锂盐对大鼠拔牙创愈合的影响

目的:观察锂盐对大鼠拔牙创愈合过程中新骨形成的影响。方法:取20只Wistar大鼠,拔除左侧上颌第二磨牙,随机分为2组。实验组从拔牙前7d起至拔牙后第3天每天腹腔注射LiCl,对照组给予相同剂量NaCl。拔牙后3d、7d处死大鼠。通过HE染色定量分析新骨的形成,BrdU标记增殖细胞。采用Image-Pro Plus生物图像分析系统对增殖细胞及新骨量作半定量分析,应用SPSS 13.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果:拔牙后3d,拔牙创内间充质细胞增殖,实验组细胞增殖明显,BrdU阳性细胞数为对照组的1.8倍,两者有显著差异(P<0.05)。拔牙后7d,拔牙创底部新生骨小梁生成,相对新骨量实验组为27.0%±6.5%,对照组为12.7%±5.1%,实验组与对照组有显著差异(P<0.01)。结论:在大鼠拔牙创愈合中,前期给予锂盐可促进间充质细胞增殖,使新骨形成增加。     

͸����������������ؽ����˵���Ч�۲�

因下颌骨特殊的解剖结构关系,颞下颌关节极易在颌面部外伤、牙合创伤、医源性损伤后造成损伤。本研究采用透明质酸钠对颞下颌关节损伤的患者进行关节腔内注射治疗,取得了良好的临床疗效。现报道如下。     

Enhanced osteogenic healing process of rat tooth sockets using a novel simvastatin-loaded injectable microsphere-hydrogel system

PurposeTo evaluate the effects of simvastatin in a new injectable microsphere hydrogel system on bone healing process of tooth sockets.Materials and methodsSimvastatin was loaded in poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres using an emulsion process, and the drug-loaded PLGA microspheres were further entrapped in a gelatin hydrogel to form an injectable microsphere-hydrogel system. Simvastatin-free hydrogel and blank microspheres hydrogel were used as controls. A rat tooth extraction socket model was generated, and the simvastatin-loaded microsphere-hydrogel composite was injected in the defect area of a tooth socket. At 1, 2, 5, and 8 weeks after the surgery, all the animals were sacrificed and the mandibles were harvested. The samples were examined using X-ray, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and histological evaluations.ResultsFive weeks after the surgery, significantly more bone tissue was formed in the simvastatin-loaded hydrogel group than in the simvastatin-free hydrogel group and the blank microspheres hydrogel group as control (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe injectable simvastatin-loaded microsphere hydrogel promoted new bone formation in the tooth extraction socket after 5 weeks, and has a promising potential for bone repair and regeneration.     

Demineralised human dentine matrix stimulates the expression of VEGF and accelerates the bone repair in tooth sockets of rats

ObjectiveIn this study we investigated the possible use of human demineralised dentine matrix (DHDM), obtained from the extracted teeth, as bone graft material and evaluated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induced by this material in the healing process of tooth sockets of rats.DesignTo evaluate bone regeneration and expression of VEGF induced by DHDM, thirty-two male Wistar rats weighing approximately 200 g were used. After maxillary second molar extraction, the left sockets were filled with DHDM and the right sockets were naturally filled by blood clot (control). The animals were sacrificed at 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after surgery and upper maxillaries were processed for histological, morphometric and immunohistochemical analyses. DHDM was used to evaluate the mechanical effect of bone graft material into sockets. Expression of VEGF was determined by immunohistochemistry in all groups.ResultsOur results demonstrated a significant increase in the newly formed bone tissue in sockets of 7, 14 and 21 days and a significant increase in VEGF expression at days 7 and 14 on treated sockets.ConclusionsOur results showed that DHDM increases the expression of VEGF and accelerates the healing process in rats tooth sockets, by stimulating bone deposition and also vessels formation. These results suggest that DHDM has osteoinductive/osteoconductive potential and may represent an efficient grafting material on guided bone regeneration.     

Effects of systemic cortisone on the healing of tooth sockets in rats. A histologic study.

Young male rats were divided randomly into experimental and control groups of twenty-seven each. Animals in the experimental group received daily subcutaneous injections of cortisone, in dosages sufficient to allow only slight gains in weight during the 38--day study period, whereas animals in the control group received a similar volume of saline solution. All injections were started 3 days before the upper right first molars were extracted. Histologic evaluation of the sockets of animals killed at intervals during healing showed no significant differences between the experimental and control groups.     

