力衰竭 I°组 （P<0 .0 1）。同时 ,CRP浓度与 TG浓度呈正相关 （r=0 .5 4,P<0 .0 5 ） ;CRP浓度与 HDL - C浓度呈负相关 （r=- 0 .15 ,P<0 .0 1）。结论 :CRP及TG/ HDL- C比值在临床评价 CHD病情程度及预后方面具有一定的指导意义。 CRP与血脂之间存在着相关性。     

C-反应蛋白与冠状动脉病变程度的关系

目的探讨C反应蛋白(c-reactive protein,CRP)与冠状动脉(冠脉)病变程度的关系.方法根据冠脉造影结果,将66例临床诊断不稳定型心绞痛患者分为单支病变组、多支病变组和正常组.所有患者术前空腹采血测定血清CRP、肌钙蛋白T(Tn-T)及肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB).结果冠心病组CRP水平高于正常组[(4.38±2.92)mg/L与(2.08±1.55)mg/L,P＜0.01].多支病变组CRP水平显著高于单支病变组[(5.40±3.14)mg/L与(3.01±1.93)mg/L,P＜0.01],而Tn-T和CK-MB则无差异.结论CRP与冠心病,不稳定型心绞痛密切相关,且与冠脉病变有一定关系.     

冠心病患者激活蛋白-1和脂联素与冠状动脉病变的关系

目的: 探讨冠心病(CHD)患者外周血白细胞内激活蛋白-1(AP-1)和血浆脂联素浓度与CHD及冠状动脉粥样硬化病变的关系。方法: 冠状动脉造影患者142例,分为CHD组和对照组。CHD组根据临床类型分为稳定型心绞痛（SAP）和急性冠脉综合征（ACS）组;根据冠状动脉病变类型分为A,B和C型病变组;根据冠状动脉病变狭窄程度分为轻、中和重度病变组。用ELISA法测定外周血白细胞裂解液中磷酸化c-Jun吸光度（A）,反映活化AP-1数量;血浆脂联素浓度通过ELISA法测定。结果: CHD组磷酸化c-Jun明显高于对照组(1.43±0.33 vs 0.71±0.13, P<0.01),脂联素明显低于对照组［(6.1±1.8) mg/L vs (10.2±1.5) mg/L, P<0.01］;ACS组磷酸化c-Jun明显高于SAP组(1.56±0.28 vs 1.14±0.25, P<0.01) ,脂联素明显低于SAP组［(5.4±1.5) mg/L vs (7.6±1.7) mg/L, P<0.01］。随冠状动脉病变类型和病变程度的加重,磷酸化c-Jun逐渐升高,脂联素逐渐降低。脂联素浓度与冠脉Gensini评分呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论: 磷酸化c-Jun表达量增高和血浆脂联素浓度降低与CHD类型及冠脉病变情况显著相关。     

急性冠状动脉综合征患者血浆中妊娠相关蛋白酶-A及C反应蛋白的变化

目的　研究急性冠状动脉综合征 (ACS)患者血浆中妊娠相关蛋白酶 - A(PAPP- A)和超敏 C反应蛋白 (hs-CRP)的变化及两者之间关系。方法　 6 8例经冠状动脉造影证实的冠心病患者 ,其中 ACS4 3例 ,稳定型心绞痛(SAP) 2 5例 ,2 0例正常健康人为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附法 (EL ISA)检测其血浆中 PAPP- A,采用超敏免疫透射比浊法测定血浆 hs- CRP水平。结果　 1ACS患者血浆中 PAPP- A和 hs- CRP浓度均显著高于对照组 [PAPP- A :(17.9± 8.7) m IU / L vs (7.1± 4 .2 ) m IU / L ,P<0 .0 1;hs- CRP:(4.31± 0 .38) mg/ L vs (2 .0 1± 0 .14 ) mg/ L ,P<0 .0 1]。 2 ACS患者血浆中 PAPP- A和 hs- CRP均较 SAP组显著增高 [PAPP- A:(17.9± 8.7) m IU / L vs (8.5±5 .6 ) m IU/ L,P<0 .0 1;hs- CRP:(4.31± 0 .38) m g/ L vs(2 .13± 0 .2 8) mg/ L,P<0 .0 5 ]。 3SAP患者与正常对照组之间 PAPP- A与 hs- CRP均无显著性差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。 4直线相关分析发现 hs- CRP与 PAPP- A之间有显著性相关 (r=0 .6 8,P<0 .0 1)。结论　 PAPP- A与 hs- CRP在 ACS患者血浆中均显著增高 ,可作为 ACS患者的诊断敏感性指标之一 ,且 hs- CRP与 PAPP- A之间存在显著相关性。     

