Behcet’s disease manifesting as esophageal variceal bleeding: A case report

BACKGROUNDBehcet’s disease (BD) is a chronic disease characterized by oral and vulvar ulcers as well as eye and skin damage and involves multiple systems. It presents as an alternating process of repeated attacks and remissions. Esophageal venous rupture and bleeding caused by BD is rarely reported at home and abroad. This paper reports a case of bleeding from oesophageal varices caused by BD, aiming to provide an additional dimension for considering the cause of bleeding from esophageal varices in the future.CASE SUMMARYA 38-year-old female patient was admitted due to a gradual increase in shortness of breath and chest tightness after the activity, and was admitted to our hospital for treatment. After admission, relevant examinations showed that the patient had multiple blood clots. Four days after admission, she suddenly experienced massive hematemesis. Emergency esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed bleeding from esophageal and gastric varices. The patient had no history of viral hepatitis or drinking habits, and no history of special genetic diseases or congenital vascular diseases. There is no obvious abnormality in liver function. After reviewing the medical history, it was found that the patient had recurred oral ulcers since childhood, ulcers were visible in the perineum during menstruation, and there was an intermittent red nodular rash and uveitis. The current skin acupuncture reaction is positive, combined with the evaluation of the external hospital and our hospital, the main diagnosis is BD. She received methylprednisolone, cyclophosphamide, immunomodulation, acid suppression, gastric protection, and anticoagulation and anti-infection treatments, and was discharged from the hospital. During the 1-year follow-up period, the patient did not vomit blood again.CONCLUSIONThis case highlights bleeding from esophageal varices caused by BD, aiming to provide an additional dimension concerning the cause of bleeding from esophageal varices in the future.     

Ectopic variceal bleeding from chronic superior mesenteric vein thrombosis after hemorrhagic pancreatitis

Varices are a common cause of gastrointestinal (GI) bleed. When ectopic, there is often a delay in diagnosis as it is difficult to localize these varices. Ectopic small bowel varices usually arise from portal hypertension, which commonly develops in the setting of cirrhosis. This case presents a much rarer cause of bleeding ectopic varices with portal hypertension secondary to chronic superior mesenteric vein (SMV) thrombosis that developed after an episode of hemorrhagic pancreatitis. An 81‐year‐old man with a past medical history of a recent GI bleeds secondary to an arteriovenous malformation presented to the hospital with continued melena after a recent admission at another hospital for the same symptom. Upper endoscopy and colonoscopy showed no evidence of active bleeding. Subsequently computed tomography angiography (CTA) showed bleeding from collaterals in the third part of the duodenum, consistent with ectopic varices. The CTA also showed SMV thrombosis. The patient underwent an ultrasound‐guided transhepatic venogram with coiling and sclerosant embolization of SMV varices and distal SMV balloon angioplasty. Capsule endoscopy after showed no evidence of further bleeding. The patient was discharged 72 h after the intervention with stabilized hemoglobin and resolved melena. Ectopic varices should be on the differential diagnosis for patients presenting with a GI bleed that remains nonlocalized after endoscopy and colonoscopy. EGD or colonoscopy is the first‐line intervention for the treatment of bleeding ectopic varices. If unreachable by these means, percutaneous coil embolization is an alternative way to stabilize the patient. As no general management guidelines exist, treatment of bleeding ectopic varices should continue to be case‐dependent and involve a multidisciplinary team.     

Portal vein embolization in the treatment of portal vein bleeding after percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage: A case report and literature review

Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) is an effective treatment for benign and malignant obstructive jaundice. Major bleeding complications occur in approximately 2–3% of patients after PTBD, which can result in death. A case involving a 63-year-old male with malignant obstructive jaundice, who experienced severe bleeding after PTBD, is reported. Emergency digital subtraction angiography, celiac trunk artery and superior mesenteric artery angiography were performed; however, no signs of arterial bleeding were found. To identify etiology, portal venography was performed under ultrasound guidance and portal vein bleeding was diagnosed. Ultimately, selective portal vein embolization successfully stopped the bleeding.     

三腔二囊管辅助急诊内镜下治疗食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的临床研究

目的探讨三腔二囊管在辅助急诊内镜下组织胶注射术联合硬化剂注射、静脉曲张套扎治疗食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的作用。方法按就诊先后顺序选择60例患者,并采用单盲随机法分为研究组及对照组各30例,研究组运用三腔二囊管辅助急诊内镜下组织胶注射术联合硬化剂注射、静脉曲张套扎治疗食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血,对照组运用常规急诊内镜下组织胶注射术联合硬化剂注射、静脉曲张套扎治疗食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血,对两组疗效进行比较。结果研究组30例患者治疗均获成功,止血效率为100.00%(30/30),明显高于对照组的76.67%(23/30),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组食管胃底静脉曲张治疗后消失率为63.33%(19/30),明显高于对照组的14.28%(4/28),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。胸痛和发热、总住院天数和总医疗费用研究组明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论采用三腔二囊管辅助急诊内镜下组织胶注射术联合硬化剂注射、静脉曲张套扎治疗食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血可提高治疗效率,减少患者并发症的发生及经济负担。     

内镜下套扎术联合聚桂醇硬化术对食管-胃底静脉曲张出血患者再出血的防治作用

目的 探讨内镜下套扎术联合聚桂醇硬化术对食管-胃底静脉曲张出血(EGVB)患者再出血的防治作用.方法 选取2018年9月-2020年9月解放军总医院第三医学中心EGVB患者120例,依据手术方法不同分为套扎组(n=60)和套聚组(n=60).套扎组行内镜下套扎术,套聚组行内镜下套扎术联合聚桂醇硬化术.比较两组患者止血效...     