The effect of fluoride on Streptococcus sanguis 7863 IGA1 protease production and activity

Fluoride was found to affect the production of the bacterial IgAl protease but to have no effect on IgAl protease activity. The concentrations of fluoride that do affect Streptococcus sanguis growth and IgAl protease production are higher than those normally seen in vivo under normal circumstances. The concentrations of fluoride in dental plaque following use of a fluoride rinse or dentifrice would be sufficient to reduce Strep. sanguis IgAl protease production.     

The efficacy of intra-articular sodium hyaluronate in patients with reducing displaced disc of the temporomandibular joint

In this clinical trial, we examined the efficacy of intra-articular hyaluronic acid (HA) treatment in 38 patients with reducing displaced disc of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Subjects received two unilateral upper space injections of HA or physiological saline solution with 1 week apart. Efficacy was based on the following measurements: pain and sound intensity of the joint measured by visual analogue scale (VAS), modified Helkimo's clinical dysfunction index and the intensity of joint vibration during opening and closing the mouth measured by accelerometers. These measurements were performed before the first injection and 1 and 6 months after the last injection. In the treatment group (n=19), all measurements improved significantly at month 1 and at month 6 compared with the baseline (P < 0.01). The same measurements, in the placebo group (n=19), did not show any change, except for the pain intensity which improved at month 1 and month 6 (P < 0.05). The change in baseline measurements of all of the efficacy criteria at month 1 and at month 6 in the treatment group was significantly better compared with the change obtained with placebo at the same time intervals. This study demonstrates that intra-articular sodium hyaluronate (Orthovisc) injection into the TMJ is an effective treatment for a reducing displaced disc.     

High resolution of microRNA signatures in human whole saliva

Objective

Identifying discriminatory human salivary RNA biomarkers reflective of disease in a low-cost non-invasive screening assay is crucial to salivary diagnostics. Recent studies have reported both mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) in saliva, but little information has been documented on the quality and yield of RNA collected. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to develop an improved RNA isolation method from saliva and to identify major miRNA species in human whole saliva.

Design

RNA samples were isolated from normal human saliva using a combined protocol based on the Oragene^® RNA collection kit and the mirVana™ miRNA isolation kit in tandem. RNA samples were analysed for quality and subjected to miRNA array analysis.

Results

RNA samples isolated from twenty healthy donors ranged from 2.59 to 29.4 μg/ml saliva and with 1.92–2.16 OD_{260/280 nm} ratios. RNA yield and concentration of saliva samples were observed to be stable over 48 h at room temperature. Analysis of total salivary RNA isolated from these twenty donors showed no statistical significance between sexes; however, the presence of high-, medium-, and low-yield salivary RNA producers was detected. MiRNA array analysis of salivary RNA detected five abundantly expressed miRNAs, miR-223, miR-191, miR-16, miR-203, and miR-24, that were similarly described in other published reports. Additionally, many previously undetected miRNAs were also identified.

Conclusion

High quality miRNAs can be isolated from saliva using available commercial kits, and in future studies, the availability of this isolation protocol may allow specific changes in their levels to be measured accurately in various relevant diseases.     

The healing characteristics of the sockets following surgery in tooth extraction in workers in viscose manufacturing

The study of cicatrization after the teeth extraction in workers of viscous rayon industry which had had a long contact with sulfuric carbon revealed a lower regeneration potential and increased complication incidence as compared to control patient group. Preventive measures are designed providing for control check-ups 3 to 5 days after the intervention and the use of rehabilitation period in presurgical preparation of the patients.     

Osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint: an evaluation of the effects and complications of corticosteroid injection compared with injection with sodium hyaluronate

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and the complications of intra-articular temporomandibular joint (TMJ) injections in 40 patients with osteoarthritis of the TMJ. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups, and the patients received either two intra-articular injections with sodium hyaluronate or two intra-articular injections with corticosteroids, 14 days apart. The effect of the treatment was evaluated 14 days, 1 and 6 months after the initial injection and was based on the following measurements: pain intensity, pain localization, joint sounds, mandibular function and complications. Both groups of patients had less pain intensity at the 6-month follow-up, and there was significantly less pain intensity in the group of patients receiving sodium hyaluronate compared with corticosteroids (P = 0.001). A decrease in crepitation was seen in both groups. In the 20 subjects receiving sodium hyaluronate both the mandibular vertical opening and protrusion increased significantly (P < 0.000). Lateral movement from the affected side increased both in subjects injected with sodium hyaluronate (P = 0.024), and those injected with corticosteroids (P = 0.042). In conclusion, this study confirms that injections in the TMJ with sodium hyaluronate or corticosteroids may reduce pain and improve function in patients with osteoarthritis. The injections were more effective in patients with only TMJ pain compared with patients suffering from both TMJ and myofascial pain. Injection with sodium hyaluronate was significantly more effective in decreasing pain intensity than corticosteroids. Temporary pain after injections may be observed.     

