Isolated gastric Crohn’s disease

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic idiopathic inflammatory disease of gastrointestinal tract characterized by segmental and transmural involvement of gastrointestinal tract. Ileocolonic and colonic/anorectal is a most common and account for 40% of cases and involvement of small intestine in about 30%. The stomach is rarely the sole or predominant site of CD. To date there are only a few documented case reports of adults with isolated gastric CD and no reports in the pediatric population. Isolated stomach involvement is very unusual presentation accounting for less than 0.07% of all gastrointestinal CD. The diagnosis is difficult to establish in cases of atypical presentation as in isolated gastroduodenal disease. In the absence of any other source of disease and in the presence of nonspecific upper GI endoscopy and histological findings, serological testing can play a vital role in the diagnosis of atypical CD. Recent studies have suggested that perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody and anti-Saccharomycescervisia antibody may be used as additional diagnostic tools. The effectiveness of infliximab in isolated gastric CD is limited to only a few case reports of adult patients and the long-term outcome is unknown.     

Une tumeur stromale (GIST) gastrique exophytique révélée par un abdomen aigu: une présentation extrêmement rare. À propos d’un cas

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasia of the gastrointestinal tract. The gastric presentation is the most frequent (60–70%) followed by the small intestine presentation (20–30%). GISTs have typical immunohistochemical features which are essential for diagnosis. About 95% of GISTs are positive for c-KIT expression (CD117 antigen), a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor which activation leads to cell proliferation. Surgery is the treatment of choice for resectable tumours, whereas for unresectable tumours the standard treatment is the administration of imatinib (Glivec®), a c-KIT/PDGFRA competitive inhibitor. Response rate to imatinib treatment is about 80%. GIST diagnosis might be incidental or due to the appearance of aspecific symptoms such as abdominal pain, abdominal mass or gastrointestinal bleeding. Rupture in the peritoneal cavity with peritonitis represents a very rare event and very few cases of generalized peritonitis as initial presentation of GIST, are reported in the literature.We report here an unusual case of gastric GIST presenting with generalized peritonitis due to spontaneous rupture in the abdominal cavity.     

Isolated Crohn's disease of the stomach

Crohn's disease can involve any portion of the digestive tract, but isolated gastric Crohn's disease is a rare entity. In the few previously reported cases, the inflammatory disorder has involved only a portion of the stomach. Herein we describe a patient with diffuse involvement of the entire stomach and an associated gastrosplenic fistula but no evidence of involvement elsewhere in the gastrointestinal tract. Usually, a patient with isolated Crohn's disease of the stomach will have the clinical symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and epigastric pain and radiographic evidence of a small contracted stomach (or, occasionally, a huge dilated stomach). Because the condition may suggest the presence of a malignant lesion and biopsy specimens often reveal nonspecific inflammation, surgical resection is usually necessary for diagnosis of isolated Crohn's disease of the stomach.     

Crohn's disease confined to the duodenum: A case report

Crohn’s disease (CD) can involve any part of the gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to anus. However, gastroduodenal CD is rare with a frequency reported to range between 0.5% and 4.0%. Most patients with gastroduodenal CD have concomitant lesions in the terminal ileum or colon, but isolated gastroduodenal Crohn’s disease is an extremely rare presentation of the disease accounting for less than 0.07% of all patients with CD. The symptoms of gastroduodenal CD include epigastric pain, dyspepsia, early satiety, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. The diagnosis of gastroduodenal CD requires a high level of clinical suspicion and can be made by comprehensive clinical evaluation. Here we report a rare case of isolated duodenal CD not confirmed by identification of granuloma on biopsy, but diagnosed by clinical evaluation.     

