剖宫产指征及剖宫产率变化分析

目的分析2001年1月—2006年12月剖宫产指征及剖宫产率的变化,探讨剖宫产指征,寻找降低剖宫产率的措施。方法对6年2095例剖宫产病例进行回顾性分析。结果剖宫产指征各因素所占比例发生变化,社会因素呈逐年上升趋势,2001年为9.04%,2006年为21.02%;剖宫产率呈逐年上升,2001年39.24%,2006年50.18%,严格掌握剖宫产指征,加强助产技术培训,提高产科质量,加强孕产妇围产保健和健康教育,开展导乐分娩,可以在一定程度上降低剖宫产率。     

剖宫产术后再次妊娠分娩方式的选择分析

目的:探讨剖宫产术后再次妊娠分娩方式的选择。方法:研究选择的对象共200例,均为剖宫产术后再次妊娠者,分为经阴道分娩50例(A组),再次剖宫产150例(B组)。随机抽取同期收治的非瘢痕子宫阴道分娩50例(C组),与首次剖宫产分娩150(D组)。将A组与C组对照,B组与D组对照。并对比A组、B组分娩结局。结果:200例患者中,试产成功率为72.5%;直接行剖宫产术占65.5%。A组与B组比较,产后出血量、平均住院费用、平均住院时间均呈较低水平,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。B组和D组比较,产后出血量、平均住院费用、平均住院时间均呈较高水平,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组与C组比较,产后出血量、住院费用、平均住院时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:剖宫产术后再次妊娠分娩方式选择中,直接剖宫产并非绝对指征,分析患者特点,与试产条件符合者,可规范操作,在严密监护下实施阴道试产,以降低剖宫产率,避免远期并发症,提高分娩质量。     

剖宫产率与不合理剖宫产

目的 :分析剖宫产指征 ,探讨不合理剖宫产与剖宫产率的关系。方法 :采用横断面研究的方法 ,分析北京大学两家附属医院 1998年的剖宫产指征 ,比较剖宫产率不同的两家医院不合理剖宫产情况。结果 :剖宫产率、不合理剖宫产率、单纯医生因素的不合理剖宫产率在两家医院间差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而围产儿死亡率、孕妇要求的不合理剖宫产率两院间差异无显著性 (P =0 .6 48与P =0 .40 3)。结论 :不合理剖宫产是造成高剖宫产率的重要原因     

Increasing cesarean section rates in very low-birth weight infants. Effect on outcome

Examination of a linked birth and death certificate file from Missouri revealed a remarkable increase in the use of cesarean section for very low-birth weight infants (500 to 1499 g) from 24% to 44% in the years 1980 to 1984. In the same years the rate for 1500- to 2499-g infants went from 21% to 26% and the rate for 2500- to 7000-g infants went from 14% to 18%. We studied first-day death rates in very low-birth weight infants as an indicator of potential benefit from this increase in cesarean sections. During the 5-year period first-day deaths averaged 10% and 22% in the cesarean and vaginal birth groups, respectively. This difference was explained almost entirely by deaths in the 500- to 740-g birth weight group, where the death rates were 33% and 59%, respectively. Although this difference remained statistically significant after adjustment for gestational age and other factors that differed between the groups, it was nullified by an excess of deaths in the succeeding 6 days of life. Overall, the odds of death in the first week in these infants weighing 500 to 749 g was 0.85 (95% confidence interval, 0.52 to 1.39) in the cesarean vs vaginal deliveries. We conclude that there is little evidence that the use of cesarean section for the delivery of very low-birth weight infants, independent of maternal or fetal compromise, improves overall survival. We were unable to find reasons to justify the sharp increase in the use of cesarean sections for these small infants.     