血浆氧化低密度脂蛋白水平是冠心病严重程度的独立预报因素

目的研究血浆氧化低密度脂蛋白（OxLDL）水平与冠心病严重程度的关系。方法134例怀疑为冠心病的住院患者,进行选择性冠状动脉造影。根据冠脉造影结果,将患者分为冠心病组（113例,至少有1支冠脉狭窄≥50%）和对照组（21例,所有冠脉分支狭窄均<50%）。冠心病组按照冠脉病变支数进一步分为4个亚组（1支病变26例,2支病变26例,3支病变53例,4支病变8例）;按照发病症状分为稳定型心绞痛组（51例）、不稳定型心绞痛组（22例）和急性心肌梗死组（40例）。血浆OxLDL水平采用ELISA试剂盒检测。其他冠心病危险因素如年龄、性别、体质量指数、血脂等数据也一并收集。结果在冠心病组和对照组之间,除了高血压病史有显著升高外（46%vs19%,P<0.05）,其他指标没有显著差别。冠心病患者血浆OxLDL水平显著高于对照组（1.15±0.32）μkat/m lvs（0.68±0.30）μkat/m l,P<0.01)。14支病变冠心病患者,其血浆OxLDL含量均显著高于对照组（1.10±0.32）μkat/m l、（1.12±0.27）μkat/m l、（1.17±0.32）μkat/m l和（1.33±0.37）μkat/m lvs（0.68±0.30）μkat/m l,P<0.01);但不同支数病变患者亚组间无显著性差异。稳定型心绞痛、不稳定型心绞痛和急性心肌梗死患者血浆OxLDL含量均显著高于对照组（1.13±0.30）μkat/m l,（1.23±0.33）μkat/m l和（1.15±0.32）μkat/m lvs（0.68±0.30）μkat/m l,P<0.01);但是各分组之间无显著性差异。以血浆OxLDL水平为因变量进行多元回归分析,发现冠脉病变支数是血浆OxLDL水平升高的独立危险因素（P<0.01）。结论血浆OxLDL水平是冠心病严重程度独立预报因素。     

同型半胱氨酸与冠脉病变程度及斑块的关系

目的探讨血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hey）水平与冠状动脉病变程度及斑块稳定性的关系。方法对200例可疑冠心病患者行冠状动脉造影,根据冠状动脉造影结果分为冠状动脉造影正常的对照组（54例）和冠心病组（146例）;冠心病组根据临床类型分为急性冠状动脉综合征组（ACS组,115例）和稳定型心绞痛组（SAP组,31例）。以Gensini积分评价动脉粥样硬化病变程度,以临床类型评价斑块稳定性。检查所有患者血浆Hcy、高敏C-反应蛋白（hs—CRP）等指标,分析Hey、hs—CRP与Gensini积分、斑块稳定性的关系。结果ACS组和SAP组Hcy水平均显著高于对照组[（28．8±6．5）mol／L比（10．2±4．1）mol／L,（16．3±5．7）mol／L比（10．2±4．1）mol／L,P均〈0．05],而且随着冠状动脉病变Gensini积分的增加而逐渐升高;ACS组Hey水平较SAP组高（P〈0．05）。结论冠心病患者血浆同型半胱氨酸水平与冠状动脉粥样硬化病变程度明显相关,且与斑块稳定性呈正相关。     

C反应蛋白与冠心病病变程度的相关性

目的研究C反应蛋白（CRP）与冠心病病变程度的关系。方法测定经冠状动脉造影确诊的98例冠心病患者血浆CRP浓度。98例患者被分为3组:稳定型心绞痛组（n=32）、不稳定型心绞痛组（n=46）和急性心肌梗死组（n=20）;又根据血管病变程度分为单支血管病变组（n=56）及多支血管病变组（n=42）;同时以冠状动脉造影排除冠心病的23例患者作为对照组,比较各组间血浆CRP浓度。结果冠心病患者各组CRP浓度均较正常对照组增高（P<0.05）。在冠心病各亚组中,不稳定型心绞痛组血浆CRP浓度高于稳定型心绞痛组,而急性心肌梗死组CRP浓度分别高于稳定型心绞痛和不稳定型心绞痛组（P<0.01）。多支血管病变组CRP含量更显著高于单支血管病变组（P<0.01）。结论血浆CRP浓度与冠心病病变程度有密切关系。     

Provisional T-stenting and kissing balloon in the treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions: results of the French multicenter "TULIPE" study.

