Dapsone hydroxylamine-mediated alterations in human red blood cells from endometriotic patients

Endometriosis, an estrogen-dependent chronic gynecological disease in women of reproductive age, is characterized by a systemic inflammation status involving also red blood cells (RBCs). In this study, we evaluated how the protein oxidative status could be involved in the worsening of RBC conditions due to dapsone intake in endometriotic women in potential treatment for skin or infection diseases. Blood samples from two groups of volunteers, control group (CG) and endometriosis patient group (PG), were analyzed for their content of band 3 tyrosine phosphorylation (Tyr-P) and high molecular weight aggregate (HMWA) in membranes, and glutathione (GSH) content and carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity in cytosol. In endometriotic patients, RBC showed the highest level of oxidative-related alterations both in membrane and cytosol. More interestingly, the addition of dapsone hydroxylamine (DDS-NHOH) could induce further increase of both membranes and cytosol markers, with an enhancement of CA activity reaching about 66% of the total cell enzyme amount. In conclusion, in PG the systemic inflammatory status leads to the inability of counteracting adjunctive oxidative stress, with a potential involvement of CA-related pathologies, such as glaucoma. Hence, the importance of the evaluation of therapeutic approaches worsening oxidative imbalance present in PG RBC is underlined.     

Paraoxonase-1 is not affected in polycystic ovary syndrome without metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance,but oxidative stress is altered

Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity is decreased in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) having metabolic syndrome (MetS) or insulin resistance (IR). We aimed to assess PON1 activity and oxidative stress in PCOS without MetS or IR. Metabolic and hormonal parameters, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), oxidative stress parameters (total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidative stress (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH), total free sulfhydryl (?SH) groups), PON and arylesterase were analyzed in 30 normal weighed patients with PCOS without MetS or IR and 20 normal controls. Hs-CRP, PON, arylesterase, and TAS levels of PCOS and control groups were similar. LOOH, TOS, and OSI of PCOS group were higher than in the controls (p?<?0.05; p?<?0.001, and p?<?0.001, respectively). ?SH group levels showed a positive correlation with free testosterone (fT). TOS positively correlated with free androgen index (FAI), body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), LOOH, and OSI. This study showed that oxidative stress is increased in PCOS even in the absence of MetS or IR. PON1 activity appears not to be affected in PCOS without MetS and IR. Several metabolic and antropometric risk factors may aggravate this altered oxidative state in PCOS.     

Efficacy of myo-inositol in the treatment of cutaneous disorders in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Background.?Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine cause of hirsutism, acne and pattern alopecia, often characterised by ovulation disorders (usually manifested as oligo- or amenorrhea). In addition, 30–40% of women with PCOS have impaired glucose tolerance, and a defect in the insulin signalling pathway seems to be implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. For this reason, insulin-lowering medications represent novel approach in women with PCOS. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of myo-inositol (MYO), an isoform of inositol, belonging to the vitamin B complex, in the treatment of cutaneous disorders like hirsutism and acne.

Methods.?Fifty patients with PCOS were enrolled in the study. BMI, LH, FSH, insulin, HOMA index, androstenedione, testosterone, free testosterone, hirsutism and acne were evaluated at the baseline and after receiving MYO therapy for 6 months.

Results.?After 3 months of MYO administration, plasma LH, testosterone, free testosterone, insulin and HOMA index resulted significantly reduced; no significant changes were observed in plasma FSH and androstenedione levels. Both hirsutism and acne decreased after 6 months of therapy.

Discussion.?MYO administration is a simple and safe treatment that ameliorates the metabolic profile of patients with PCOS, reducing hirsutism and acne.     

Myo-inositol administration positively affects hyperinsulinemia and hormonal parameters in overweight patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

Objective. To evaluate the effects the administration of myo-inositol (MYO) on hormonal parameters in a group of PCOS patients.

Design. Controlled clinical study.

Setting. PCOS patients in a clinical research environment.

Patients. 20 overweight PCOS patients were enrolled after informed consent.

Interventions. All patients underwent hormonal evaluations and an oral glucose tollerance test (OGTT) before and after 12 weeks of therapy (Group A (n = 10): myo-inositol 2 gr. plus folic acid 200 μg every day; Group B (n = 10): folic acid 200 μg every day). Ultrasound examinations and Ferriman-Gallwey score were also performed.

