他汀类药物对原发性高胆固醇血症患者血管内皮功能的影响

目的　观察辛伐他汀和氟伐他汀对原发性高胆固醇血症患者血管内皮功能的影响。方法　 6 0例原发性高胆固醇血症患者随机分为辛伐他汀组 (5mg/d)或氟伐他汀组 (2 0mg/d) ,每组 30例 ,均治疗 8周 ,2 0例正常对照。采用超声多普勒于治疗前后对其进行血管内皮功能的测定。结果　原发性高胆固醇血症患者肱动脉血流介导的舒张反应较对照组明显减弱 [辛伐他汀组 (3 38±5 48) % ,氟伐他汀组 (1 17± 5 15 ) % ,对照组 (17 5 8± 6 47) % ,P <0 0 0 1],而三组对硝酸甘油的反应差异无显著性 [分别为 (14 6 4± 6 6 8) % ,(14 46± 7 80 ) % ,(18 31± 6 84) % ,P >0 0 5 ]。辛伐他汀或氟伐他汀治疗 8周后均使血清总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇显著降低 ,同时肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能较治疗前亦有明显改善 [辛伐他汀组为 (14 6 8± 5 0 5 ) %比 (3 38± 5 48) % ,氟伐他汀组为(13 94± 6 6 8) %比 (1 17± 5 15 ) % ,P值均 <0 0 0 1],而治疗前后肱动脉对硝酸甘油的反应无显著性变化。结论　原发性高胆固醇血症患者血管内皮依赖性舒张功能受损 ,辛伐他汀或氟伐他汀治疗均可显著改善血管内皮依赖性舒张功能 ,二者之间差异无显著性。     

小剂量辛伐他汀对急性心肌梗死患者 血管内皮功能的影响

目的　观察心肌梗死急性期降脂治疗对内皮依赖性血管舒张功能的作用。方法　采用超声法检测 39例急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者和 31例无心肌梗死者肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能。应用随机、交叉实验设计 ,将 39例AMI受试者随机分为单纯常规治疗组和加服辛伐他汀 5mg/d或 10mg/d治疗组 ,治疗 2个月后复测其肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能。然后交叉 ,即单纯常规治疗组加服辛伐他汀 5mg/d或 10mg/d ;原服辛伐他汀治疗组停用 ,仅接受常规治疗 ;第 4个月再次检测肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能。结果　AMI患者肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能 [n =39,(2 .44± 3.31) % ]较对照组 [n=31,(8.13± 4.77) % ]明显降低 (P <0 .0 0 1)。AMI患者服用 5mg/d辛伐他汀 (n =19)治疗 2个月后 ,肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能 (4 .2 9± 2 .91) %与治疗前基础水平 (2 .5 4± 2 .5 2 ) %、常规治疗后 (2 .89±3.71) %相比差别无显著性 ;而服用 10mg/d ,辛伐他汀 (n =2 0 )治疗 2个月后 ,肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能 [(6 .2 4± 4.14) % ]与治疗前基础水平 [(2 .35± 3.92 ) %P <0 .0 1]、常规治疗后 [(2 .5 7± 3.5 7) %P <0 .0 5 ]相比 ,有显著性改善。同时还观察到 ,与常规治疗相比较 ,辛伐他汀 (5mg/d或 10mg/d)治疗后血总胆固醇水平有明显降低。结论     

微粒化非诺贝特对高三酰甘油血症患者血管内皮功能的作用

目的 :探讨微粒化非诺贝特对高三酰甘油血症患者血管内皮功能的作用。方法 :对 30例高三酰甘油血症患者 (口服微粒化非诺贝特 2 0 0mg/d治疗 4周前后 )和 30例正常人采用高分辨超声技术检测血流介导的和硝酸甘油介导的肱动脉舒张功能 ,并测定血浆内皮素 (ET)和血脂。结果 :①高三酰甘油血症组血流介导的肱动脉舒张反应较正常组明显减弱 [(2 .7± 2 .0 ) %∶(15 .0± 8.0 ) % ,P <0 .0 1],而两组对硝酸甘油的血管舒张反应差异无显著性意义 [(15 .0± 5 .0 ) %∶(16 .8± 9.0 ) % ,P >0 .0 5 ]。②高三酰甘油血症患者微粒化非诺贝特治疗后血流介导的肱动脉舒张显著改善 [(11.0± 9.0 ) % ,P <0 .0 1],而硝酸甘油介导的血管舒张较治疗前无明显改变[(16 .2± 6 .0 ) % ,P >0 .0 5 ]。③高三酰甘油血症患者血浆ET水平显著高于正常人 [(10 6 .2± 19.2 ) μg/L∶(72 .4± 14 .1) μg/L ,P <0 .0 1],微粒化非诺贝特治疗后血浆ET水平显著降低 [(82 .7± 15 .5 ) μg/L ,P <0 .0 1],血清三酰甘油明显降低 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :微粒化非诺贝特对高三酰甘油血症患者受损的血管内皮依赖性舒张功能有改善作用。改善血管内皮功能亦是微粒化非诺贝特防治冠心病的作用机制之一     

