腹腔镜麻醉方法与胃肠功能变化的相关性研究

目的 :探讨腹腔镜手术不同麻醉方法对胃肠功能的影响。方法 :随机选择腹腔镜胆囊切除患者76例 ,术中采取硬膜外麻醉 38例 ,异氟醚吸入静脉复合全身麻醉 38例 ,观察 2组患者围手术期胃电图的变化。结果 :硬膜外麻醉行腹腔镜手术的患者术后 6h胃电图正常波所占百分比及平均幅度与术前差异无显著性 ;全身麻醉行腹腔镜手术患者术后 6h胃电图正常波所占百分比与术前差异无显著性 ;而胃电基本波的平均幅度与术前差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ;两组患者术后 2 4h胃电正常波所占百分比及平均幅度基本恢复正常。结论 :腹腔镜手术麻醉的选取与术后胃肠功能的恢复有一定的相关性 ,硬膜外麻醉对胃肠功能的影响程度好于全身麻醉     

胆囊切除术后胃电图及胃肠道压力变化

目的探讨腹部手术后胃肠运动功能障碍的机理。方法对２２例胆囊切除患者行手术前后胃电图描记,并对其中１７例行术后胃窦、十二指肠和空肠测压。结果术后当天胃电正常波所占百分比、术后胃电幅度均较术前有显著意义的降低（Ｐ＜００１）;术后胃窦部移行性运动复合波（ＭＭＣ）Ⅲ期最早出现于十二指肠,胃窦出现最晚,次数最少;术后胃窦ＭＭＣⅢ期平均压力和收缩曲线面积明显小于十二指肠和空肠,差异有显著意义（Ｐ＜００５）。结论腹部手术后胃肠运动功能障碍与胃电幅度降低密切相关;术后胃窦部ＭＭＣⅢ期恢复明显落后于十二指肠和空肠,这是胃排空障碍的重要原因。     

内镜联合腹腔镜治疗胆囊结石合并肝外胆管结石

目的 :探讨运用内镜联合腹腔镜治疗肝外胆管结石的方法。方法 :对胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者 ,5 1例行开腹胆囊切除 +胆总管探查术 ,4 0例行内镜下十二指肠乳头切开取石术 (EST) +腹腔镜胆囊切除术 (LC) ,比较两者临床疗效、住院时间、并发症等。结果 :开腹组术中结石取净率为 88 2 % ,住院时间为2 1.9± 7.2d ,术后并发切口感染 1例。内镜组中有 2例取石失败 ,改行开腹 ,余均取石成功 ,取石成功率为95 % ,住院时间为 10 3± 4 5d ,无严重并发症。结论 :与传统的开腹胆囊切除加胆总管探查术相比 ,EST +LC治疗胆囊结石合并肝外胆管结石具有创伤小、住院时间短、患者康复快、并发症少等优点 ,此种方法可代替大部分开腹胆囊切除术加胆总管探查术     

腹腔镜下胆囊十二指肠内瘘的诊治(附18例报告)

目的:探讨胆囊十二指肠内瘘诊断方法及腹腔镜下胆囊十二指肠内瘘修补术的可行性。方法:回顾分析2008年3月至2015年12月18例腹腔镜下胆囊十二指肠内瘘修补术患者的临床资料。结果:18例患者均于术中明确诊断,腹腔镜手术14例,中转开腹4例,18例均治愈。14例腹腔镜下胆囊十二指肠内瘘修补术患者术后5～23 d(M=9 d)开始进流质饮食,术后3～22 d(M=5 d)开始拔负压球,手术时间90～235 min,平均(166±59)min;住院8～30 d(M=13 d),术后住院5～27 d(M=10 d)。1例术后肠瘘经充分引流、抗感染及肠外营养支持等治疗痊愈,随访未见十二指肠狭窄。4例中转患者中合并胆囊胆管内瘘2例,中转开腹行胆道镜探查术后,1例行胆囊切除+胆管探查+胆管一期缝合术,另1例行胆囊切除+胆管探查+T管引流术;1例因瘘口较大中转开腹行胃空肠Roux-en-Y术;1例中转开腹行胆囊十二指肠内瘘修补术。术后2例切口感染,经换药治愈。结论:选择性地开展腹腔镜下胆囊十二指肠内瘘修补术是安全、可行的。     