Main outcome measures. Plasma LH, FSH, PRL, E2, 17OHP, A, T, glucose, insulin, C peptide concentrations, BMI, HOMA index and glucose-to-insulin ratio.

Results. After 12 weeks of MYO administration plasma LH, PRL, T, insulin levels and LH/FSH resulted significantly reduced. Insulin sensitivity, expressed as glucose-to-insulin ratio and HOMA index resulted significantly improved after 12 weeks of treatment. Menstrual cyclicity was restored in all amenorrheic and oligomenorrheic subjects. No changes occurred in the patients treated with folic acid.

Conclusions. Myo-inositol administration improves reproductive axis functioning in PCOS patients reducing the hyperinsulinemic state that affects LH secretion.     

Myo-inositol administration positively effects ovulation induction and intrauterine insemination in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a prospective,controlled, randomized trial

Object?ve: The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of myo-inositol (MYO) on pregnancy rates of patients diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) who undergone controlled ovulation induction and intrauterine insemination (IUI).

Methods: A total of 196 infertile patients diagnosed with PCOS and admitted to Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine were included in the study between March 2013 and May 2016. The patients in group 1 (n?=?98) were given 4?g MYO and 400?μg folic acid before and during ovulation induction. The patients undergone controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) with recombinant FSH and IUI. The patients in group 2 (n?=?98), were given recombinant FSH directly and 400?μg folic acid. The primary outcome measure of this study was the clinical pregnancy rate.

Results: In group 1, 9 patients conceived spontaneous pregnancy. During COH?+?IUI treatment three cycles were canceled in group 1 and 8 cycles in group 2. Total rFSH dose and cycle duration were significantly lower and clinical pregnancy rates were higher in group 1. The pregnancy rate for group 1 was %18.6 and for group 2 was %12.2.

Conclus?ons: This study shows that MYO should be considered in the treatment of infertile PCOS patients. MYO administration increases clinical pregnancy rates, lowers total rFSH dose and the duration of the ovulation induction.     

Differential insulin response to myo-inositol administration in obese polycystic ovary syndrome patients

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by hyperandrogenism, chronic anovulation, polycystic ovaries at ultrasound evaluation, and quite frequently by insulin resistance or compensatory hyperinsulinemia. Attention has been given to the role of inositol-phosphoglycan (IPG) mediators of insulin action and growing evidences suggest that a deficiency of d-chiro-inositol (DCI) containing IPG might be at the basis of insulin resistance, frequent in PCOS patients. On such basis, we investigated the efficacy on insulin sensitivity and hormonal parameters of 8 weeks treatment with myo-inositol (MYO) (Inofert, ItalPharmaco, Milano, Italy) at the dosage of 2 g day in a group (n = 42) of obese PCOS patients,. After the treatment interval body mass index (BMI) and insulin resistance decreased together with luteinizing hormone (LH), LH/FSH and insulin. When subdividing the patients according to their fasting insulin levels, Group A (n = 15) insulin below 12 µU/ml and Group B (n = 27) insulin above 12 µU/ml, MYO treatment induced similar changes in both groups but only patients of Group B showed the significant decrease of both fasting insulin plasma levels (from 20.3 ± 1.8 to 12.9 ± 1.8 µU/ml, p < 0.00001) and of area under the curve (AUC) of insulin under oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). In conclusion, our study supports the hypothesis that MYO administration is more effective in obese patients with high fasting insulin plasma levels.     

The effect of myoinositol on ovarian blood flows in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

To evaluate whether 4 gram myoinositol and 400?mcg folic acid(MYO) therapy has any effects on ovarian stromal blood flow by using pulsed and color Doppler at 3?months follow-up period in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). One-hundred eighty patients were designed into six groups; Group 1: PCOS patients that received OCP containing 30?mcg ethinyl estradiol (EE) plus 3?mg drospirenone (DRP); Group 2: PCOS patients that received MYO; Group 3: PCOS patients that received no medication. Group 4: Healthy patients that received OCP; Group 5: Healthy patients that received MYO; Group 6: Healthy patients that received no medication. Resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) of both ovaries were assessed. There was a significant increase in RI and PI of both ovarian stromal blood flow women with PCOS who received OCP (Group 1, p?<?.001) and MYO (Group 2, p?<?.001). The rate of increment in both RI and PI values were similar for OCP users (Group 1) and MYO users(Group2) in PCOS patients. MYO therapy reduced ovarian vascularization in both PCOS and healthy users after 3?months and this decrease is especially noticeable in women with PCOS compared to healthy women. OCP therapy also reduced ovarian vascularization just like MYO therapy.     