Analysis of microarchitectural changes in a mouse temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis model

Objective

Little is known about the natural progression of the disease process of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis (OA), which affects approximately 1% of the US population. The goal of this study was to examine the early microarchitectural and molecular changes in the condylar cartilage and subchondral bone in biglycan/fibromodulin (Bgn/Fmod) double-deficient mice, which develop TMJ-OA at 6 months.

Methods

TMJs from 3-month-old (n = 44) and 9-month-old (n = 52) wild-type (WT n = 46) and Bgn/Fmod (n = 50) double-deficient mice were evaluated. Micro-CT analysis of the subchondral bone (n = 24), transmission electron microscopy for condylar cartilage fibril diameters (n = 26), and real-time PCR analysis for gene expression for bone and cartilage maturation markers (n = 45) was performed.

Results

A statistically significant increase in collagen fibril diameter of the condylar cartilage and a decrease in expression of Parathyroid related protein in the mandibular condylar head were observed in the 3-month Bgn/Fmod double-deficient mice compared to WT controls. The 9-month Bgn/Fmod double-deficient mouse demonstrated an increase in bone volume and total volume in subchondral bone, and an increase in the expression of Collagen Type X and Aggrecan in the mandibular condylar head compared to the WT controls.

Conclusion

We found that changes in the microarchitecture of the condylar cartilage preceded changes in the subchondral bone during OA in the TMJ in Bgn/Fmod double-deficient mice.     

Effects of nicotine on the healing of extraction sockets in rats. A histological study

The aim of the present study was to evaluate, histologically, the influence of nicotine on the socket healing after tooth extraction in rats. Eighty animals were divided into 4 groups of 20 rats each (2 control and 2 test groups). In the first and second test groups, the animals received one dose of nicotine hemisulfate solution once or twice daily, respectively. In the control groups, the animals received sterile saline once or twice daily. All solutions were injected subcutaneously on the dorsum of the animals for 4 weeks. The results showed that nicotine delayed alveolar healing, especially in terms of organization of connective tissue and osteoneogenesis. Angiogenesis was considerably impaired in the ossification area and in the gingival tissues as well. We concluded that the impairment of the healing of extraction sockets was found to be directly related to the drug dosage.     

透明质酸钠注射治疗不可复性关节盘前移位的CBCT影像学评价

目的:对比治疗前后CBCT影像,观察透明质酸钠治疗颞下颌关节不可复性盘前移位后髁突位置及形态变化.方法:对40例患者进行3次透明质酸钠关节上腔注射治疗.通过治疗前、治疗后3、9、12个月CBCT影像学检查及临床检查,从髁突位置形态变化、疼痛度(VAS)、最大开口度(MMO)、Fricton指数观察透明质酸钠对颞下颌关节不可复性关节盘前移位的治疗效果.结果:CBCT显示不可复性关节盘前移位伴骨关节病患者治疗前与治疗后9、12个月比较,髁突骨质有明显改建,骨面变得平整光滑,骨赘减小(P =0.026,P=0.001),部分单纯不可复性关节盘前移位患者治疗后9个月髁突可以向前移动(P=0.038);治疗后患者MMO增大,VAS减小(P＜0.05),Fricton指数降低.治疗后3～12个月Fricton指数无显著变化(P＞0.05).结论:CBCT显示透明质酸钠可促进已破坏髁突表面骨质改建,但不能使后移位的髁突回到关节窝中央.     

Influence of enamel matrix derivative (Emdogain®) and sodium fluoride on the healing process in delayed tooth replantation: histologic and histometric analysis in rats

