CIK细胞体内外抗肝癌细胞作用

目的：研究肝癌患者CIK（cytokine-induced killer) 细胞的体外杀伤自体肝癌原代细胞的细胞毒活性以及正常人CIK细胞在裸鼠体内的抗肿瘤作用。方法：分别分离获得肝癌患者和下人的外周血单个核细胞（PBMC）,加入细胞因子,体外诱导成CIK细胞,用流式细胞仪对细胞作动态表型分析,并与正常人的CIK细胞作对比。用^51Cr释放法,测定肝癌患者的CIK细胞体外杀伤自体肿瘤细胞的细胞毒性活性。在Balb/c裸鼠皮下接种肝癌细胞BEL－7402,观察CIK细胞对荷瘤鼠的抑瘤作用,并与LAK、PBMC细胞相对比。结果：肝癌患者的CIK细胞体外增殖力强,至培养28天时达到最大增值倍数300多,表型分析结果表明,CD^3 CD56^ 双阳性细胞得到了大量的扩增,其含量由原来的0．23％上升到第21天的17．8％。体外实验表明,肝癌患者的CIK细胞杀伤自体原代肝癌细胞的细胞毒性活性明显高于自体的PBMC细胞。裸鼠体内实验表明,肝癌患者的CIK细胞能够显著抑制肿瘤的生长,其抑瘤率可达84．7％,高于LAK细胞的52．8％及PBMC的37．1％（P＜0．05和P＜0．01）。结论：CIK细胞具有较强的体内外抗肝癌细胞活性,有可能应用于临床上肝癌的过继性免疫治疗。     

细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞在血液肿瘤中的研究进展

 【摘要】 细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞（CIK）是外周血单个核细胞在体外经多种细胞因子共同培育下获得的一种异质细胞。该细胞增殖速度快,对肿瘤细胞杀伤活性强,杀瘤谱广,不良反应小。CIK细胞输注治疗开启了肿瘤过继免疫治疗的新篇章,尤其在血液肿瘤领域中具有重要的应用前景,综述CIK细胞在血液肿瘤领域的研究新进展。     

CIK细胞体内外抗宫颈癌HeLa细胞活性的研究

目的：探讨细胞因子诱导的杀伤（cytokine-induced killer,CIK）细胞的体内外抗宫颈癌HeLa细胞活性。方法：收集8名健康献血者和8名宫颈癌患者的新鲜外周血,分别通过常规方法分离外周血单核细胞（peripheral blood mononuclear cells,PBMC）,应用相应细胞因子体外诱导分化出CIK细胞,动态观察CIK细胞的体外增殖活性、细胞表型和对HeLa细胞的杀伤活性;在BALB/c裸鼠皮下接种效应细胞,观察宫颈癌患者CIK细胞对接种HeLa细胞的荷瘤鼠的抑瘤作用,同时设淋巴因子激活的杀伤细胞（lymphokine activated killer cells,LAK）和PBMC细胞作为对照。结果：源于健康人和宫颈癌患者的CIK细胞间的增殖活性无明显区别（P〉0.05）。表型分析结果表明,两种来源的CIK细胞中CD3~＋CD56~＋双阳性细胞均得到了大量扩增,宫颈癌患者CIK细胞中CD3~＋CD56~＋双阳性细胞在实验开始前约占0.13%,到实验后第28天上升到25.8%。体外实验表明,宫颈癌患者的CIK细胞杀伤宫颈癌HeLa细胞的细胞毒活性明显高于PBMC细胞。裸鼠体内实验表明,宫颈癌患者CIK细胞能够显著抑制肿瘤的生长,其抑瘤率可达80.6%,高于LAK细胞的59.1%和PBMC细胞的38.3%（P〈0.01）。CIK治疗后肿瘤体积明显比空白对照组缩小（P〈0.05）。结论：宫颈癌患者CIK细胞具有较强的体内外抗宫颈癌细胞活性,有可能用于临床上宫颈癌的过继性免疫治疗。     