Anesthesia for cesarean section in pregnancies complicated by placenta previa

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the factors affecting the choice of anesthetic technique for cesarean section in women with placenta previa. METHODS: In this retrospective study, the records of the Labor Ward Theatre of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria were examined from January 2000 to December 2004 to identify all the women who had cesarean section for placenta previa. The patients' socio-demographic characteristics, type of placenta previa, anesthetic technique, estimated blood loss, maternal and fetal outcomes were recorded. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-six patients had cesarean section for placenta previa, however, only 81 patients (64.3%) were available for analysis. General anesthesia was administered to 52/81 patients (64.2%), and 29/81 patients (35.8%) received spinal anesthesia. A history of antepartum bleeding was recorded in 61.7% (n =50). Of the 31 patients without antepartum hemorrhage (APH), 15/31 had general anesthesia, and 16/31 had spinal anesthesia. The patients who had APH, 37/50 had general anesthesia, and 13/50 had spinal anesthesia. There was an increased chance of using general anesthesia if APH were present (p=0.03, odds ratio = 3.1, 95% confidence interval = 1.2-7.8). CONCLUSION: Spinal anesthesia may be useful in patients with placenta previa. The presence of APH may encourage the use of general anesthesia for cesarean delivery.     

改良新式剖宫产术对孕妇再次剖宫产术的临床影响

目的探讨首次剖宫产选择改良新式剖宫产术产妇再次行剖宫产术的影响。方法需行再次剖宫产的孕妇122被按初次剖宫产术式分为观察组与对照组各61例,对照组具新式剖宫产术史,观察组具改良新式剖宫产术史。两组均按原术式再次进行剖宫产术,观察并记录两组孕妇行再次剖宫产的各项临床指标。结果观察组的进腹时间、总手术时间及肛门排气时间均短于对照组,术中出血量也少于对照组,术后感染率也低于对照组,组间差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,而观察组的手术疤痕宽度与对照组比较,组间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;两组腹腔总粘连率分别为68.8%和82.0%,观察组总粘连率明显低于对照组,无粘连和轻度粘连率明显高于对照组,而中、重度粘连率却明显低于对照组,组间差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论改良新式剖宫产较新式剖宫产术对再次剖宫产术的影响小,可作为首次剖宫产术式的首选术式。     

艾司氯胺酮复合顺阿曲库铵麻醉诱导在急诊剖宫产中的效果观察

目的 观察艾司氯胺酮复合顺阿曲库铵麻醉诱导在急诊剖宫产中的效果,探讨一种安全、有效的麻醉方法,为临床提供参考。方法 将2020年1—12月衢州市人民医院收治的120例急诊剖宫产产妇按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各60例,对照组采用瑞芬太尼复合顺阿曲库铵麻醉诱导,观察组采用艾司氯胺酮复合顺阿曲库铵麻醉诱导。比较2组的生命体征、产后疼痛评分、新生儿情况、抑郁评分及不良反应。结果 2组产妇心率及平均动脉压比较差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);2组切皮时、取出胎儿时的心率及平均动脉压均高于麻醉前(均P<0.05);观察组术毕时的心率低于对照组(P<0.05),切皮时、取出胎儿时、术毕时的平均动脉压均低于对照组(均P<0.05)。2组疼痛评分比较差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);2组产后6、12、24、48 h疼痛评分均高于产后2 h(均P<0.05);观察组产后2、6、12、24、48 h疼痛评分均低于对照组(均P<0.05)。观察组新生儿脐带血pH、Apgar评分均高于对照组(均P<0.05)。观察组产后6周爱丁堡产后抑郁量表评分低于对...     

Recent trends in cesarean section rates in Ontario.

After increasing steadily for 15 years the cesarean section rate in Ontario stabilized at 20.2 per 100 deliveries in the fiscal years 1986-87 and 1987-88. An important factor in the stabilization was a decrease in the rate of repeat section. The diagnosis and management of dystocia and fetal distress continue to put upward pressure on the cesarean section rate, which is higher than would be expected if recent practice guidelines had been fully implemented. There is a need for further research into the appropriate management of labour and delivery and into more targeted techniques for bringing practice into line with appropriate standards of care.     

