微创经椎间孔入路腰椎椎间融合术治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄的短期疗效及对腰椎功能的影响

目的? 探究微创经椎间孔入路腰椎椎间融合术(MIS-TLIF)联合椎弓根螺钉内固定术(PSF)治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄患者疗效及对腰椎功能和并发症的影响。方法 以2020年1月~2022年6月79例退行性腰椎管狭窄患者为研究对象,根据手术方法的不同将其分为微创组(行MIS-TLIF联合PSF术治疗,41例)及开放组(开放TLIF术治疗,38例)。比较两组手术疗效、手术相关指标、腰椎功能、疼痛程度及影像学指标。结果? 微创组、开放TLIF术组手术优良率、有效率分别为80.49%、97.56%vs76.32%、97.37%,组间对比无明显差异(P>0.05);微创组手术时间长于开放组,切口长度短于开放组,术中出血量及术后引流量少于开放组(P<0.05);微创组术后JOA评分、ODI评分及术后1d、3d及术后7d的VAS评分低于开放组(P<0.05)。结论? MIS-TLIF联合PSF术治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄的临床疗效较好,可减轻患者术后疼痛,并有助于其腰椎功能恢复。     

经皮椎弓根固定结合Quadrant系统下经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合技术微创治疗腰椎退行性疾病的初步研究

目的初步探讨Sextant系统下经皮双侧椎弓根螺钉固定,结合Quadrant系统下经后路单侧经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合技术(TLIF)治疗成人腰椎退行性疾病的手术经验,比较本方法与传统开放TLIF手术的临床效果。方法选择2009年10月至2010年12月41例腰椎退行性疾病患者,分别采用Sextant系统经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定,结合Quadrant系统下椎管减压、椎间植骨融合手术(21例,微创组)和传统开放TLIF手术(20例,开放组),并进行对照研究。结果两组术中和术后显示内固定和融合器位置均良好。两组相比,手术时间、术中出血量、平均下地时间、术后使用止痛药的比例差异具有统计学意义(P均<0.01);术后1年随访ODI改善率、临床疗效评定差异有统计学意义,微创组优于开放组(P均<0.01)。结论采用经皮椎弓根固定结合Quadrant系统下TLIF治疗腰椎退行性疾病,手术操作方便、安全、微创,效果良好。     

微小切口与经椎间孔腰椎融合治疗腰椎退行性病的Meta分析

背景：大量研究已证实微小切口与开放经椎间孔腰椎椎间融合治疗单节段和多节段腰椎退行性疾病均有较好的疗效,但两种治疗方法的优劣目前尚无定论。目的：系统评价微小切口与开放经椎间孔腰椎椎间融合治疗腰椎退行性疾病的疗效及安全性。方法：计算机检索The Cochrane Library（2014年第2期）、PubMed、EMbase、MEDLINE、SCI、CNKI、CBM、WanFang Data,检索时限为到2014年2月;收集采用微小切口与开放经椎间孔腰椎椎间融合治疗腰椎退行性疾病的随机或非随机同期对照试验。由2名评价者按照纳入与排除标准选择试验、提取资料和评价质量后,采用RevMan 5.2软件进行Meta分析。结果与结论：纳入1个随机对照试验,18个非随机对照试验,共1 400例患者。Meta分析结果显示,与传统开放经椎间孔腰椎椎间融合相比,微小切口经椎间孔腰椎椎间融合具有椎旁肌损伤小,出血量少,住院时间短,早期疗效好,腰痛远期缓解率高等优点;但是微小切口经椎间孔腰椎椎间融合在改善远期运动功能,远期腿痛缓解率,减少并发症方面并不优于开放经椎间孔腰椎椎间融合治疗;且手术时间更长。因此,在严格掌握适应证的前提下,采用微小切口经椎间孔腰椎椎间融合能较好解决腰椎退行性疾病患者的病痛。由于纳入研究数量和质量存在局限性,上述结论仍需大样本、高质量的随机对照试验进一步验证。临床应根据患者的具体情况,综合评估病情,选择最佳治疗方案。     

Current concepts on spinal arthrodesis in degenerative disorders of the lumbar spine