脐血CIK细胞的体外扩增特性研究

目的动态观察脐血CIK细胞体外扩增特性及其表面抗原变化,并对其细胞毒活性进行检测。方法提取健康足月产妇的胎儿脐带血单个核细胞,第0天加入rh-IFN-γ,第1天加入rhIL-2、抗CD3单克隆抗体来诱导培养CIK细胞,以后每3d更换培养液1次,并补加rhIL-2及抗CD3McAb。用流式细胞仪动态检测培养物的免疫表型变化,同时进行细胞计数,并使用MTT法检测各阶段脐血CIK细胞的细胞毒活性。结果脐血CIK细胞在培养2￣3周后大量增生,扩增约(64.4±16)倍,其中CD3+CD5+6细胞扩增约900倍,是CIK的主要效应细胞,且CD+3CD+8的T细胞达(74.7±10.42)%,CD2+5细胞比例也明显增加,而CD3+4细胞比例却减少。另外CD+3CD1+6CD5+6细胞比例升高最显著;脐血CIK细胞对白血病细胞株K562,HL-60及原代白血病细胞有较高的杀伤活性。结论脐血单个核细胞在体外可以被培养为CIK细胞,且扩增潜能极大,扩增倍数极高,细胞毒活性强,脐血CIK细胞有望应用于恶性肿瘤的生物免疫治疗。     

PHA对CIK细胞体外扩增影响的研究

目的：观察植物血凝素PHA对细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞(cytokine-induced killer cells，CIK)体外扩增的影响。方法：在外周血单个核细胞定向诱导CIK细胞时加或不加PHA，观察细胞增殖的变化，流式细胞仪检测细胞的免疫表型，MTT法测定细胞的杀伤活性。结果：PHA能明显提高CIK细胞的扩增倍数及体外杀伤活性，P=0．041。结论：为CIK细胞的过继性免疫治疗提供一种新方法。     

PHA对CIK细胞体外扩增影响的研究

目的:观察植物血凝素PHA对细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞(cytokineinducedkillercells,CIK)体外扩增的影响。方法:在外周血单个核细胞定向诱导CIK细胞时加或不加PHA,观察细胞增殖的变化,流式细胞仪检测细胞的免疫表型,MTT法测定细胞的杀伤活性。结果:PHA能明显提高CIK细胞的扩增倍数及体外杀伤活性,P=0.041。结论:为CIK细胞的过继性免疫治疗提供一种新方法。     

自体肿瘤抗原致敏的树突状细胞联合细胞因子诱导杀伤细胞应用于肺腺癌治疗的临床研究

目的:探讨负载自身肿瘤裂解物的树突状细胞(dendritic cells, DCs)联合细胞因子诱导杀伤 (cytokine induced killer, CIK) 细胞治疗肺腺癌的临床疗效及安全性.方法:选择30例肺腺癌患者,分离获得外周血单个核细胞(peripheral blood mononuclear cells, PBMCs),其中贴壁细胞经重组人粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, rhGM-CSF)和重组人白细胞介素- 4(recombinant human interleukin-4, rhIL-4)诱导产生DCs,并负载自体肺腺癌细胞裂解物,培养获得Ag-DCs;悬浮细胞经干扰素-α(interferon,IFN-α)、白细胞介素-2(interleukin-2,IL-2)、抗CD3单克隆抗体和白细胞介素-1α(interleukin-1α,IL-1α)体外诱导产生CIK细胞; 将Ag-DCs与CIK细胞共培养,观察CIK细胞体外对肺腺癌细胞株A549和自体肿瘤细胞的杀伤活性;30 例患者接受Ag-DCs+CIK细胞过继免疫治疗,观察疗效.结果: Ag-DCs与CIK细胞共培养后,提高了CIK细胞对A549细胞和自体肿瘤细胞的杀伤活性;Ag-DCs联合CIK细胞治疗肺腺癌,可增强患者细胞免疫功能,改善生活质量,提高临床疗效;除一过性发热和畏寒外,未见其他不良反应.结论:Ag-DCs联合CIK细胞可作为中晚期肺腺癌的一种有效治疗手段.     