Classical and atypical neuroblastoma--case reports

Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in early childhood with a pluripotent neural cell origin. The disease often infiltrates the bone marrow, and these cases are candidates for flow cytometric diagnosis and disease follow-up, more so in atypical cases that are diagnostically challenging by other methods. Here, we report two neuroblastoma cases, one with characteristic neuroblastoma cells forming Homer-Wright rosettes found in the bone marrow sample by histological examination. This case showed the classical immunophenotype with CD81/CD56/CD117 positive and CD45 negative labeling and 80% bone marrow infiltration. Minimal residual disease measurement was performed in a regular fashion, and flow cytometry results showed good correlation with other disease markers. Analyzing 300,000 events provided a sensitivity level of 0.01%. The second case showed atypical cell morphology on histological examination, after which flow cytometric analysis was initiated. Atypical cells displayed CD81 and bright CD56 but CD117 negative immunophenotype, with a 28% bone marrow infiltration. In most cases the primary tumor can be identified, but in this particular case only bone marrow involvement could be detected using flow cytometry, as such making it a powerful tool for diagnosis and disease monitoring.     

Gastrointestinal tract involvement in hepatocellular carcinoma: clinical, radiological and endoscopic studies

Gastrointestinal tract involvement with hepatocellular carcinoma was observed in 8 out of 396 patients (2%) during the course of the disease. Histological involvement was confirmed in 6 cases. All 8 patients were men. The most common clinical presentation was frank gastrointestinal bleeding, which became evident in all cases. Esophageal varices were not seen in any patient. The sites of involvement were the stomach (3), duodenum (4), and jejunum (1). The median time between the diagnosis of primary tumors and gastrointestinal tract involvement was 4.5 months (range: 0 to 12 months). Hematogenous spread was presumed to have occurred in two patients with diffuse-type hepatocellular carcinoma, one of whom had main portal vein thrombosis. Direct invasion by contiguous neoplasm was the major mode of gastrointestinal tract involvement. This complication is more likely to develop in patients with large, subcapsular, massive type hepatocellular carcinoma treated by transcatheter arterial embolization and/or intra-arterial chemotherapy. The median survival after the diagnosis of gastrointestinal involvement was 1 month (2 weeks-4 months).     

The significance of gastric and duodenal histological ischemia reported on endoscopic biopsy

Although frequently reported, it is unknown whether pathological reports of ischemia obtained from gastroduodenal biopsies suggest a diagnosis, prognosis or a requirement for additional evaluation. The aim of this study was to review the natural history, clinical presentation, endoscopic appearance, treatments, and major clinical outcomes of patients with gastroduodenal ischemia. A case series of 14 patients with variable etiologies (seven gastric and seven duodenal) was obtained from a search of our endoscopic pathological database for reports of histological ischemia. The results were as follows. The most common presentation was upper gastrointestinal bleeding (71 %). Half of the endoscopic lesions appeared very severe (large or circumferential lesions, exudative, pseudomembranous, black or pale mucosa). There were six cases of rebleeding (43 %) and four deaths (29 %). Computed tomography scanning was frequently used (12 cases, 86 %), but led to an underlying diagnosis in only three cases. In our series, patients with underlying vascular pathology have substantial 6-month mortality (29 %).     

Lymphoma in the wall of the bile ducts: Radiologic imaging

Extranodal lymphoma is not uncommon; however, lymphomatous involvement of the wall of the bile duct is rare, with only a few case reports available. Three cases were imaged with computed tomography (CT) and direct cholangiography at our institution. In one, Hodgkin disease recurred in the duct wall, producing a radiographic pattern indistinguishable from sclerosing cholangitis. In another, central sclerosis on cholangiography was associated with a separate liver mass identified by CT. This presentation of non-Hodgkin lymphoma mimicked cholangiocarcinoma. The third patient had multifocal, diffuse histiocytic lymphoma arising in the gallbladder and cystic duct, as well as in the kidneys and pancreas. Although the condition is unusual, the diagnosis of lymphoma in the bile duct wall should be considered, particularly when the cholangiographic picture of diffuse central sclerosis is associated with little or no observable mass on CT.     