腹腔镜下胆囊十二指肠内瘘的诊治

目的:探讨胆囊十二指肠内瘘诊断方法及腹腔镜下胆囊十二指肠内瘘修补术的可行性.方法:回顾分析2008年3月至2015年12月18例腹腔镜下胆囊十二指肠内瘘修补术患者的临床资料.结果:18例患者均于术中明确诊断,腹腔镜手术14例,中转开腹4例,18例均治愈.14例腹腔镜下胆囊十二指肠内瘘修补术患者术后5~23 d(M=9 d)开始进流质饮食,术后3~22 d(M=5 d)开始拔负压球,手术时间90~235 min,平均(166±59)min;住院8~30 d(M=13 d),术后住院5~27 d(M=10 d).1例术后肠瘘经充分引流、抗感染及肠外营养支持等治疗痊愈,随访未见十二指肠狭窄.4例中转患者中合并胆囊胆管内瘘2例,中转开腹行胆道镜探查术后,1例行胆囊切除+胆管探查+胆管一期缝合术,另1例行胆囊切除+胆管探查+T管引流术;1例因瘘口较大中转开腹行胃空肠Roux-en-Y术;1例中转开腹行胆囊十二指肠内瘘修补术.术后2例切口感染,经换药治愈.结论:选择性地开展腹腔镜下胆囊十二指肠内瘘修补术是安全、可行的.     

腹腔镜直肠癌前切除对患者机体免疫功能的影响

目的探讨腹腔镜和开腹直肠癌前切除对患者机体免疫功能的影响.方法2004年4月-2005年6月,我科行开腹和腹腔镜直肠癌前切除38例,腹腔镜组18例,开腹组20例.采用流式细胞仪测定外周血中CD3、CD4、CD8、NK细胞的百分比,采用免疫速率散射比浊法测定免疫球蛋白(IgA、M、G)以及补体C3、C4,以评定患者的免疫功能.结果患者术后24 h、96 h,开腹组和腹腔镜组CD3、CD4、CD8、血清免疫球蛋白及补体C3、C4同术前相比差异均无显著性.NK细胞,腹腔镜组术后24 h、96 h同术前相比差异无显著性,而开腹组明显低于术前.结论与开腹手术相比,腹腔镜下直肠癌前切除对患者NK细胞的影响少.     

腹腔镜与开腹胆囊切除术机体氧化应激反应及细胞免疫变化的比较

比较腹腔镜与开腹胆囊切除术患者机体氧化应激反应、细胞免疫水平的变化。回顾性分析2015年1月—2016年12月在本院行胆囊切除手术治疗的51例患者的临床资料。其中腹腔镜胆囊切除手术27例(腹腔镜组)、传统开腹手术24例(开腹组),比较两组患者手术前后不同时间的机体应激反应、细胞免疫水平。术后即刻腹腔镜组患者的MDA水平显著高于开腹组(P0.05)、SOD水平显著低于开腹组(P0.05);术后24 h腹腔镜组患者的MDA水平显著低于开腹组(P0.05)、SOD水平显著高于开腹组(P0.05)。术后24、72 h,腹腔镜组患者的CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+水平显著高于开腹组(P0.05);术后24 h腹腔镜组患者的RCRR显著高于开腹组(P0.05)。腹腔镜胆囊切除术后患者免疫水平、应激水平恢复速度较开腹组快速。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术对机体免疫球蛋白、补体及CRP的影响

目的 :研究腹腔镜胆囊切除术 (LC)和开腹胆囊切除术 (OC)对机体免疫功能的影响。方法 :检测LC 2 0例和OC 18例患者入院次日、术后 2 4h和 4 8h的IgG、IgA、IgM和补体C3、C4 及C 反应蛋白质 (CRP)含量并进行对照研究。结果 :LC组免疫球蛋白及补体水平手术前后无变化 ,OC组术后血清IgG和C3低于术前水平 ,两组间差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) ,但OC组术后下降幅度比LC组大 ,两组间差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。两组术后CRP均明显升高 ,而OC组术后改变明显高于LC组 ,两组间差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :LC和OC术后早期免疫功能均在一定程度上被抑制 ,但LC组的免疫抑制程度较OC组轻 ,恢复快 ,表明LC对机体的创伤较小 ,是微创手术     