细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞体内外抗胶质瘤实验研究

目的：研究正常人细胞因子激活的杀伤细胞（cytokine-induced killer，CIK）对人脑胶质瘤细胞系U251的体外细胞毒活性，以及对脑胶质瘤裸鼠移植模型的体内抗肿瘤作用。方法：取正常人外周血单个核细胞（pefipheral blood mononuclear cell，PBMC），通过多种细胞因子体外诱导成CIK细胞，用流式细胞仪对细胞作动态表型分析。用LDH法测定CIK细胞体外对U251的杀伤率，利用无胸腺裸小鼠U251细胞皮下移植瘤模型观察CIK细胞体内抑瘤作用。结果：CIK细胞在培养2周左右获得大量增殖，CD3^＋／CD56^＋双阳性细胞大量增殖〉1000倍。体外实验证明，CIK细胞对U251有明显的细胞毒活性；体内实验表明，CIK细胞能够显著抑制Balb／c裸鼠皮下移植瘤的生长，其抑瘤率可达50％。结论：CIK细胞是一种新型和高效的免疫活性细胞，具有较强的体内外抑制胶质瘤生长的作用，有可能用于临床上脑胶质瘤的过继性免疫治疗。     

树突状细胞对自体CIK细胞体外杀伤肺腺癌细胞影响的研究

目的：研究人外周血树突细胞（dendriticcell,DC）对自体CIK细胞体外杀伤肺腺癌细胞的影响,以期获得具有抗原特异性杀伤功能的细胞毒活性细胞,并分别对CIK、LAK和CD3AK的杀伤效果进行比较.方法：采用某一肺腺癌肿瘤患者外周血单个核细胞（peripheral blood mononuclear cells,PBMNC）,经体外诱导分别扩增出CIK、LAK、CD3AK和DC细胞,再将靶细胞抗原孵育过的DC同三种细胞共同培养,通过镜下动态观察CIK联合DC对癌性胸腔积液中肿瘤细胞的杀伤活性,并利用MTT法检测CIK联合DC体外杀伤人肺腺癌细胞系（SPC-A1）的活性,同时比较CIK、LAK和CD3AK三种细胞的体外杀瘤活性.结果：CIK-ADC的杀伤活性最强为92.3%,明显高于单纯CIK的59.7%和DC-CIK的79.8%,（P值分别为0.025和0.042）,提示CIK A-DC细胞对肿瘤杀伤的特异性.而DC-CIK的杀伤活性为79.8%,也高于单纯CIK对照组59.7%,P=0.034,说明DC具有明显增强CIK细胞杀瘤活性的功能.同时,不论从单纯CIK、LAK、CD3AK细胞毒活性,或是从三种细胞联合DC的细胞毒活性比较,CIK细胞较后两种细胞都具有更强的杀伤活性,P值分别为0.038和0.022.联合DC的自体CIK细胞体外杀瘤活性显著增强,CIK细胞的杀伤活性显著高于LAK、CD3AK两种细胞.结论：DC可明显提高自体CIK细胞的体外杀瘤活性.     

脐血来源CIK细胞的体外扩增培养

目的 研究人脐血来源的细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞（cytokine-induced killer,CIK）体外培养扩增，并检测其功能。方法 应用Ficoll-Hypaque离心获得界面细胞，贴壁培养2h，获得悬浮单个核细胞，体外以重组人白介素-1、重组人白介素-2、γ-干扰素和CD3抗体诱导培养15d。在CIK发育过程中，在光镜下观察其生长情况，应用流式细胞仪检测CIK表型。采用MTT法检测CIK对肿瘤细胞的杀伤性。结果 CIK前3d细胞扩增不明显，在培养4d后，细胞增殖，呈团，可观察到不规则形的细胞．细胞体积增大，胞质少、胞核大、圆．有时可观察到细胞分裂相。培养12d后CIK细胞高表达CD3^＋CD56^＋，CD3^＋CD8^＋细胞缓慢增长，CD3、CD4细胞有所增加，在d7之后有所下降，CD3^＋细胞维持高水平且变化不明显。CIK细胞对2种来源于不同组织的肿瘤细胞均产生了明显的杀伤性。结论 人脐血经重组人白介素-1、重组人白介素-2、γ-干扰素和CD3抗体体外诱导培养，能诱导出CIK，并对恶性肿瘤细胞有明显的杀伤活性。     