益多脂对高甘油三酯血症患者血管内皮依赖性舒张功能的影响

目的 :观察益多脂对高甘油三酯血症患者血管内皮依赖性舒张功能的影响。方法 :30例高甘油三酯血症患者 (治疗组 )口服益多脂治疗 8周后 ,采静脉血用酶法测定甘油三酯 (TG)和总胆固醇 (TC)的浓度 ;采用高分辨率血管外超声法检测治疗前后肱动脉内皮依赖性血管舒张功能 ,并与 2 8例正常对照者 (对照组 )比较。结果 :治疗组血流介导的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能明显减弱 ,与对照组相比差异有显著性意义 [(4 .1± 0 .5 ) %∶(10 .1± 0 .8) % ],单因素相关分析发现 :血浆TG浓度与血流介导的肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能下降值之间呈负相关 (r =- 0 .6 3,P <0 .0 1)。治疗 8周后血流介导的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能增加 (4 .6± 1.2 ) % (P <0 .0 1) ,单因素相关分析显示 :肱动脉内皮依赖性血管舒张功能改善的程度与TG的基础值无相关性 (r =0 .2 84,P >0 .0 5 ) ,与TG的降低程度呈正相关 (r =0 .5 39,P <0 .0 1)。结论 :益多脂对高甘油三酯血症患者具有改善其血管内皮依赖性舒张功能的作用     

辛伐他汀对不稳定型心绞痛患者血管内皮功能的影响

目的 :观察辛伐他汀对不稳定型心绞痛 (UA)患者血管内皮依赖性血管舒张功能 (FMD)的影响。方法 :4 2例UA患者随机分为常规治疗组和辛伐他汀治疗组 ,治疗 8周前后 ,采静脉血用酶法测定甘油三酯和胆固醇的浓度 ;采用高分辨率血管外超声法检测治疗前后肱动脉FMD和内皮非依赖性舒张功能 (NMD)。结果 :辛伐他汀治疗 8周后肱动脉FMD(6 .14± 0 .4 5 ) %较治疗前 (2 .4 5± 0 .2 1) %及常规治疗组 (2 .5 0± 0 .36 ) %均显著改善 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而肱动脉NMD差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :辛伐他汀具有改善UA患者血管FMD的作用     

高密度脂蛋白对血管内皮依赖性舒张功能的影响

目的　探讨血清高密度脂蛋白 胆固醇 (HDL C)水平与肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能之间的关系。方法　测定 71例血清总胆固醇水平相对正常的冠心病患者和 34例对照者的血脂水平以及在反应性充血时和含服硝酸甘油后肱动脉的内径变化。结果　冠心病组血流介导的肱动脉舒张和硝酸甘油所致的肱动脉舒张均低于对照组 [分别为 (2 6 1± 2 91) %比 (8 0 1± 4 72 ) %和 (17 2 2± 6 76 ) %比 (2 3 13± 8 6 1) % ,P均 <0 0 0 1]。多因素线性逐步回归分析显示 :血流介导的肱动脉舒张与血清HDL C水平呈正相关 (r=0 32 4,P =0 0 0 2 ) ,与血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白水平无关 ;硝酸甘油所致的肱动脉舒张也与上述血脂水平无关。根据血流介导的肱动脉舒张程度将两组受试者合并再分为A、B两组 ,A组肱动脉舒张≤ 4% ,B组肱动脉舒张 >4%。结果显示 ,A组HDL C水平明显低于B组 [(1 15± 0 2 6 )mmol/L对 (1 38± 0 5 0 )mmol/L ,P <0 0 1) ]。结论　冠心病患者内皮依赖性及非内皮依赖性的血管舒张功能均受损。HDL C对血管内皮依赖性舒张功能有保护作用 ,该作用可能与其抗动脉粥样硬化作用有关     

普伐他汀对内皮依赖性血管舒张功能的影响

目的 :评价普伐他汀对内皮依赖性血管舒张功能的影响。方法 :对 5 8例冠心病 (CHD)患者 (A组 )及 30例健康人 (B组 )采用高分辨血管外超声技术测定肱动脉血流介导的舒张功能及硝酸甘油介导的舒张功能。A组服普伐他汀 6个月后复查。结果 :A组肱动脉血流介导的舒张及硝酸甘油介导的舒张均低于B组 [分别为(2 .85± 2 .77) %∶(8.14± 3.6 5 ) %、(16 .6 8± 5 .71) %∶(2 4 .83± 6 .79) % ,均P <0 .0 1],A组治疗后较治疗前明显好转 [分别为 (6 .4 5± 3.82 ) %∶(2 .85± 2 .77) %、(2 2 .4 6± 6 .37) %∶(16 .6 8± 5 .71) % ,均 P <0 .0 1]。结论 :普伐他汀对CHD患者受损的内皮依赖性舒张功能有较好的治疗价值 ,与其非调脂作用有关     

