Asthma caused by bromelin inhalation

Two cases are reported of bronchial asthma caused by inhalation of bromelin, a proteolytic enzyme utilized in some anti-inflammatory medicine. Prick test results with bromelin extract were positive. Inhalation tests gave immediate reactions which were blocked by sodium cromoglycate, but not corticosteroids.     

Carboxyhemoglobinemia caused by inhalation of methylene chloride

Spray-paint inhalation, once a common and inexpensive source of drug abuse, is now rare. Newer organic solvents, such as methylene chloride, were thought to decrease the toxicity of aerosol solvents, but they carry unique toxicities of their own. Methylene chloride toxicity is difficult to diagnose, as early symptoms are similar to those associated with many intoxicants; however, a rising carboxyhemoglobin level, despite removal of the patient from the source of exposure, is pathognomonic. In dealing with industrial exposures or organic aerosol abuse, a carboxyhemoglobin level should be part of the initial diagnostic workup, and treatment with oxygen is mandatory until toxicity resolves.     

Thrombocytopenia and anemia caused by a persistent high linezolid concentration in patients with renal dysfunction

It has been proposed that it is not necessary to adjust the dose of linezolid (LZD) in patients with reduced renal function. However, significantly lower platelet counts and hemoglobin levels have been reported in such patients compared to those in patients with normal renal function. This suggests that the appropriate dose and administration method for LZD are yet to be established in patients with renal dysfunction. The subjects in this study were patients with renal dysfunction who developed adverse effects of thrombocytopenia and anemia during treatment with LZD. We investigated the association of these adverse effects with the blood LZD concentration and the area under the concentration–time curve from zero to 24 h (AUC_0–24), determined using a one-compartment Bayesian model (n = 20). The measured blood LZD concentration was significantly higher than the predicted concentration in a population pharmacokinetics approach (p < 0.01), and severe thrombocytopenia developed as the blood LZD concentration increased. The platelet count and hemoglobin level decreased as the AUC_0–24 of LZD increased in patients with renal dysfunction, and the correlations were significant: r = 0.593 and r = 0.783, respectively (p < 0.01). These findings suggest that LZD administered to patients with renal dysfunction may reach a high blood level and subsequently increase the AUC_0–24, which may then induce adverse effects of severe thrombocytopenia and anemia.     

高频振荡通气结合低浓度一氧化氮吸入对急性缺氧大鼠肺动脉高压的作用

目的：观察高频振荡通气（ＨＦＯ）联合低浓度一氧化氮（ＮＯ）吸入对急性缺氧大鼠肺动脉高压的治疗作用。方法：在ＨＦＯ下,经气管插管给大鼠１２％氧３０分钟制成急性缺氧肺动脉高压模型,行肺泡再充气,吸入低浓度ＮＯ（１０、５、２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）对模型动物进行治疗,测定血流动力参数和血气值。结果：２～１０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＮＯ吸入均可逆转急性缺氧大鼠肺动脉压（ＰＡＰ）,收缩压（ｓＰＡＰ）从４．４４～４．５３ｋＰａ（     

Liver damage caused by HIV infection

Hepatic status was studied in 7 HIV-infected patients at the stage of generalized lymphadenopathy. Intravital needle biopsy obtained from the livers characterizes the latter as enlarged, showing signs of protein-synthesis dysfunction, morphological evidence of mild cytolysis, cholestasis, moderate mesenchymal-inflammatory syndrome. The study of autopsy specimens obtained from hepatic tissue of the woman who had died of AIDS disclosed more advanced lesions: hepatocytes dystrophy, intralobular and periportal infiltration. The conclusion is made on the necessity of liver function examination entailing due therapeutic measures when following up patients with HIV infection and AIDS.     