CIK细胞生物学特性及抗肿瘤作用的研究进展

CIK细胞是人外周血或脐血单个核细胞在体外经多种细胞因子刺激后获得的一群异质细胞，它增殖能力强、杀瘤活性高、不良反应少，是肿瘤过继免疫治疗中更为有效的杀瘤效应细胞。在临床上已经用于治疗多种恶性肿瘤，并且疗效确切，本文CIK细胞的生物学特性及抗肿瘤作用的研究情况做一综述。     

Enhancing effect of pokeweed mitogen on the proliferation and the cytotoxicity of lymphokine-activated killer cells.

In order to obtain more potent lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells for use in adoptive immunotherapy, pokeweed mitogen (PWM) was added to the culture medium for the initial 24-48 h of culturing. The proliferation rate of PWM-stimulated LAK cells reached about 1000-fold after 3-week culture. This rate was nearly the same as that of LAK cells stimulated by 10 ng/ml of OKT3, the mouse anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody. However, the cytotoxicity of PWM-stimulated LAK cells was significantly more potent than that of OKT3-stimulated LAK cells. Phenotypic analysis revealed that PWM-stimulated LAK cells were CD3+CD56(+)-dominant while OKT3-stimulated LAK cells were CD3+CD56(-)-dominant. About half of CD3+CD56+ PWM-stimulated LAK cells was CD8+. These results suggest that more efficient adoptive immunotherapy is possible by using high-dose PWM-stimulated LAK cells with more potent cytotoxicity. Interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha were significantly increased in the culture media after 24-h incubation with 1 micrograms/ml of PWM. Secretion of interferon-gamma was not enhanced by this concentration of PWM within 24 h. Therefore, PWM is considered to activate monocytes or macrophages to produce these cytokines in advance, influencing the proliferation and the cytotoxicity of LAK cells.     

Enhancing Effect of Pokeweed Mitogen on the Proliferation and the Cytotoxicity of Lymphokine-activated Killer Cells

In order to obtain more potent lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells for use in adoptive immunotherapy, pokeweed mitogen (PWM) was added to the culture medium for the initial 24–48 h of culturing. The proliferation rate of PWM-stimulated LAK cells reached about 1000-fold after 3-week culture. This rate was nearly the same as that of LAK cells stimulated by 10 ng/ml of OKT3, the mouse anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody. However, the cytotoxicity of PWM-stimulated LAK cells was significantly more potent than that of OKT3-stimulated LAK cells. Phenotypic analysis revealed that PWM-stimulated LAK cells were CD3⁺CD56⁺-dominant while OKT3-stimulated LAK cells were CD3⁺CD56^--dominant. About half of CD3+CD56+ PWM-stimulated LAK cells was CD8⁺. These results suggest that more efficient adoptive immunotherapy is possible by using high-dose PWM-stimulated LAK cells with more potent cytotoxicity. Interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor a were significantly increased in the culture media after 24-h incubation with 1 μg/ml of PWM. Secretion of interferon-γ was not enhanced by this concentration of PWM within 24 h. Therefore, PWM is considered to activate monocytes or macrophages to produce these cytokines in advance, influencing the proliferation and the cytotoxicity of LAK cells.     