腹腔镜与经腹鞘膜内子宫切除术的临床对照分析

目的 :探讨腹腔镜鞘膜内子宫切除术的优越性及临床应用价值。方法 :15 2例行腹腔镜鞘膜内子宫切除术 (腹腔镜组 ) ,与同期 138例经腹鞘膜内子宫切除术 (开腹组 )进行比较。结果 :腹腔镜组平均手术时间 86 6 7± 18 89min ,术中平均出血量 12 4 5 3± 5 3 2 2ml ;对照组平均手术时间 83 5 0± 14 72min ,术中平均出血量 114 4 2± 5 0 36ml,两组差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。腹腔镜组术后排气时间为 2 6 80± 4 6 3h ,术后最高体温为 37 5 1± 0 33℃ ,术后住院天数为 4 0 2± 0 89d ;开腹组术后排气时间为 32 4 6± 6 2 3h ,术后最高体温为 38 0 9± 0 2 9℃ ,术后住院天数为 5 96± 1 0 3d ,两组差异有高度显著性 (P <0 0 0 1)。术后病率 ,腹腔镜组无 1例 ,开腹组 7例 (5 % )。腹腔镜组 1例膀胱损伤 ,镜下修补 ,开腹组无损伤。结论 :腹腔镜鞘膜内子宫切除术具有腹壁创伤小 ,术中出血少 ,术后康复快及并发症少等优点 ,是较理想的子宫切除术式     

腹腔镜与剖腹手术治疗早期子宫颈癌37例临床分析

目的　探讨腹腔镜手术治疗早期子宫颈癌的价值。　方法　对 18例临床Ⅰb～Ⅱa 期宫颈癌施行腹腔镜下广泛全子宫切除和盆腔淋巴结清扫术 (腹腔镜组 ) ,其中Ⅰb 期 17例 ,Ⅱa1例。同期 19例早期子宫颈癌行开腹广泛全子宫切除和盆腔淋巴结清扫术 (剖腹组 ) ,比较两种术式的手术时间、术中出血量、术后恢复情况及手术并发症等。　结果　腹腔镜组平均手术时间 (2 72 8min± 80 3min)与开腹组 (2 2 6 5min± 6 6 8min)无明显统计学差异 (t=1 92 1,P =0 0 6 3)。腹腔镜组平均切除淋巴结 15 6± 5 1个 ,开腹组 16 8± 5 7个 ,两组比较差异无显著性 (t=0 6 74 ,P =0 5 0 5 )。腹腔镜组术后肠道功能恢复时间较开腹组明显缩短 (34 2hvs.6 0 7h ,P <0 0 1)。两组均无严重并发症发生。腹腔镜组术后并发症发生率为 33 3% (6 18) ,开腹组为 31 6 % (6 19) ,两组差异无显著性 (P =0 812 )。　结论　腹腔镜与剖腹手术都可作为子宫颈癌根治术的术式之一 ,腹腔镜手术具有创伤小 ,术后恢复快等优点。     

腹腔镜与开腹胆囊切除术后胃肠动力恢复的对比研究

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除与开腹胆囊切除术后胃肠动力恢复情况。方法 通过测定血浆胃动素,血清胃泌素,胃电图振幅,频率及术后肠鸣音恢复时间,肛门排气时间等几项指标联合观察了３０例腹腔镜胆囊切除患者及１８例开腹胆囊切除患者。结果 腹腔镜胆囊切除术组患者手术前后胃动素,胃泌素,胃电图振幅,频率的差异无显著意义,开腹胆囊切除术后第１,２天胃动素,胃泌素,胃电图振幅,频率与术胶及腹腔镜胆囊切除术组相比差异有显     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术对机体免疫功能的影响

目的：比较腹腔镜与开腹胆囊切除术对机体免疫功能的影响。方法：随机将有胆囊切除手术指征的80例患者分为2组,腹腔镜胆囊切除组（laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC组）和开腹胆囊切除组（open cholecystectomy,OC组）各40例,测定并比较手术前后IgG、IgM、IgA,补体C3、C4水平及CD3^＋（T细胞总数）、CD4^＋（T辅助/诱导细胞）和CD8^＋的数量。结果：两组IgM、IgA、C4手术前后均无明显变化,两组间差异无统计学意义。LC组术后1d IgG、C3较术前有所下降,术后3d恢复至术前水平;OC组术后1d IgG、C3明显低于术前水平,术后5d恢复至术前水平;组间比较,OC组术后IgG、C3下降明显。LC组T淋巴细胞亚群手术前后差异无统计学意义,OC组术后1d CD3^＋、CD4^＋、CD8^＋与术前比较明显降低,术后5d恢复至术前水平;组间比较,术后1d、3d OC组CD3^＋、CD4^＋、CD8^＋均明显低于LC组。结论：腹腔镜手术对机体的免疫功能影响小,术后恢复快。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除围手术期创伤应激、酸碱平衡和能量代谢