Endocrine and clinical effects of myo-inositol administration in polycystic ovary syndrome. A randomized study

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the effects the administration of myo-inositol (MYO) on hormonal parameters in a group of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients.

Design: Controlled clinical study.

Setting: PCOS patients in a clinical research environment.

Patients: 50 overweight PCOS patients were enrolled after informed consent.

Interventions: All patients underwent hormonal evaluations and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) before and after 12 weeks of therapy (Group A (n¼10): MYO 2?g plus folic acid 200?mg every day; Group B (n¼10): folic acid 200?mg every day). Ultrasound examinations and Ferriman–Gallwey score were also performed.

Main outcome measures: Plasma LH, FSH, PRL, E2, 17OHP, A, T, glucose, insulin, C peptide concentrations, BMI, HOMA index and glucose-to-insulin ratio.

Results: After 12 weeks of MYO administration plasma LH, PRL, T, insulin levels and LH/FSH resulted significantly reduced. Insulin sensitivity, expressed as glucose-to-insulin ratio and HOMA index resulted significantly improved after 12 weeks of treatment. Menstrual cyclicity was restored in all amenorrheic and oligomenorrheic subjects. No changes occurred in the patients treated with folic acid.

Conclusions: MYO administration improves reproductive axis functioning in PCOS patients reducing the hyperinsulinemic state that affects LH secretion.     

High dose of d-chiro-inositol improves oocyte quality in women with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing ICSI: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two doses of d-chiro-inositol (DCI) in combination with Myo-inositol (MYO) on the oocyte quality (OQ) of women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Methods: This was a controlled, randomized, double-blind, parallel group study on 172 oocytes from 11 women. The study compared the effect of two MYO-DCI formulations given over 12?weeks on OQ. Five women received 550?mg of MYO + 300?mg of DCI daily (high DCI content group), while 6 women were given a daily dose of 550?mg of MYO with the only 27.6?mg of DCI (low DCI content group). Results: According to a multivariate analysis using linear mixed effect models, high doses of DCI have a positive influence on the quality of the cytoplasm of the oocyte (β?=?1.631, χ²?=?7.347, d.f.?=?1, p?=?.00672). Zona pellucida, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and sperm reception have also been improved with any combination of MYO/DCI by decreasing testosterone or improving insulin sensitivity, regardless of age and body mass index. Conclusion: The combination of MYO with high doses of DCI improved oocyte cytoplasm quality in women with PCOS undergoing ICSI.     

Infertile polycystic ovary syndrome patients undergoing in vitro fertilization with the gonadotropin-releasing hormone-antagonist protocol: role of hyperandrogenism

This retrospective cohort study is to assess the effects of hyperandrogenism (HA) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-antagonist protocol during in vitro fertilization (IVF). Total 892 infertile Patients between 20 and 35 years of age with normal body mass index (BMI, 18.50 ?24.99 kg/m²), including those with tubal factor infertility (control, n?=?318), PCOS infertility with HA (HA PCOS, n?=?244), and PCOS infertility without HA (non-HA PCOS, n?=?330), were included. Number of retrieved oocytes was significantly higher and total Gonadotropin consumption was significant lower in the HA PCOS group, whereas abortion rate was significantly higher and live birth rate was significantly lower in the HA PCOS group, compared with the control and non-HA PCOS groups. In the HA PCOS group, the number of available embryos tended to be higher with no significance. The GnRH-antagonist protocol is more suitable for HA PCOS patients, with lower cost and more number of embryos available for transfer. Due to the high abortion rate and low live birth rate, a freeze-all approach might be a preferable option for HA PCOS patients so as to create a buffer for reducing androgen levels before transferring freeze-thawed embryos.     