Back pain is a common chronic disorder that represents a large burden for the health care system. There is a broad spectrum of available treatment options for patients suffering from chronic lower back pain in the setting of degenerative disorders of the lumbar spine, including both conservative and operative approaches. Lumbar arthrodesis techniques can be divided into sub-categories based on the part of the vertebral column that is addressed (anterior vs posterior). Furthermore, one has to differentiate between approaches aiming at a solid fusion in contrast to motion-sparing techniques with the proposed advantage of a reduced risk of developing adjacent disc disease. However, the field of application and long-term outcomes of these novel motion-preserving surgical techniques, including facet arthroplasty, nucleus replacement, and lumbar disc arthroplasty, need to be more precisely evaluated in long-term prospective studies. Innovative surgical treatment strategies involving minimally invasive techniques, such as lateral lumbar interbody fusion or transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion, as well as percutaneous implantation of transpedicular or transfacet screws, have been established with the reported advantages of reduced tissue invasiveness, decreased collateral damage, reduced blood loss, and decreased risk of infection. The aim of this study was to review well-established procedures for lumbar spinal fusion with the main focus on current concepts on spinal arthrodesis and motion-sparing techniques in degenerative disorders of the lumbar spine.     

微创技术治疗腰椎管狭窄症的研究进展

对于间歇性跛行、神经根性疼痛症状明显以及影像学诊断明确的腰椎管狭窄患者,手术减压是有效且可以使患者长期受益的治疗措施。近年来,随着脊柱微创外科技术的不断发展,微创减压治疗腰椎管狭窄症的方法也在进步。与传统手术相比,微创减压手术有创伤小、恢复快等优势,但也存在其局限性。本文总结了微创技术治疗腰椎管狭窄症的现状与进展。     

Quadrant减压sextant内固定治疗退变性腰椎失稳症与开放TILF临床对比分析

目的比较Quadrant系统下TLIF与传统开放手术治疗腰椎退变性失稳临床疗效。方法随机取本院2006年10月~2012年4月腰椎滑脱症患者60例,随机分为两组:微创组(Quadrant系统下手术)与开放组,于围术期分别记录两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量及输血量;术后3个月、半年采用Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)进行疗效评估,计算改善率,并于椎间融合后4~6个月进行疗效评定。结果微创组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量及术后输血量均明显少于开放组,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。两组术后3个月改善率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后1年改善率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后微创组疗效显著优于开放组(P<0.05)。结论 Quadrant通道下减压sextant内固定治疗退变性腰椎失稳症疗效优于传统开放手术,是临床上可供选择的一种微创新术式。     

MAST QUADRANT可扩张管下单侧椎弓根钉置入与椎体间融合治疗腰椎退变性疾病

背景：腰椎后路椎体间融合治疗腰椎退变性疾病,能够恢复椎间隙高度、维持腰椎生理前凸、提供腰椎的即刻稳定性及取得较高的椎间骨性融合率。目的：验证运用MAST QUADRANT可扩张管通道微创系统行单侧椎弓根钉置入并椎体间融合治疗腰椎退变性疾病的适应证及有效性。方法：在3.0cm的微创切口内放置MAST QUADRANT可扩张管,应用单侧椎弓根钉内固定加椎体间融合治疗腰椎退变性疾病患者32例。结果与结论：患者置入内固过程中未发生硬膜囊撕裂、神经根和大血管等副损伤。随访3个月以上。置入3个月后JOA评分明显高于置入前（P〈0.01）,目测类比评分显著低于置入前（P〈0.01）。X射线片显示椎间隙骨密度均逐渐增加,未发现椎间融合器移位、假关节、内固定松脱或折断等并发症,亦无炎症、过敏等不良反应。     

The past,present and future of minimally invasive spine surgery: A review and speculative outlook

Abstract

In the last 25 years of spinal surgery, tremendous improvements have been made. The development of smart technologies with the overall aim of reducing surgical trauma has resulted in the concept of minimally invasive surgical techniques. Enhancements in microsurgery, endoscopy and various percutaneous techniques, as well as improvement of implant materials, have proven to be milestones. The advancement of training of spine surgeons and the integration of image guidance with precise intraoperative imaging, computer- and robot-assisted treatment modalities constitute the era of reducing treatment morbidity in spinal surgery. This progress has led to the present era of preserving spinal function. The promise of the continuing evolution of spinal surgery, the era of restoring spinal function, already appears on the horizon. The current state of minimally invasive spine surgery is the result of a long-lasting and consecutive development of smart technologies, along with stringent surgical training practices and the improvement of instruments and techniques. However, much effort in research and development is still mandatory to establish, maintain and evolve minimally invasive spine surgery. The education and training of the next generation of highly specialized spine surgeons is another key point. This paper will give an overview of surgical techniques and methods of the past 25 years, examine what is in place today, and suggest a projection for spine surgery in the coming 25 years by drawing a connection from the past to the future.     