Alternative strategies for controlling rising cesarean section rates

Cesarean section rates in the United States have increased from 5.5% in 1970 to 24.4% in 1987. This dramatic increase has generated considerable concern, leading to a variety of proposals to control rising use of cesarean section. Six strategies have been adopted or proposed to reduce cesarean section use: (1) education and peer evaluation, (2) external review, (3) public dissemination of cesarean section rates, (4) changes in physician payment, (5) changes in hospital payment, and (6) medical malpractice reform. These strategies differ in their specific assumptions regarding the process of clinical decision making, implications for physician autonomy, and methods of implementation. Educational efforts have been the most widely promoted. Of these, formal programs aimed at modifying practices within individual hospitals appear to be the most successful. However, insufficient research has been conducted to compare conclusively the impact and feasibility of these six strategies, pointing to the need for further study.     

心理干预对57例剖宫产患者的影响

目的:探讨心理护理干预对剖宫产患者术前、术后不良情绪以及术后疼痛的影响。方法:选择我院2007年8月～2009年8月行剖宫产患者110例随机分为观察组和对照组两组。对照组实施常规剖宫产护理,观察组在对照组护理基础上实施术前、术中、术后心理护理干预。采用焦虑自评量表和抑郁自评量表对两组患者术前、术后进行焦虑和抑郁程度评定并对两组患者术后疼痛进行评价。结果:观察组术后焦虑、抑郁评分明显低于对照组(P<0.05),观察组患者3级疼痛发生率与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:心理护理干预可以显著缓解剖宫产患者的焦虑抑郁等不良情绪,缓解患者术后疼痛。     

剖宫产率上升及剖宫产指征变化的临床分析

目的:分析剖宫产手术指征及剖宫产率变化,探讨降低剖宫产率的措施。方法:对我院实施剖宫产手术的1999年度282例与2009年度783例的剖宫产指征进行对比分析。结果:1999年剖宫产率为16.6%(282/1 696),2009年剖宫产率为47.3%(783/1 654),二者差异具有显著性(χ2=364.23,P<0.005)。1999年剖宫产指征前三位依次为头盆因素及产程异常、产妇因素和胎位异常,而2009年相应为社会因素、产妇因素和头盆因素及产程异常。结论:社会因素已转变为剖宫产率升高的主要因素。提高产前诊断水平、加强医患沟通和加大产前宣教力度是降低剖宫产率的主要措施。     

Stark术式对再次剖宫产的影响

目的探讨首次剖宫产选择stark术式术后的腹壁与腹腔粘连情况及对再次剖宫产的影响。方法将180例再次剖宫产病例纳入研究,按初次剖宫产术式分为观察组和对照组,每组90例。即对照组行传统子宫下段剖宫产术,观察组行新式剖宫产（即stark式剖宫产）。比较再次剖宫产的术中出血量、开腹时间、手术时间,重度粘连比率,术后24h肛门排气率及术后病率。结果观察组的开腹时间、术中出血量、重度粘连比率及术后病率均高于对照组,而术后24h肛门排气率低于对照组,组间比较有显著性差异（P〈0.05）;手术时间组间比较没有显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论 Stark式剖宫产后腹壁、腹腔粘连情况较传统子宫下段剖宫产术严重,再次剖宫产易引起出血多、恢复时间长等不利因素,首次剖宫产要慎重选择手术方式。     

第二产程急诊剖宫产子宫下段切口的入路选择

①目的 评价分析第二产程急诊剖宫产子宫下段"U"形切口的入路选择.②方法 随机选取93例第二产程急诊剖宫产.采用子宫下段"U"形切口的娩头入路.③结果 屈肘上托力明显大于屈指上托力(P＜0.001)和屈腕上托力(P＜0.01);采用屈肘上托力娩头平均耗时为(33.62±1.43)秒,而屈指上托力及屈腕上托力分别耗时(65.81±7.43)秒和(48.31±5.12)秒,明显高于屈肘上托力(P＜0.001).同时前者比后两者娩头成功率明显提高(100%,60%,38.71%).④结论 第二产程急诊剖宫产子宫下段"U"形切口采用屈肘上托力娩头为最佳娩头方法.