The value of anti-Mullerian hormone in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents

Abstract

A prospective study was carried out in 110 adolescents (13–19 years), 90 patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (study group) and 20 healthy adolescents (control group). The study group was divided into two: Group I – patients without insulin resistance (n?=?30) and Group II – patients with insulin resistance (n?=?60). Group I was treated with oral contraceptives (OCs), while Group II was divided into treatment subgroups of 20 patients each: Subgroup A received OCs; Subgroup B ? myo-inositol; subgroup C – OCs + myo-inositol. Data were analyzed at baseline, 3 and 6 months of treatment. Results showed average anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels were significantly higher in PCOS patients (11.8?±?5.3?ng/ml) than in controls (2.98?±?4.5?ng/ml). After treatment, in Group I and Group II Subgroup A: AMH, luteinizing hormone (LH), free testosterone (FT), total testosterone (T), Ov/v, antral follicle count (AFC), and Ferriman–Gallwey modified scale (mFG) significantly decreased, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), body mass index (BMI) did not change significantly. In Group II Subgroup B only HOMA-IR and BMI significantly decreased; in Subgroup C all the parameters decreased significantly. The correlation between AMH and hormonal, morphological characteristics of ovaries were established. The results indicate that AMH could possibly be a valuable marker for the diagnosis of PCOS in adolescents, and for the assessment of treatment efficacy as well.     

Myoinositol combined with alpha-lipoic acid may improve the clinical and endocrine features of polycystic ovary syndrome through an insulin-independent action

The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of a combined treatment with alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) and myoinositol (MYO) on clinical, endocrine and metabolic features of women affected by polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In this pilot cohort study, forty women with PCOS were enrolled and clinical, hormonal and metabolic parameters were evaluated before and after a six-months combined treatment with ALA and MYO daily. Studied patients experienced a significant increase in the number of cycles in six months (p?p?p?p?p?p相似文献   

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate/free androgen index ratio predicts a favorable metabolic profile in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

Potential effect of hyperandrogenemia on metabolic disturbances in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has always been a matter of interest. We analyzed the records of 125 patients with PCOS and 54 age-matched healthy women. All participants underwent biochemical and hormonal assessment and a 75?g oral glucose tolerance test was performed. PCOS and control groups were comparable in terms of age. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate/free androgen index (DHEAS/FAI) ratio was negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI) (p?<?.001), fasting glucose (p?=?.02), area under the curve (AUC) of glucose (p?=?.03), AUC of insulin (p?=?.001), homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p?<?.001), and triglycerides (TG) (p?=?.009), and positively correlated with insulin sensitivity index (ISI) (p?<?.001) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (p?<?.001) among PCOS patients. In logistic regression analysis, higher DHEAS/FAI ratio levels were associated with lower risk of low HDL-C [RR(95%CI); 0.97(0.95–0.98); p?<?.001] as well as atherogenic dyslipidemia (TG/HDL-C) [RR(95%CI); 0.97(0.94–0.99); p?=?.035] even after adjustment for BMI in the PCOS group. Androgens, DHEAS and FAI act differently on metabolic parameters. Our results demonstrate that high DHEA-S/FAI ratio levels are associated with a more favorable metabolic profile.     

Comparison of the effect of two combinations of myo-inositol and D-chiro-inositol in women with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing ICSI: a randomized controlled trial

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of two doses of D-chiro-inositol (DCI) in combination with Myo-inositol (MYO) in women with PCOS undergoing ICSI. This was a multicenter controlled, randomized, double-blind parallel group study with two MYO-DCI formulations for 12?weeks. The study group (SG) was administered 550?mg of MYO + 150?mg of DCI twice daily; the control group (CG) was administered 550?mg of MYO + 13.8?mg of DCI twice daily. The participants comprised 60 women with PCOS undergoing ICSI. At baseline, no differences were found between the two groups regarding age, BMI, HOMA-IR or testosterone levels. The pregnancy and live birth rates were significantly higher in the SG than in the CG (65.5 vs. 25.9 and 55.2 vs. 14.8, respectively) [risk ratio (RR) = 0.4; 95%CI (0.2, 0.79); p?=?.003 and RR?=?0.27; 95%CI (0.10, 0.70); p?=?.002 respectively]. The risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) was lower in the SG (3.44 vs. 18.5%, p?=?.07). The combination of MYO-DCI at high doses of DCI improves the pregnancy rates and reduces the risk of OHSS in women with PCOS undergoing ICSI.     