Minimally invasive surgical techniques for the treatment of lumbar disc disease

The goal of minimally invasive surgery in the treatment of lumbar discopathy is to achieve outcomes comparable to those of conventional surgery, with minimal risk of perioperative iatrogenic injury. Over the last two decades we have observed remarkable progress in the development of new surgical techniques: chemonucleolysis, transcutaneous discoidectomy, laser discoidectomy, intradiscal thermoablation, and other minimally invasive techniques. Laparoscopy, originally used in general surgery, has made its appearance in lumbar spinal surgery, and has found application in discoidectomy and anterior fixation. The further development of optics, imaging techniques, and new surgical instruments especially designed for minimally invasive spinal surgery are opening the way to completely new methods of treatment.     

经皮内镜下腰椎间盘切除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的研究进展

腰椎间盘突出症(LDH)是一种临床常见的腰椎退行性病变,经系统保守治疗无效后,往往需要手术干预以缓解临床症状。经皮内镜下腰椎间盘切除术(PELD)作为微创脊柱手术的重要组成部分,在神经根减压、降低并发症发生率、促进患者日常生活能力快速恢复等方面效果显著,其中的经皮内镜椎间孔入路腰椎间盘切除术(PETD)和经皮内镜椎板间入路腰椎间盘切除术(PEID)是目前临床较为常用两种术式,主要区别在于手术入路的不同。本文就PETD、PEID两种术式治疗LDH的研究进展作一综述,以期为LDH的临床治疗提供些许参考。     

探讨CT、MRI在腰椎间盘突出症的微创手术适应证选择中的重要性

目的探讨CT、MRI检查与手术方法对腰椎间盘突出症手术适应证的影响。方法为40例腰椎间盘患者实施微创开放式手术，术中用c型臂x线机定位，做3～3．5cm长的皮肤切口，剥离椎间的部分骶棘肌，咬除部分椎板上缘及小关节内侧缘后摘除髓核，并根据需要扩大神经根管。结果术后随访2—21（平均11．5）个月，按Nakai标准评定疗效：优28例占70％良，9例占22％，2例占5％，差1例占2．5％。结论影像学检查在腰椎间盘突出症手术适应证的选择上起重要作用。手术方法的改进，使创伤减小、手术适应证相对放宽，疗效也更好。     

退行性腰椎管狭窄症的“立体微创”治疗

目的提出针对退行性腰椎管狭窄症(DLSS)"立体微创"治疗理念,并探讨其临床疗效。方法回顾性分析海军总医院疼痛诊疗中心采用"立体微创"治疗47例DLSS患者的临床资料。联合应用射频、臭氧、针刀等治疗技术,针对DLSS腰椎前、中、后柱不同部位,予以微创治疗。所有患者定期进行随访,分别于6个月及末次随访进行疗效评估,记录视觉模拟VAS量表、腰椎疾患JOA评分、Oswestry功能残障量(ODI)表及SF-36生活质量量表评定分值,比较不同时点的治疗结果,并计算临床治疗有效率。结果平均随访(14.4±8.4)个月,术后6个月治疗总有效率为91.49%,末次随访治疗总有效率达89.36%。随访显示VAS、JOA、ODI及SF-36分值均能维持在较满意水平,与术前相比有统计学差异(P<0.05)。临床症状改善满意,腰腿疼痛缓解、生活质量改善、社会活动适应性增加,无严重并发症发生。结论 "立体微创"治疗DLSS疗效肯定,安全可靠,拓宽了脊柱微创手术的临床适应证,值得推广。     