高甘油三酯血症对血管内皮功能的影响

目的　观察高甘油三酯血症对血管内皮功能的影响。方法　对 30名高甘油三酯血症患者和 30名正常人采用高分辨超声技术检测血流介导和硝酸甘油介导的肱动脉舒张功能 ,并测定血浆内皮素和血脂。结果　 (1)高甘油三酯血症患者血流介导的肱动脉舒张较正常组明显减弱 [分别为(2 7± 2 0 ) %和 (15 0± 8 0 ) % ,P <0 0 0 1],而两组对硝酸甘油的血管舒张反应无显著性差异 [分别为 (15 0± 5 0 ) %和 (16 8± 9 0 ) % ,P >0 0 5 ]。 (2 )高甘油三酯血症患者血浆内皮素水平 [(10 6 2 2± 19 16 ) μg/L]显著高于正常组 [(72 37± 14 0 6 ) μg/L](P <0 0 0 1)。 结论　高甘油三酯血症患者内皮依赖性血管舒张功能明显受损。血管内皮功能失调可能是高甘油三酯血症致动脉粥样硬化的一个重要机制。     

血管紧张素Ⅱ对内皮依赖性血管舒张功能的影响

目的 :探讨血浆中血管紧张素Ⅱ (AngⅡ )水平与肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能的关系。 方法 :测定冠心病 (CHD)组 30例、原发性高血压 (EH)组 2 8例、EH并发CHD(EH加CHD)组 39例和正常对照组 2 0例的血脂、AngⅡ、vWF、内皮素 1(ET 1)、一氧化氮 (NO)水平以及反应性充血时和含服硝酸甘油后肱动脉内径的变化。结果 :EH组、CHD组和EH加CHD组血流介导的肱动脉舒张 (FMD)和硝酸甘油所致的肱动脉舒张均低于对照组 [分别为 (7.32± 4 .36 )、(5 .6 2± 3.0 9)和 (3.72± 3.0 6 ) %∶(14 .2 1± 7.71) %以及 (17.82± 6 .0 0 )、(12 .6 1±4 .2 9)和 (9.5 2± 4 .85 ) %∶(19.33± 9.6 2 ) % ,均P <0 .0 5 ]。多因素线性逐步回归分析显示 :在CHD组和EH加CHD组与血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL C)水平呈正相关 [分别为 (r =0 .317,P <0 .0 1)和 (r =0 .2 98,P <0 .0 1) ],EH加CHD组与血浆AngⅡ水平呈负相关 (r =- 0 .4 71,P <0 .0 1) ;剔除HDL C影响因素后仍呈负相关 (r =- 0 .2 84 ,P >0 .0 1) ,硝酸甘油所致的肱动脉舒张与上述各因素无关。根据FMD程度将 4组受试者合并后再分为A、B两组 ,A组FMD≤ 5 % ,B组FMD >5 % ,结果显示 ,A组的AngⅡ和ET 1明显高于B组 [分别为(10 1.4 5± 13.4 2 )∶(35 .6 4± 9.6 2 )ng/L和     

普伐他汀降脂治疗对血管内皮舒张功能的影响

目的　研究普伐他汀对冠心病高胆固醇血症患者血管内皮依赖性舒张功能的影响。方法　采用高分辨超声技术 ,对 70例冠心病高胆固醇血症患者降脂前后和 70例对照者的血管内皮依赖性舒张功能进行检测。结果　高胆固醇血症组肱动脉血流介导性舒张较正常组明显减弱(P <0 0 0 1 ) ,而二组对硝酸甘油的反应无显著性差异 (P =0 49)。 70例冠心病高胆固醇血症患者服用普伐他汀 1 0mg治疗 (3 8± 0 8)月后 ,血浆总胆固醇从 (6 31± 0 70 )mmol/L降至 (5 0 6± 0 63)mmol/L ,同时肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张较治疗前明显改善 (P <0 0 0 1 ) ,而治疗前后肱动脉对硝酸甘油的反应无显著性改变。结论　冠心病高胆固醇血症患者存在血管内皮依赖性舒张功能障碍 ,经普伐他汀降胆固醇治疗后 ,受损的血管内皮依赖性舒张功能得到明显改善     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.