胃肠道间叶源性肿瘤病理及免疫组化研究

目的:研究胃肠道间叶源性肿瘤的病理形态特点及免疫组化表型,讨论肿瘤的来源,进而提高对该类肿瘤的认识。方法:对60例胃肠道间叶源性肿瘤进行回顾性分析,应用免疫组化SP法检测CD117,CD34,Vimetin,S-100,SMA,Bcl-2的表达。结果:60例胃肠道间叶源性肿瘤中胃肠道间质瘤占85%,平滑肌肿瘤占8.33%,神经鞘瘤占1.67。其中51例胃肠道间质瘤中CD117的表达率为90.19%,CD34的表达率80.39%,Vimetin的表达率86.27%,Bcl-2的表达率为74.5%(38例),S-100的表达率11.76%。结论:胃肠道间叶源性肿瘤以胃肠道间质瘤最多见。对胃肠道间叶源性肿瘤的诊断不能完全靠光镜,必须结合免疫组化,才能做正确诊断。对胃肠道间叶源性肿瘤的诊断最好联合使用一组免疫组化抗体,其中CD117和CD34是诊断胃肠道间质瘤最敏感而有效的免疫组化标记。     

无线胶囊内镜在消化道疾病诊断中的应用分析

目的探讨无线胶囊内镜在消化道疾病诊断中的价值和安全性。方法对14例不明原因的消化道出血、腹痛和慢性腹泻患者进行Given M2A胶囊内镜检查，并与14例患者的传统检查(胃镜、结肠镜、全消化道钡餐或选择性腹腔动脉造影)进行对比分析，探究Given M2A胶囊内镜在消化道疾病中的诊断价值和安全性。结果胶囊内镜检查过程中所有病例无任何不适和并发症，所有受检者均顺利完成检查。所得图像清晰。13例发现病变，检出胃部疾病6例(慢性胃炎、胆汁反流性胃炎、胃、十二指肠溃疡)，小肠疾病6例(息肉、肿块、血管病变、憩室、溃疡、炎症)，结肠炎1例。2例不明原因的腹痛中1例未发现病变。4例不明原因的便血和腹泻2例经胶囊内镜检查发现有意义的小肠病变，其中1例空肠肿块行手术治疗，手术证实胶囊内镜诊断及定位准确。2例消化性溃疡(1例复合性溃疡、1例十二指肠溃疡)和3例慢性胃炎惠者胶囊内镜检查结果与胃镜相比，3处溃疡中有1处球部溃疡未检出，发现1例当地胃镜未检出的球部溃疡；1例体检者发现慢性结肠炎。结论胶囊内镜采集图像清晰，安全性好，对病变的检出率高，定位较准确。尤其适合于小肠疾病的诊断，对胃部病变也有一定的诊断价值。因此，胶囊内镜以其无创、确诊率较高的特点易被患者接受。     

Sarcoidosis manifested as hypercalcemic pancreatitis

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease of unknown etiology and with protean manifestations. Pancreatic involvement is unusual, with only a few case reports in the literature. Granulomatous infiltration is the usual cause. This case report describes an unusual presentation of sarcoidosis as hypercalcemic pancreatitis.     

Atypical presentation of ankylosing spondylitis: a case study

Ankylosing spondylitis (Marie Strumpell's disease) is a chronic inflammatory disease which principally affects the axial skeleton. The earliest radiographic sign in 90% of the patients with ankylosing spondylitis is a bilateral sacroiliitis. Up to 3% of the patients with ankylosing spondylitis will not present with the initial sacroiliitis. A case is reported of a patient with an atypical presentation. The patient's radiographic presentation consisted of syndesmophytosis without sacroiliac involvement. However, due to the patient's symptoms, radiographic appearance, and laboratory studies, the diagnosis of an atypical ankylosing spondylitis was chosen.     

Sonographic appearance of Krukenberg tumor from gastric carcinoma

Sonographic findings in 16 cases of Krukenberg tumor from gastric carcinoma were analyzed. The patients' ages ranged from 25 to 52 years (mean 42 years). The tumor involved both ovaries in 14 patients with asymmetrical masses in 9 of 14 cases. Ascites was noted in 15 cases. Echogenicity of the tumor varied from solid to predominantly cystic: solid in 8, mixed in 6, and predominantly cystic in 2 cases. Solid masses tended to be smaller than mixed or cystic masses. The primary gastric carcinoma had been diagnosed before emergence of the tumors in only 7 cases. The findings suggest that in relatively young patients with ovarian mass, particularly bilateral tumors, careful evaluation for gastrointestinal tract involvement should be done.     