Abstract – Although it has already been shown that enamel matrix derivative (Emdogain^®) promotes periodontal regeneration in the treatment of intrabony periodontal defects, there is little information concerning its regenerative capacity in cases of delayed tooth replantation. To evaluate the alterations in the periodontal healing of replanted teeth after use of Emdogain^®, the central incisors of 24 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) were extracted and left on the bench for 6 h. Thereafter, the dental papilla and the enamel organ of each tooth were sectioned for pulp removal by a retrograde way and the canal was irrigated with 1% sodium hypochlorite. The teeth were assigned to two groups:in group I, root surface was treated with 1% sodium hypochlorite for 10 min (changing the solution every 5 min), rinsed with saline for 10 min and immersed in 2% acidulated‐phosphate sodium fluoride for 10 min; in group II, root surfaces were treated in the same way as described above, except for the application of Emdogain^® instead of sodium fluoride. The teeth were filled with calcium hydroxide (in group II right before Emdogain^® was applied) and replanted. All animals received antibiotic therapy. The rats were killed by anesthetic overdose 10 and 60 days after replantation. The pieces containing the replanted teeth were removed, fixated, decalcified and paraffin‐embedded. Semi‐serial 6‐μm‐thick sections were obtained and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histologic and histometric analyses. The use of 2% acidulated‐phosphate sodium fluoride provided more areas of replacement resorption. The use of Emdogain^® resulted in more areas of ankylosis and was therefore not able to avoid dentoalveolar ankylosis. It may be concluded that neither 2% acidulated‐phosphate sodium fluoride nor Emdogain^® were able to prevent root resorption in delayed tooth replantation in rats.     

玻璃酸钠关节腔注射结合被动张口训练治疗颞下颌关节不可复性盘前移位的临床研究

目的：探讨关节腔注射玻璃酸钠结合术后被动张口训练治疗不可复性关节盘前移位的临床疗效。方法：将96例不可复性关节盘前移位的患者随机分为实验组和对照组,两组均行关节腔注射玻璃酸钠3次,实验组术后结合被动张口训练,对照组术后不进行被动张口训练。每次治疗后和3个月后均对两组患者治疗效果、有效率进行临床评价。结果：各组在治疗第3次后与治疗前相比较,实验组有显著性差异（P ＜0．01）,对照组差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）;各组在治疗第1次、第2次和第3次分别进行两两比较,实验组、对照组差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。各组治疗第3次后与治疗3个月后相比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。实验组和对照组在每次治疗后和3个月后的对比观察均具有显著性差异（P＜0．01）。结论：应用玻璃酸钠关节腔内3次注射结合被动张口训练在不可复性关节盘前移位的治疗中具有显著稳定的临床疗效,在一定程度上为临床医师选择治疗周期和治疗次数提供参考。     

Effects of alendronate on bone healing after tooth extraction in rats

Oral Diseases (2010) 16 , 674–685 Objectives: Tooth extraction has been identified as an important risk factor for bisphosphonate‐induced osteonecrosis of the jaw. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to determine the effects of alendronate on healing of the extraction socket and on interdental alveolar bone after tooth extraction in rats. Materials and methods: Animals were injected subcutaneously with vehicle or alendronate for 3–4 weeks before the first mandibular molar was extracted and these treatments were continued during post‐extraction periods of 10, 21, 35 and 70 days. Mandibles were processed to evaluate healing of the extraction socket and adjacent alveolar bone by assessing bone formation, bone resorption and vascularity by histomorphometric techniques. Results: Alendronate decreased new woven bone formation, blood vessel area, perimeter and number in the extraction socket at 10 days postextraction, but not at later time points. Furthermore, alendronate‐treated rats had increased interdental alveolar bone volume and height only at 10 days postextraction. In addition, a 2.5‐fold increase in the percentage of empty osteocyte lacunae was found in alveolar bone of alendronate‐treated rats only at 10 days postextraction. Conclusions: Alendronate transiently decreases bone formation and vascularity in the extraction socket and delays the removal of interdental alveolar bone after tooth extraction in rats.     

Factors influencing survival rate in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary glands

Ninety-one cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the salivary glands with more than ten years' follow up were studied to investigate factors influencing the survival rate of patients, which vary according to site, histological type, clinical stage and nature of therapy. The data were statistically analysed for survival curves. Log rank tests were employed to assess the statistical significance of various groups. As a result, it may be concluded that tumour site, clinical stage and histological type are the important factors influencing the prognosis. ACC of the palate and parotid, early clinical stage, glandular/tubular histological type, and tumour without nerve involvement had the best prognosis. ACC in the submandibular gland, maxillary antrum and tongue, advanced clinical stage (stage III and IV), solid histological type, and tumour with nerve involvement had a poor prognosis.     

Treatment of chronic suppurative osteomyelitis of the mandible

Chronic suppurative osteomyelitis of the mandible is often considered difficult to treat and may lead to refractory osteomyelitis. Sixteen patients with chronic suppurative osteomyelitis of the mandible were treated with a relatively simple protocol, consisting of sequestrectomy or decortication and i.v. antimicrobial therapy for one week, followed by oral penicillin for three weeks. Only one case showed recurrence of symptoms, which was treated successfully in a second session. It is concluded that combined surgical and antimicrobial therapy should be sufficient to cure most cases of chronic suppurative osteomyelitis of the mandible.