显微镜下微创斜视矫正术与传统斜视矫正术治疗斜视的对比研究

目的 探讨显微镜下微创斜视矫正术与传统斜视矫正术治疗斜视的临床疗效及安全性。方法 回顾接受眼科手术的斜视患者68例（108眼）,其中传统组33例（53眼）接受肉眼下传统斜视矫正术,微创组35例（55眼）接受显微镜下微创斜视矫正术,术后随访6个月。以眼位矫正效果、术后疼痛情况、眼表状态变化、手术时间、术中出血量及并发症为观察指标。结果 微创组眼位矫正治愈率（94.2%）较传统组（75.8%）高（P < 0.05）,微创组疼痛视觉模拟评分在术后2 h、1 d、7 d均低于传统组（P均< 0.05）。微创组首次泪膜破裂时间在术后1 d、7 d较传统组缩短的少,泪河高度在术后1 d、7 d较传统组升高幅度小,眼红评分在术后1 d、7 d、30 d均低于传统组（P均< 0.05）。2组平均手术时间差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）,微创组术中出血较传统组减少（P < 0.05）。微创组随访未见并发症,传统组有3例术后出现结膜肉芽肿,2例手术切口明显瘢痕,2组比较差异均无统计学意义（P均> 0.05）。结论 显微镜下微创斜视矫正术较传统斜视矫正术有明显的优越性,不仅创伤更小,疗效更好,而且对眼表的影响更小,疼痛更轻,外观更好,手术并发症更少。     

Application of the cortical bone trajectory technique in posterior lumbar fixation

The cortical bone trajectory(CBT) is a novel technique in lumbar fixation and fusion.The unique caudocephalad and medial-lateral screw trajectories endow it with excellent screw purchase for vertebral fixation via a minimally invasive method.The combined use of CBT screws with transforaminal or posterior lumbar interbody fusion can treat a variety of lumbar diseases,including spondylolisthesis or stenosis,and can also be used as a remedy for revision surgery when the pedicle screw fails.CBT has ...     

Minimally invasive surgery

Minimally invasive surgery is replacing the traditional open surgical approach for many abdominal procedures. The benefits of reduced pain, quicker return of oral intake, shorter hospitalizations, and improved cosmetic results all support the increasing use of the laparoscopic approach. This review identifies important articles published in the literature on minimally invasive surgery from June 2002 to August 2003, with the objective of identifying future trends and directions in laparoscopic surgery. The topics of articles reviewed in detail include minimally invasive techniques applied to esophageal tumors, morbid obesity, malignant liver tumors, gallbladder disease, pancreatic pathology, colon cancer, and robotic prostatectomy.     

经皮椎间孔镜与开放椎板间开窗术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效分析*

目的评价经皮椎间孔镜椎间盘切除术(PTED)与传统开放椎板间开窗术两种手术方式治疗经保守治疗无效的腰椎间盘突出症患者的近期临床疗效。方法回顾分析两种单节段手术患者30例,其中16例患者行PTED术,14例行椎板间开窗术,记录两组术前、术后资料,包括性别、年龄、病程、手术节段、手术时间、出血量和卧床时间等,于术前、术后1周、术后1个月和术后大于6个月的随访行疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)及Oswestry功能障碍指数评定(ODI),并按中华骨科学会脊柱学组腰背痛手术评分标准评价两组手术临床疗效,所得以上结果进行统计学分析。结果两组患者均随访,平均随访时间28.4个月,对两种手术疗效进行比较,比较两组的出血量、卧床时间和手术时间差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组术后1个月、末次随访VAS及ODI评分差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);末次随访PTED组优良率为87.50%,传统开窗组优良率为71.42%,两组疗效优良率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 PTED是传统手术的微创化,其结合传统术式与经皮穿刺技术的优势能直接到达突出椎间盘位置,摘除病变髓核,直接解除椎管内压迫,在减少手术创伤的同时,达到与传统术式相似的疗效,可作为治疗腰椎间盘突出症的有效可靠术式。     

Minimally invasive valve surgery: different techniques and approaches

Less invasive approaches to cardiac surgical procedures are being developed in an effort to decrease patient morbidity and enhance postoperative recovery in comparison with conventional methods. Although full median sternotomy has been the standard surgical approach to the heart for more than 30 years, minimally invasive techniques using limited incisions are rapidly gaining acceptance. Potential advantages of a small skin incision include less trauma and tissue injury, leading to a less painful and quicker overall recovery, as well as shorter hospital stays for patients. Decreasing the size of the skin incision for minimally invasive valve surgery to significantly less than the cardiac size requires specific access to the valve to be repaired or replaced. Thus, various minimally invasive techniques and approaches have been described for aortic and mitral valve surgery [111]. This article will review the different minimally invasive techniques and approaches, as well as early results and outcomes for aortic and mitral valve surgery.     