老年ANCA相关性小血管炎肺损害11例临床分析

目的探讨老年抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体(ANCA)相关性小血管炎肺脏损害的临床特征,提高对其肺损害的认识。方法回顾性分析北京大学第一医院老年科60岁以上的ANCA相关性小血管炎肺损害患者的临床病理资料。结果11例ANCA相关性小血管炎肺脏损害患者平均年龄75.9(60～89)岁,均有慢性基础病。发病至确诊的中位间隔时间为4个月(2周～1年)。小血管炎临床症状多为咳嗽、咯痰(90.9%);喘憋气短或活动耐力下降(63.6%);咯血/痰中带血(36.4%)和发热(45.5%)。胸部影像学9例(91.9%)表现为肺间质病变,其中8例呈显著肺纤维化表现;2例(18.2%)呈两肺大片渗出的弥漫肺泡出血表现(其中1例在肺纤维化基础上发生);1例呈结节性病变(9.1%)。8例(72.7%)患者初诊时无肾损害。确诊主要依靠血清ANCA的检测和组织活检病理诊断。经免疫抑制治疗后,多数患者症状好转,初诊及随访期间5例(45.5%)因呼吸衰竭或严重感染死亡。结论原发性ANCA相关性小血管炎患者常有肺部受累并可以为首发表现。其症状和胸部影像表现多样,肺间质病变突出。正确及时的诊断治疗能改善预后。     

Advances in clinical laboratory tests for inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a generic term that refers to Crohn's disease and chronic ulcerative colitis (UC). The CD and UC are considered to be distinct forms of IBD; but there is a subgroup of CD with a UC-like presentation. The genetic factors play a significant role in IBD. IBD is associated with a strong familial pattern. Recent studies support the hypothesis that IBD patients have a dysregulated immune response to endogenous bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. The serologic responses seen in Crohn's disease include antibodies to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mycobacteria, bacteroides and E. coli. The pANCA antibody seen in UC and CD has been demonstrated to react with epitopes of H1 histone, Bacteroides caccae (Ton-B linked outer membrane protein), Pseudomonas fluorescens-associated bacterial protein I-2, mycobacterial histone 1 homologue called Hup B. In recent years, several serologic markers have been found to be useful for the diagnosis and differentiation of CD and UC. These markers include the following antibodies: (a) pANCA, (b) ASCA, (c) anti-pancreatic antibody, (d) OmpC antibody and (e) I-2 antibody and antibodies to anaerobic coccoid rods. The application of a panel of markers with the use of an algorithm (i.e. IBD First Step) can identify specific subtypes of IBD that have different clinical courses and progression of the diseases. The serologic markers are useful for the diagnosis and management of CD and UC patients.     

Gastric metastasis from pancreatic cancer characterized by mucosal erosion: a case report and literature review

Pancreatic cancer with gastrointestinal tract metastasis is a fairly rare occurrence, and gastric metastasis in such cases has been seldom reported. We herein present a case of gastric involvement secondary to pancreatic cancer in a 74-year-old woman in whom the metastatic lesion only presented as mucosal erosion in the stomach. The patient had a 1-month history of progressive right upper quadrant pain before admission. Computed tomography and endoscopic examinations revealed a solid and hypo-enhancing mass in the head of the pancreas. The patient underwent conventional upper endoscopy before pancreatic biopsy, and mucosal erosion was observed in the gastric pylorus. We obtained gastric and pancreatic biopsies by gastroscopy and endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration, respectively. Pathologically, the biopsies taken from the area of gastric erosion showed poorly differentiated invasive adenocarcinoma that was morphologically consistent with the pancreatic specimens. Moreover, the gastric section showed tumor thrombi within the vessels. Hence, the suspected diagnosis was unresectable pancreatic cancer with gastric metastasis. The patient immediately underwent two courses of chemotherapy, but her condition rapidly deteriorated and she died 2 months later.     