高温高湿环境对犬脑组织的损害作用

目的:观察犬暴露在高温高湿环境下,其生命指标变化及其热衰竭死亡后脑组织病理学改变特点。方法:选用市售杂种犬11只,分为常温对照组犤温度(22.20±1.30)℃,相对湿度<60%犦6只和高温高湿暴晒组犤温度(58.20±6.90)℃,相对湿度39%～52%,辐射热强度≥4.184J/(cm2·min)犦5只,观察两组动物实验前30min和实验后2h体温、呼吸和心率变化,及抽血行血气分析检测,并收集脑组织标本进行组织病理学检查。结果:两组比较,晒前30min两者差异无显著性意义,晒后1h高温高湿暴晒组动物体温升高10.18℃左右(t=-14.35,P=0.00)呼吸频率增加116.60次/min(t=-8.11,P=0.00)呈显著增高,二氧化碳分压、碳酸氢根离子、血浆二氧化碳总量明显降低(P皆<0.05),而氧分压、剩余碱、动脉血氧饱和度及pH值变化无显著性意义(P>0.05),其平均生存时间为74min,死亡后脑组织细胞结构疏松、神经元明显减少,伴有脑组织内斑片状出血。结论:高温高湿环境对犬脑组织有明显损害作用。     

山莨菪碱雾化吸入对油酸诱导大鼠急性肺损伤的保护作用及其机制

急性肺损伤/急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ALI/ARDS) 是指由心源性以外的各种肺内外致病因素导致的急性、进行性、缺氧性呼吸衰竭.ARDS晚期多诱发或合并多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS),甚至多系统器官功能衰竭(MSOF),是外科危重患者常见的致命并发症之一.     

Myocardial damage after inhalation of chloramines.

The objective of this case report was to document a rare case of myocardial damage, in the context of an accidental inhalation of chloramines, demonstrated by electrocardiogram and myocardium-specific enzymes.     

结核性长期不愈伤口治疗方法探讨

目的 探讨结核性长期不愈伤口的治疗方法。方法 回顾分析浅表淋巴结结核脓肿破溃后长期不愈伤口两种换药方法与彻底清除病灶的疗效。随机将换药患者分为抗结核药物(HRZ溶液)换药组、活力碘换药组各30例,清除病灶组40例。结果 使用HRZ溶液换药组与活力碘换药组,伤口愈合时间、复发率无明显差异,但时间较长; 彻底清除病灶组愈合时间明显缩短、愈合率高。结论 结核性伤口治愈的关键是彻底清除病灶及全身抗结核治疗,术后处理与普通伤口无区别。     

A case of drug-induced organizing pneumonia caused by amikacin liposome inhalation suspension

Inhaled liposomal antimicrobials are known to cause hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Amikacin liposome inhalation suspension (ALIS) is a promising novel antimicrobial agent against refractory Mycobacterium avium complex infections. The frequency of drug-induced lung injury caused by ALIS is relatively high. To date, no reports of ALIS-induced organizing pneumonia diagnosed by bronchoscopy are available.We report a case of a 74-year-old female patient presenting with non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD). She was treated with ALIS for refractory NTM-PD. Fifty-nine days after starting ALIS, the patient developed a cough, and her chest radiographs indicated deterioration. She was diagnosed with organizing pneumonia based on pathological findings of the lung tissues obtained by bronchoscopy. After switching from ALIS to amikacin infusion, her organizing pneumonia improved. It is difficult to distinguish between organizing pneumonia and an exacerbation of NTM-PD based on chest radiography alone. Therefore, it is essential to perform an active bronchoscopy for diagnosis.     

1746例被犬致伤因素流行病学分析

目的　了解犬致伤人群的流行病学特点。方法　对浙江省嘉兴市秀洲区疾病预防控制中心犬伤门诊2006年7月至2007年6月就诊的资料进行汇总和统计分析。结果　致伤犬品种有34种,民间杂交家养犬是致伤的主要犬品种,致伤以夏秋季多于冬春季,男性致伤多于女性,下肢致伤居多,上肢次之,非公共场所致伤数是公共场所的2.75倍,致伤因素可归纳为4类,有23种不同的致伤方式。结论　狂犬病的预防应加强犬致伤因素及其防制的宣传,使人们远离致伤因素是控制狂犬病发生的有效措施之一。     

洁悠神用于放射性皮肤损伤的疗效观察

目的观察洁悠神对放射性皮肤损伤的预防和控制效果。方法将86例接受放疗过程出现急性放射性皮肤损伤的鼻咽癌患者随机分成2组。观察组40例使用洁悠神治疗,对照组46例只作常规的宣教以及皮肤护理。结果观察组2级以上皮肤反应发生率及程度明显低于对照组,两组差别有统计学意义。结论洁悠神能降低放射性皮肤损伤的发病率,促进放射性皮肤损伤的愈合,保证放射治疗的顺利进行。