目的　研究腹腔镜胆囊切除术 (LC)围手术期创伤应激激素水平、C反应蛋白和机体能量代谢与开腹胆囊切除术 (OC)的差异。　方法　慢性结石性胆囊炎患者 2 6例 (LC组 14例 ,OC组 12例 ) ,于术前 1d、术后 1d和 3d晨分别检测血C 反应蛋白 (CRP)、生长激素、皮质醇和胰岛素。同时测定静息能量消耗 (REE)和呼吸商 (RQ)。　结果　胰岛素在OC患者术后第 3天与术前比较有明显下降。生长激素、C 反应蛋白和皮质醇上升在OC术后明显高于LC(P <0 0 5 )。 2组患者静息能量消耗(REE)术后较术前显著增加 ,而术后OC患者REE明显高于LC患者 (P <0 0 5 )。 2组患者呼吸商(RQ)术后比较术前均有显著下降。LC组动脉血氧分压与氧饱和度术后 1d明显下降 ,第 3天恢复。LC组术后 3dBE明显高于OC组。　结论　腹腔镜手术创伤小 ,应激水平低 ,对患者代谢影响小 ,有益于机体应激激素、氮平衡和能量代谢的恢复。气腹可以引起体内酸血症和肺血灌流不足。     

腹腔镜及大小切口胆囊切除术创伤反应对比研究

目的:从经腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)、小切口胆囊切除术(MC)、传统的胆囊切除术(OC)对机体的创伤反应程度及术后恢复角度出发,探讨胆囊切除术的未来趋势 。方法:对159例良性慢性胆囊疾病需择期行胆囊切除术、术前肝功、肾功、血糖、血尿常规正常且无其他重要脏器疾病者,随机分为LC组53例、MC组53例、OC组53例,在全麻下完成手术,术前、术毕、术后1日至3日,每日早晨作血白细胞计数、血糖、体温监测,记录切口长度、术中出血量、手术时间、术后肛门排气时间和腹腔引流液量 。结果:158例按组完成手术,LC组1例因胆囊三角粘连严重而中转OC,中转率为1.9%。159例病人均顺利恢复。手术时间、失血量、切口长度、术毕血糖升高均为LC组小于MC组(P<0.01)、MC组小于OC组(P<0.01),白细胞增加、体温升高从术毕至术后3日,LC组小于MC组(P<0.05)、MC组小于OC组(P<0.01)。术后肛门排气时间、住院时间LC组短于MC组(P<0.01)、MC组短于OC组(P<0.05),腹腔引流液LC组少于OC组(P<0.05) 。结论:从创伤程度与术后恢复角度上看,LC优于MC,MC优于OC,微创胆囊切除术已成为良性慢性胆囊疾病的首选术式,但不能完全代替开腹胆囊切除术。     

Postoperative cell mediated immune response is better preserved after laparoscopic vs open colorectal resection in humans

BACKGROUND: Animal studies have documented significantly better preserved postoperative cell-mediated immune function, as measured by serial delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) challenges, after laparoscopic-assisted than after open bowel resection. Similarly, in humans, the DTH responses after open cholecystectomy have been shown to be significantly smaller than preoperative responses; whereas after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, no significant change in DTH response has been noted. The purpose of this study was to assess cell-mediated immune function via serial DTH skin testing in patients undergoing laparoscopic or open colectomy. METHODS: A total of 35 subjects underwent either laparoscopic (n = 18) or open colectomy (n = 17) in this prospective but not randomized study. Only patients who were judged to be immunoresponsive by virtue of having responded successfully to a preoperative DTH challenge were eligible for entry in the study. DTH challenges were carried out at three time points in all patients: preoperatively, immediately following surgery, and on the third postoperative day (POD 3). Responses were measured 48 h after each challenge and the area of induration calculated. There were no significant differences between the laparoscopic (LC) and open (OC) colorectal resection groups in regard to demographics, indications for surgery, or type of resection carried out. The percentage of patients transfused was similar in both groups (17%, LC; 12% OC; p = NS). In the LC group, all cases were completed without conversion using minimally invasive methods. There were no perioperative deaths, and the rate of postoperative complications was similar in both groups. The preoperative and postoperative DTH results were analyzed and compared within each surgical group using several methods. RESULTS: In regards to the OC group results, the median sum-total DTH responses for the day of surgery challenges (0.44 +/- 69 cm2) and the POD 3 challenges (0.72 +/- 3.37 cm2) were significantly smaller than the preoperative results (3.61 +/- 3.83 cm2, p <0.0005 vs op day and p <0.0003 vs POD 3 results). When the LC group results were similarly analyzed, no significant difference in DTH response was noted between the pre- and the postoperative challenge results. Additionally, when the median percent change from baseline was calculated and considered for the OC group's DTH results, both postoperative challenge time points demonstrated significantly decreased responses when compared to their preoperative results (vs day of surgery, p <0.007; vs POD 3, p <0.006). Similar analysis of the LC group's results yielded nonsignificant differences between the pre- and postoperative responses. Lastly, when the LC and the OC groups median percent change from baseline results were directly compared for each of the postoperative challenges, a significant difference was noted for the POD 0 challenge (LC, -21%; OC 88%; p <0.004) but not for the POD 3 challenge. CONCLUSIONS: The postoperative DTH responses of the open surgery patients were significantly smaller than their preoperative responses. This was not the case for the laparoscopic group (a combination of fully laparoscopic and laparoscopic-assisted resections). When the open and laparoscopic groups results are directly compared, regarding the results of the day of surgery DTH challenges, the LC groups median percent change from baseline was significantly less than that observed in the OC group. These results imply that open colorectal resection is associated with a significant suppression of cell-mediated immune response postoperatively, whereas in this study laparoscopic colorectal resection was not. Further human studies are needed to verify these findings and to determine the clinical significance, if any, of this temporary difference in immune function following colon resection.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术对机体就激反应的影响