HMGB1 is increased in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and decreases after treatment with myo-inositol (MYO) in combination with alpha-lipoic acid (ALA)

Abstract

PCOS treatment should be based on pathophysiology. High-mobility-group-box-1 (HMGB1) was shown to increase in PCOS patients as a consequence of reduced cystic-fibrosis-transmembrane-conductance-regulator (CFTR) expression in the ovary, and was associated with insulin resistance and inflammation, both features of PCOS. Inositols and ALA derivatives could have positive effects on insulin sensitivity, reduce androgens, and improve ovulation rhythm. The aim of this study was to verify changes in HMGB1, in metabolic and endocrine parameters in adolescents with PCOS compared with controls and after treatment with a combination of MYO?+?ALA. Twenty-three PCOS adolescents and 21 controls matched for age and BMI were enrolled. In all subjects, metabolic and hormonal parameters were assayed. Homeostatic index (HOMA-IR) and the triglyceride/HDL-cholesterol ratio were calculated. Ovarian volumes were evaluated. Patients were treated with MYO?+?ALA for 6?months. HMGB1 was measured using a specific ELISA assay. HMGB1 was increased in PCOS compared with controls (19.76?±?5.99 versus 5.65?±?1.88?ng/ml; p?<?.05) and normalized after treatment (2.27?±?0.36?ng/ml, p?<?.05). Treatment significantly reduced insulin (24.0?±?4.11 versus 12.13?±?2.13 uU/ml), HOMA-IR (3.91?±?0.41 versus 2.42?±?0.45), and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (1.20?±?0.15 versus 0.78?±?0.11?ng/ml). Cholesterol, luteinizing hormone, 17-β-estradiol, delta 4-androstenedione, and testosterone were unchanged. Circulating HMGB1 was increased in PCOS adolescents, and treatment was effective in normalizing HMGB1.     

The association between the environmental endocrine disruptor bisphenol A and polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: To investigate the association between bisphenol A (BPA) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis using STATA software for observational studies.

Results: Nine studies involving 493 PCOS patients and 440 controls were included in this review. The meta-analysis demonstrated that PCOS patients had significantly higher BPA levels compared with control groups (standardized mean difference (SMD): 2.437, 95% confidence interval (CI): (1.265, 3.609), p?p?p?=?.002), high quality (SMD: 0.624, 95% CI: (0.391, 0.856), p?p?=?.008).

Conclusions: Serum BPA may be positively associated with women with PCOS and BPA might be involved in the insulin-resistance and hyperandrogenism of PCOS. More evidence from high quality studies, advanced detection methods, and larger cohorts for observational trials are needed to further confirm the association between BPA and PCOS.     

Linoleic and arachidonic acid in perinatal asphyxia and prematurity

Objectives. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) are important for fetal and infant growth and development. The effects of prematurity and perinatal asphyxia on the levels of linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic acid (AA) in plasma and red blood cell (RBC) membranes were investigated.

Methods. Fifty-five neonates were studied: 18 full term neonates with perinatal asphyxia (group A), nine preterm neonates (group B), and 28 healthy term neonates (group C). Non-esterified and total levels of LA and AA in plasma and RBC membranes were estimated using gas chromatography within the first day of life. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured using the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reactivity method.

Results. Compared to group C, statistically significant lower levels of plasma free and total AA and free LA were observed in group A, whereas statistically significant higher levels of RBC total LA and AA were observed in RBC membranes of group B. A negative correlation between MDA and LC-PUFA levels was found.

Conclusion. Perinatal asphyxia is associated with a reduction in LC-PUFA levels, most likely as a result of increased oxidative stress. Premature infants soon after birth have higher LC-PUFA levels than term neonates, probably reflecting the overall metabolic activity and/or intrauterine transport of LC-PUFA.     

Polycystic ovary syndrome: a biopsychosocial understanding in young women to improve knowledge and treatment options

Aim.?To assess psychological features in young women with and without PCOS.