CIK的体外增殖及体内外杀瘤活性的实验研究

目的:从人骨髓造血前体细胞体外培养扩增树突状细胞(dendritic cells,DCs),测定其表型及T细胞刺激活性.方法:采用Mini-MACS分离技术,从正常人骨髓、脐血分离CD34~ 造血干细胞,体外以重组hGM-CSF,hTNF-α,hIL-3诱导培养2周,流式细胞术检测扩增细胞的表面表型及细胞内IL-12的表达,体外同种混合淋巴细胞反应检测扩增DCs的T细胞刺激活性.结果:从正常人骨髓、脐血分离得到高纯度(>90%)的CD34~ 造血干细胞,经重组hGM-CSF,hTNF-α的共同诱导培养,扩增得到大量DCs,加人hIL-3可以进一步增加DCs产量;FACS检测表明,扩增的DCs表达HLA-DR,CD40,CD54,CD80,CD86分子,细胞内有hIL-12的P35,P40亚基的表达;与外周血单核细胞培养生成的DCs相比,由CD34~ 干细胞扩增的DCs具有更强的激发同种T细胞增殖的能力.结论:人CD34~ 干细胞体外经诱导培养,可以生成大量功能成熟的DCs,从而为进一步开展DCs的基础及临床研究打下了基础.     

人肺癌细胞NHE—1基因片段的克隆及其反义表达载体的构建

目的:动态观察CIK(cytokine induced killer)细胞的体外增殖,体外的细胞毒活性,及通过动物实验研究其体内的抗肿瘤作用.方法:通过提取健康供血者的PBMC,第0天加入γ-IFN,第1天加入IL-2、抗-CD3单抗和IL-1培养CIK细胞;在流式细胞仪上做动态培养物的表型分析;与LAK细胞作对比,分别用MIT法测定其体外细胞毒活性及对S180荷瘤鼠的体内抗肿瘤作用.结果:CIK细胞在培养2周后获得大量增殖,表型分析表明,CIK细胞属异质性细胞群,在培养的过程中,群体的CD3~ CD56~ 细胞大量扩增达1000多倍,是CIK细胞的主要效应细胞;实验证明,CIK细胞的体外细胞毒活性及对S180荷瘤鼠的体内抗肿瘤作用均强于LAK细胞;其较强的体内抗癌活性可能与荷瘤鼠主体内T细胞活化有关.结论:CIK细胞是一种强于LAK细胞的、新型、高效、具有广谱杀瘤活力的免疫活性细胞.     

健康人和肝癌患者CIK体外增殖能力及对原代肝癌细胞抗肿瘤作用的比较研究

目的探讨源自健康人和肿瘤患者的细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞(CIK)体外增殖能力及对原代肝癌细胞的抗肿瘤作用的差异,进一步了解CIK的抗肿瘤作用.方法分离健康人和肝癌患者外周血单个核细胞经细胞因子激活诱导培养为CIK,流式细胞分析检测CIK免疫表型;用机械研磨法将新鲜肝癌组织标本分离成单细胞悬液;四甲基偶氮唑盐法榆测两种CI...     

Adoptive immunotherapy of human cancer using low-dose recombinant interleukin 2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells

The adoptive transfer of recombinant-methionyl human interleukin 2 (rIL-2)-activated autologous peripheral blood mononuclear lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells to cancer patients is being evaluated as an alternative to conventional cancer therapy. We have independently developed an alternative regimen to previously reported adoptive immunotherapy protocols using rIL-2 and LAK cells which features the prolonged administration of low-dose rIL-2 (30,000 units/kg) and an automated, entirely enclosed system of peripheral blood cell procurement, culture, harvest, and reinfusion of activated cells. The cell culture system was tested with a murine tumor model in which LAK cells generated in plastic culture bags were reinfused into tumor-bearing mice. Tumor regression was as effective with cells activated in the bags as in conventional culture flasks. Twenty-eight cancer patients were treated for 5 consecutive days with low-dose rIL-2, followed by leukapheresis, infusion of LAK cells, and prolonged IL-2 administration. At least 50% tumor regression was observed in 46% of all patients treated. These data imply that human peripheral blood mononuclear cells retain fully their capacity for rIL-2-induced activation and effector cell function under this alternative approach, and further, that a low-dose rIL-2 regimen with markedly reduced toxicities can be as effective as high-dose rIL-2 regimens if low-dose rIL-2 is given for a prolonged period of time following LAK cell infusion.