椎间融合器联合椎间植骨单侧椎弓根内固定治疗腰椎退行性疾病30例

目的探讨椎间融合器联合椎间植骨单侧椎弓根内固定治疗腰椎退行性疾病临床效果。方法对30例腰椎退行性疾病患者采用椎间融合器联合椎间植骨单侧椎弓根内固定治疗,观察其临床效果。结果 30例患者手术时间平均89min,术中出血量平均285mL。术中1例硬脊膜撕裂者即刻修补,术后无脑脊液漏,无切口感染、断钉、断棒、内固定松动、融合器脱出等并发症发生,无新发神经根性疼痛。30例患者术后均获9～12个月随访,平均10.8个月。术中、术后均未发生神经根损伤,椎间植骨全部获得融合,融合率为100%。腰腿疼痛明显缓解,下肢肌力和感觉异常改善明显,其中优16例,良10例,可4例,优良率为86.7%。结论腰椎退行性疾病采用椎间融合器联合椎间植骨单侧椎弓根内固定技术治疗,安全性好,并发症少,增加了脊柱的稳定性,提高了融合率,疗效满意。     

双侧钉棒及同侧单钉棒置入内固定的生物力学比较

背景:腰椎失稳、腰椎滑脱等腰椎退行性疾病常常需要实施腰椎融合,其目标是稳定脊柱,但究竟采取何种内固定方式仍存在争论。目的:比较单侧与双侧经椎间孔减压椎体间融合治疗腰椎退行性病变的生物力学差异。方法:人新鲜尸体腰椎标本6具,L4～5模拟微创经椎间孔减压椎体间融合,根据不同的内固定组合方式分为2组,即双侧钉棒组及同侧单钉棒组。在生物力学试验机上测量各种固定方式不同工况下的运动范围(ROM值),并进行比较。结果与结论:以完整的腰椎运动单元为参照,两固定组的ROM值均低于对照组(P<0.05)。其中双侧钉棒组在各工况下ROM值均显著低于同侧单钉棒组(P<0.05)。提示在生物力学实验中,单侧椎弓根螺钉固定椎间融合生物力学性能优良,刚度适中,腰椎可获得可靠的稳定性。但与双侧钉棒固定比较,单钉棒方式仍然存在差距。     

置入脊柱内固定系统改良经椎间孔椎体间融合修复腰椎退行性病：1年随访

背景：传统的后路腰椎体间融合存在诸多不足,改良经椎间孔腰椎体间融合为需要手术治疗的腰椎退行性疾病提供了新的修复方案。目的：观察脊柱内固定系统置入改良经椎间孔腰椎体间融合对腰椎退行性疾病的修复效果。方法：回顾性分析2010年3月至2013年8月在常熟第二人民医院行脊柱内固定系统置入改良经椎间孔腰椎体间融合的腰椎退行性疾病患者30例,其中退行性腰椎管狭窄症患者6例,Meyerding分型Ⅰ-Ⅱ度;退行性腰椎滑脱患者10例;腰椎间盘突出症伴节段不稳14例。观察患者融合前及融合后末次随访的目测类比评分、腰背痛日本骨科协会评分的改善以及椎间融合情况。结果与结论：30例患者均顺利完成手术并获得12个月以上的随访,所有患者末次随访均无内固定断裂松动,椎间植骨融合良好,无Cage下沉、移位。患者融合后腰背痛症状明显改善,融合前目测类比评分为6.4±0.8,末次随访为1.1±0.6,差异有显著性意义（P〈0.001）;末次随访腰背痛日本骨科协会评分26.5±1.2较融合前12.9±1.6明显改善,改善率为（83.9±7.9）%,其中优27例,良3例,优良率100%。提示脊柱内固定系统置入改良经椎间孔腰椎体间融合扩大了适应证,贯彻了传统经椎间孔椎体间融合技术的设计思想和微创理念,操作更加简单、安全,并发症更少,选择性用于腰椎退行性疾病的临床修复效果满意。