Recurrent nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding in a patient with gastroduodenal schistosomiasis

In this case report, we describe the rare situation of a patient with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding induced by gastric and duodenal involvement of Schistosoma mansoni infection. In this unique case severe, recurrent upper gastrointestinal bleeding was induced by central ulcerations of gastric pseudopolypoid and duodenal polypoid lesions. However, very atypically, there were no signs of portal hypertension, coagulopathy, or variceal bleeding, and no macroscopic evidence of lower gastrointestinal tract involvement. Neither anti-ulcer therapy nor endoscopic hemostasis methods were effective in preventing recurrent bleeding episodes. Finally, typical histological and serological tests (positive for S. mansoni hemagglutination) led to the correct diagnosis, and the patient was completely cured by specific antischistosomal therapy.     

联合检测炎症性肠病患者抗酿酒酵母细胞抗体和抗中性粒细胞抗体的临床意义

目的 探讨联合检测炎症性肠病(IBD)患者血清中抗酿酒酵母细胞抗体(ASCA)和抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体(ANCA)对IBD诊断和鉴别诊断的应用价值.方法 用ELISA法和间接免疫荧光法分别测定159例IBD患者[溃疡性结肠炎(UC)97例,克罗恩病(CD)62例],167例主诉为腹痛、腹泻并除外IBD的患者和25名健康人血清中IgG型与IgA型ASCA和ANCA.结果 ASCA-IgA/IgG在CD组、UC组、疾病对照组和健康对照组中的阳性率分别为43.5%、14.4%、29.3%和0;CD组的阳性率显著高于UC组和疾病对照组(X2值分别为16.76、4.12,P分别<0.01、<0.05).ANCA在以上各组中的阳性率分别为8.1%、56.7%、4.8%和0;UC组中阳性率显著高于CD组和疾病对照组(X2值分别为38.08、90.47,P均<0.01);ASCA+/ANCA-组合诊断CD的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值分别为40.3%,93.8%和80.6%;而ANCA+/ASCA-组合诊断UC的敏感度、特异度和阳性预测值分别为48.5%,98.4%和97.9%;ASCA在手术治疗与未手术治疗CD患者中的阳性率差异具有统计学意义(P=0.03).结论 ASCA或ANCA单项检测不能有效的筛选IBD患者,但2项指标联合检测有助于对UC和CD进行鉴别诊断.同时检测IgA型和IgG型ASCA可提高CD诊断的敏感度.中国人群中ASCA阳性可能与手术治疗相关.     

79例老年上消化道出血临床分析

目的 :探讨老年上消化道出血的原因和不同制酸剂对出血的治疗效果。方法 :对我院 1998年 1月至2 0 0 4年 6月共 79例老年上消化道出血患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。男 4 5例 ,女 34例 ,年龄 6 0～ 85岁 ,平均 6 7 6岁 ,患者被随机分为两组分别接受洛赛克和法莫替丁治疗。统计治疗 3天的总有效率和引起出血的原发疾病百分比。结果 :引起出血的原发疾病中 ,胃、十二指肠溃疡 30例 (38 0 %) ,胃黏膜病变 2 8例 (35 4 %) ,门静脉高压症并发食管静脉曲张破裂出血 14例 (17 7%) ,上消化道肿瘤 5例 (6 3%) ,其他 2例 (2 5 %)。洛赛克组总有效率 95 2 %,法莫替丁组总有效率 78 4 %(P <0 0 5 )。结论 :老年上消化道出血主要由胃、十二指肠溃疡和胃黏膜病变引起。质子泵抑制剂洛赛克治疗老年上消化道出血疗效显著。     

Metastatic carcinoma of the breast resembling early gastric carcinoma

We describe a case of gastric metastasis from a lobular carcinoma of the breast in a 45-year-old woman who had undergone a left mastectomy with axillary dissection 7 years earlier. At the current presentation, she had been experiencing progressive epigastric discomfort for 3 months. The initial diagnosis was early gastric carcinoma, diffuse type, based on gastric biopsy findings and ultrasonographic endoscopy. A definitive diagnosis of metastatic breast cancer was confirmed after subtotal gastrectomy of a presumed primary early gastric carcinoma. Although gastrointestinal metastases from breast cancer are not rare, the early stage of the gastric lesion and the absence of further disease dissemination make this case unusual. The onset of gastrointestinal symptoms in a patient with a history of breast carcinoma should prompt the physician to rule out the possibility of gastric metastases.