BACKGROUND: In previous prospective studies, a strategy of (a) stenting of the main branch, (b) provisional T-stenting of the side branch, and (c) final kissing balloon inflation, was associated with high success and low target lesion revascularization (TLR) rates on the long-term. OBJECTIVES: To examine the performance of this strategy in a multicenter study. METHODS: Consecutive patients were treated at 14 French medical centers for de novo coronary bifurcation lesions with the same technique used. Immediate results and clinically-driven TLR at 7 months were examined. RESULTS: The mean reference diameters of the main and side branches were 3.2 +/- 0.6 mm and 2.4 +/- 0.5 mm, respectively. The side branch was stented in 34% of patients. A <30% residual stenosis in the main branch was achieved in 99%, <50% in the side branch in 90%, and both in 89% of procedures. The in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular event were a Q-wave and 5 non-Qwaves MI (0.54% and 2.7%). At 7 months of follow-up, 3 patients (1.76%) had died, 1 suffered a non-Q-wave MI (0.59%), and 28 (15.88%) underwent TLR. By multivariate analysis, a lower left ventricular ejection fraction (OR: 0.934), moderate calcifications (OR: 7.86), and non-use of the "jailed" wire technique (OR: 4.26) were associated with reinterventions during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: A strategy of provisional T-stenting with a tubular stent and final kissing balloon angioplasty for the treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions was safe and associated with a low TLR rate at 7 months. This strategy should be applicable to the new era of drug eluting stents.     

Grading the angiographic extent of collateral filling

Angiography frequently demonstrates a collateral circulation in severe coronary artery disease. An easily applicable method to quantify collateral flow might be a useful adjunct for the assessment of the hemodynamic effects of coronary artery disease. The purpose of this study was to validate a visual scaling of the extent of angiographic collateral filling by comparison with flowmeter- and microsphere-derived measurements of collateral flow. In 12 open-chest dogs, collaterals from the circumflex artery were angiographically visualized (n = 80) by creating acute critical left anterior descending artery occlusion. The extent of collateral filling was graded in four levels from 0 = no visible filling to 3 = complete epicardial filling. Collateral filling correlated with the change in flow of the collateral supplying circumflex artery (Q; r = 0.84) which was + 5.3 ±4.6% with grade 1, + 9.1 ±3.5% with grade 2 and + 14.6 ±4.7% with grade 3 (p < 0.01). In parallel, coronary flow reserve decreased from 4.1 ±0.8 with grade 0 to 2.9 ±0.2 with grade 3 (p < 0.01). Colored microspheres were injected subselectively into the circumflex artery of 9 dogs (45 injections). The ratio of microspheres counted in the collateralized myocardium of the left anterior descending artery to the total number injected increased from 0.6 ±0.9% for grade 0 to 17.1 ±2.8% with grade 3 (p < 0.01). Absolute collateral flow derived from microsphere counts averaged 5.5 ±0.9 ml/min with grade 3 and closely correlated with collateral filling grade (r = 0.88). Semiquantitative grading of angiographic collateral filling in response to acute coronary occlusion in a canine model correlates with an increase in collateral source artery flow, absolute collateral flow and a decrease in source artery flow reserve. These data suggest that this scale might be a simple but useful adjunct tool to assess the hemodynamic significance of a collateral circulation.This work was supported by a grant from the NLHBI 1 R01 HL40865. Dr. Schuhlen is the recipient of a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (#Schu657/1-1 and 1–2).     

Embolization complicating coronary angioplasty in the presence of an intracoronary thrombus

Two cases of coronary occlusion and subsequent embolization during percutaneous coronary angioplasty (PTCA) are described. Prior to PTCA, angiographic evidence of intracoronary thrombus was present. Abrupt reclosure after dilation was treated by successful redilation. However, coronary embolization of thrombus debris occurred downstream in one patient and into an adjacent coronary branch in the second patient.     