目的 研究腹腔镜胆囊切除术对机体应激反应的影响。方法 将70例胆囊炎、胆囊结石患者随机分成腹腔镜胆囊切除组（LC）和开腹胆囊切除组（OC）。术前和术后第1,3,5,7d采集外周静脉血,测定白细胞介素1β（IL-1β）,肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）,白细胞介素6（IL－6）和C－反应蛋白（CRP）。结果 两组手术前后IL－1β和TNF-α均无明显差异（P＞0．05）,两组间手术前后比较也无明显差异（P＞0．05）;两组手术后IL－6第1d升至最高,与术前及术后第3,5,7d比较有高度显著差异（P＜0．01）而术前与术后第3,5,7d比较无显著差异（P＞0．05）,两组之间比较亦无显著差异（P＞0．05）;两组手术后CRP第1,3,5d均较术前有明显升高（P＜0．05）,以术后第1和第3d升高最明显,而两组之间比较无显著差异（P＞0．05）。结论 LC对机体应激反应与OC相比没有明显差异。     

Changes in liver function tests after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: not so rare, not always ominous

The incidental findings of increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) after uneventful laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) prompted us to investigate the incidence and the clinical significance of this phenomenon. Changes in liver function test after LC (n = 55) were compared with those after OC (n = 16). Liver function tests were obtained preoperatively and postoperatively on days 1, 2, and 7. All of the patients fulfilled the selection criteria: normal preoperative liver function test and no endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, common bile duct exploration, or postoperative biliary complications (injury, infection, or obstruction). Converted cholecystectomies were also excluded. During LC, the intra-abdominal pressure was maintained within the conventional range of 14 to 15 mm Hg. ALT had doubled in the first 48 hours from the preoperative mean in 58.2 per cent in LC patients versus only 6.3 per cent in the OC group. AST doubled from the preoperative mean value in 38.2 per cent in the LC group versus only 6.3 per cent in the OC group. By the 7th postoperative day, the enzymes returned to the preoperative values in both the LC and the OC group. In many instances, a significant increase in ALT and AST blood levels occurred after uneventful LC. The phenomenon is transient as these enzymes returned to normal value within 7 days. These changes are clinically silent in patients with a normal liver function.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术与开腹胆囊切除术对肝功能影响的比较研究

目的 对腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）与开腹胆囊切除术（OC）手术前后肝功能的临床资料进行对比研究，旨在观察术后肝功能变化规律及两种术式对肝功能的影响有无差异，并为今后手术病例及术式选择提供依据。方法 选择胆囊良性病变且肝功能正常需行胆囊切除术者作为研究对象。将30例病人分为LC组和OC组，并分别按开放法或腹腔镜方法实施胆囊切除术。术前、术后第1、3、7天，分别取空腹外周静脉血测定肝功能指标，包括ALT、AST、TBIL、DBIL、GGT、ALB、ALP。结果 两组病人年龄构成及术前肝功能无显著差异，LC与OC术后各项指标变化趋势相同。LC与OC术后血清ALT、AST、TBIL均较术前升高；上述指标术后第3天即明显下降，至术后第7天达正常水平，且所有病人术后顺利恢复。LC与OC术后血清ALB均有下降，血清DBIL、GGT、ALP均无显著变化。结论 本研究结果表明：（1）LC与OC对肝功能均有影响，但仅为一过性现象，不影响病人恢复；（2）在全麻下，腹腔内气腹压力为12～15mmHg时，LC对肝功能的影响与OC相比无显著性差异，说明在此情况下施行LC是安全的。