Methods.?Observational, cross-sectional pilot study in young women aged 18–25 with (n?=?24) or without (n?=?22) PCOS (age: 22.41?±?0.39 vs. 21.95?±?0.47 years, p?=?0.46; BMI: 29.17?±?1.54 vs. 22.05?±?0.83?kg/m², p?=?0.0003). The main outcome measures were quality of life, anxiety, depression, risk perception and fears on future health.

Results.?Women with PCOS demonstrated worsened quality of life (p?=?0.033) and greater anxiety (p?=?0.01) and depression (p?=?0.023) than women without PCOS related to BMI status. Women with PCOS were more likely to perceive themselves as at risk of obesity (p?=?0.012) and infertility (p?<?0.0001), and perceived greater importance in reducing future risk of prediabetes (p?=?0.027), gestational diabetes (p?=?0.039), type 2 diabetes (p?=?0.01), heart disease (p?=?0.005), obesity (p?=?0.0007) and infertility (p?=?0.023) than women without PCOS. Women with PCOS were more likely to have fears about future health related to weight gain (p?=?0.045), loss of femininity (p?=?0.035), loss of sexuality (p?=?0.003) and infertility (p?=?0.019) than women without PCOS.

Conclusions.?Worsened quality of life, anxiety and depression in young women with PCOS is related to BMI. Risk perception is appropriately high in PCOS, yet perceived risks of future metabolic complications are less common than those related to weight gain and infertility.     

Comparison of myo-inositol and metformin on mental health parameters and biomarkers of oxidative stress in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial

Introduction: Data on comparison of myo-inositol and metformin on mental health parameters and biomarkers of oxidative stress in subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are scarce. This purpose of this study was to compare of myo-inositol and metformin on mental health parameters and biomarkers of oxidative stress in subjects with PCOS.

Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted among 60 subjects diagnosed with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria. Subjects were randomly assigned into two groups to intake either myo-inositol (n?=?30) or metformin (n?=?30) for 12?weeks. Parameters of mental health were recorded at baseline and after the 12-week intervention. Fasting blood samples were obtained at baseline and the end of the study to determine biomarkers of biomarkers of oxidative stress.

Results: After the 12-week intervention, changes in beck depression inventory total score (?1.0?±?1.7 vs. ?0.3?±?0.7, p?=?0.03), general health questionnaire scores (?1.7?±?2.9 vs. ?0.5?±?1.2, p?=?0.02), depression anxiety and stress scale scores (?3.9?±?6.4 vs. ?0.9?±?1.9, p?=?0.01) and plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) concentrations (+106.1?±?69.6 vs. +2.1?±?132.4?mmol/L, p?<?0.001) in the myo-inositol group were significantly different from the changes in these indicators in the metformin group. Myo-inositol supplementation for 12?weeks among patients with PCOS did not affect plasma glutathione and malondialdehyde levels.

Conclusions: Overall, our data supported that myo-inositol supplementation for 12?weeks among patients with PCOS had favorable effects on parameters of mental health and plasma TAC levels.     

Serum free fatty acid levels in PCOS patients treated with glucophage,magnesium oxide and spironolactone

Abstract

To assess the effect of glucophage, magnesium oxide and spironolactone in altering free fatty acids (FFAs), 36 PCOS women were randomly divided into three groups. Group 1 (n?=?14) was treated with 500?mg glucophage po bid, group 2 (n?=?10) was treated with 400?mg magnesium oxide po bid and group 3 (n?=?12) was treated with 50?mg spironolactone po bid for 12 weeks. A glucose tolerance test with 75?g glucose load was performed before and after treatment, collecting blood at 0, 1 and 2?h for insulin, glucose, FFA and aldosterone. Amount of FFA before and after treatment were compared by repeated measure ANOVA and represented as area under the curve. FFA levels before treatment were 0.83?±?0.23, 0.77?±?0.15 and 0.85?±?0.28 and after treatment were 0.77?±?0.48, 0.71?±?0.18 and 0.66?±?0.25 for glucophage, magnesium oxide and spironolactone-treated patients, respectively. The FFA levels were unchanged in the groups treated with glucophage and magnesium oxide but were significantly (p?<?0.03) decreased in the group treated with spironolactone. Since FFAs are known to be involved in the development of insulin resistance, these results suggest that spironolactone may be useful for lowering insulin resistance in PCOS patients.