非罪犯冠脉斑块研究的进展

加强冠心病的二级预防是目前防控急性冠脉综合征（ACS）的重要手段。本文对ACS与非罪犯冠脉斑块的关系作了综述。     

LAD-right ventricular fistula complicating PTCA: Another case

Coronary perforation caused by percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) occurs rarely and most often leads to communication to the pericardial space. We report a case where PTCA caused a coronary artery rupture and fistulization to the right ventricular outflow tract. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 42:34–36, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Treatment of ruptured coronary aneurysm with a novel covered stent

Coronary artery aneurysms are relatively rare but have been diagnosed with increasing frequency since the advent of coronary arteriography. Their reported incidence varies from 1.5% to 5% with male dominance and a predilection for the right coronary artery (RCA), accounting for over 40% of all cases. The most common etiology amongst adults remains atherosclerosis accounting for 50% of coronary aneurysms. We describe the first use of a novel flexible pericardium covered stent for successful treatment of a ruptured coronary aneurysm in 76 year old lady. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Techniques for palmaz-schatz stent deployment in lesions with a large side branch

Palmaz-Schatz coronary stent implantation in lesions with a large side branch are reported. The first case describes how to manage plaque shifting after stent implantation. The second and third cases demonstrate a kissing balloon predilatation and stent dilatation technique of a bifurcational lesion. The final case demonstrates a stent implantation technique through the stent struts of a previously deployed stent.     

Is short-stay coronary angioplasty safe?

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is usually performed as an inpatient procedure and the patients are monitored for several days afterward. Over a 13-month period, in 91 of 373 PTCA procedures, the clinical condition of the patient did not necessitate inpatient status before PTCA. PTCA was done the day of admission and discharge planned the following. Overall hospital stay was planned as less than 24 hours. PTCA was done in one vessel in 62 patients, two vessels in 24, three vessels in 3, and four vessels in 2 patients. PTCA was initially successful (less than 50% residual stenosis) in 85 patients (93%). In one of these, acute occlusion occurred the next morning and urgent bypass surgery was done. PTCA failed in 6 patients who left the catheterization laboratory with unchanged coronary anatomy. Bypass surgery was performed that day in 2 patients, on another admission in 1 patient, and medical therapy continued in the other 3 patients. Of the 88 patients not receiving same admission bypass surgery, 84 (95%) were discharged in less than 24 h. Hospitalization was prolonged (1-5 days) in 4 patients. This was because of nonobstructive dissection treated with heparin for approximately 24 h in 2 patients; a catheterization site hematoma in 1 patient, and post-PTCA noncardiac chest pain in another. No patient had inhospital myocardial infarction or death. The only late complication was in a patient treated with heparin and monitored for 2 days; 3 weeks later angina returned and he died suddenly. These data suggest PTCA can safely be done in selected patients with both single and multivessel disease in a short stay inhospital setting.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Angiographic demonstration of coronary sinus thrombosis: A potential consequence of trauma to the coronary sinus

Abnormalities of the coronary sinus are rarely encountered. A case is presented demonstrating for the first time the angiographic appearance of coronary sinus thrombosis. This may have been the result of surgical trauma during mitral valve replacement or inadvertent cannulation of the coronary sinus during right heart catheterization or pacemaker insertion. Although the clinical significance of coronary sinus thrombosis is uncertain, obstruction of coronary sinus blood flow should not be deleterious because of multiple anastomoses between the coronary sinus system and the anterior cardiac veins. Difficulty in cannulating the coronary sinus for physiologic studies should suggest the possibility of coronary sinus thrombosis, especially in patients who have undergone mitral valve replacement. This may be confirmed by observing the venous phase of selective left coronary arteriography. Finally, coronary sinus thrombosis may be important as a source of pulmonary emboli. The prevalence of this serious complication requires further study.     

Coronary arteriovenous-arterial fistula

A case of multiple arteriovenous fistulae is described in an adult with coronary artery disease. One of these fistulae drained into the anterior interventricular vein, which in turn communicated with and perfused an obstructed left anterior descending coronary artery.