Intraperitoneal bleeding due to rupture of the left gastric vein (LGV) in a patient with liver cirrhosis: a case report

Intraperitoneal bleeding from ruptured ectopic varices is a rare and fatal complication in patients with portal hypertension. Although laparotomy with high mortality is performed, it is difficult to detect correct bleeding site and save the patient. This is probably the first case report of rupture from left gastric vein revealed by transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). We propose the use of TIPS for diagnosing and treating intraperitoneal bleeding from ectopic varices.     

胰源性门脉高压伴巨大脾假性动脉瘤并结肠脾区瘘致消化道大出血一例

脾假性动脉瘤所致消化道出血是一种少见的疾病。该文报道了1例43岁男性慢性胰腺炎致胰源性门脉高压伴脾假性动脉瘤并致消化道大出血患者的诊治过程。该患者既往有胰腺炎伴脾假性动脉瘤病史,因消化道大出血就诊,入院后行内镜及影像学等检查,诊断为胰源性门脉高压伴脾假性动脉瘤并结肠脾区瘘,经脾动脉栓塞术后,患者消化道出血症状消失,2个月后复查腹部CT提示原脾假性动脉瘤已基本消失。该例提示若患者既往患有胰腺炎伴脾假性动脉瘤,出现消化道出血症状时,应及时考虑是否存在动脉消化道瘘,做到及时诊治,挽救患者生命。     

Acute appendicitis complicated by mesenteric vein thrombosis: A case report

BACKGROUNDAcute appendicitis with mesenteric vein thrombosis (MVT) is an uncommon condition and usually lacks specific clinical manifestations, which leads to a high rate of misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis, especially when it is accompanied by other abdominal diseases. Prompt and accurate recognition is vital for treatment and prognosis.CASE SUMMARYA 37-year-old woman had a history of acute metastatic right lower abdominal pain, nausea, and fever. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan showed a filling defect in the mesenteric vessels. The patient was diagnosed with acute appendicitis complicated by MVT and was treated with anticoagulation and intravenous antibiotics. The follow-up CT scan showed full resolution of the thrombosis and inflammation.CONCLUSIONClinical awareness is essential for recognizing MVT, especially when it is accompanied by other common acute abdominal diseases, such as acute appendicitis. Contrast-enhanced CT is helpful for the diagnosis of MVT and is recommended for patients with acute abdominal diseases.     

Deep vein thrombosis in patient with left-sided inferior vena cava draining into the hemiazygos vein: A case report

BACKGROUNDAbnormalities of the inferior vena cava (IVC) are uncommon, and in many cases they are asymptomatic. Even so, it is vital that clinicians be aware of such anomalies prior to surgery in affected individuals. In the present report, we describe a rare anatomical variation of the IVC.CASE SUMMARYA 66-year-old male was admitted to the hospital due to deep vein thrombosis of the right lower extremity. Upon contrast-enhanced computed tomography imaging, we found that this patient presented with a case of left-sided IVC draining into the hemiazygos vein, while his hepatic vein was directly draining into the atrium.CONCLUSIONCases of left-sided IVC can increase patient susceptibility to thromboembolism owing to the resultant changes in blood flow and/or associated vascular compression.     

肝硬化胃静脉曲张合并门静脉血栓患者内镜下组织胶注射术后早期抗凝的出血风险评估

目的：肝硬化胃静脉曲张合并门静脉血栓（Portal vein thrombosis,PVT）的患者存在出血和血栓抗凝的双重矛盾,患者内镜治疗后PVT抗凝治疗的共识与指南证据不足,本研究拟探索抗凝治疗与肝硬化胃静脉曲张合并PVT患者组织胶注射术后出血事件的相关性,并进一步研究这类患者术后出血的影响因素。方法：纳入2023年1月至2023年12月因胃静脉曲张破裂出血就诊于复旦大学附属中山医院,影像学诊断门静脉血栓并且接受内镜下胃静脉曲张组织胶注射治疗的病人。收集患者临床资料,根据术后48小时内是否行抗凝治疗,分为抗凝组和非抗凝组;随访观察6周,评价患者的出血情况。采用COX回归进行术后早期出血（6周内）的单因素和多因素分析。结果：共纳入160例患者,其中65例患者在内镜组织胶治疗后48小时接受抗凝治疗,95例患者未接受抗凝。两组在性别、肝硬化病因、组织胶和聚桂醇用量、Child-pugh分级等方面的差异无统计学意义（p值＞0.05）。Kaplan-Meier生存分析提示,抗凝组与非抗凝组术后6周内（1.54% vs 1.05%,p=0.795）的出血率差异无统计学意义。进一步COX单因素和多因素回归分析提示,组织胶用量多是术后6周内（HR=5.862,p=0.015）出血的危险因素。结论：肝硬化胃静脉曲张合并门静脉血栓患者接受内镜下组织胶注射治疗后抗凝治疗不增加出血的风险,组织胶用量大是术后出血的危险因素。     

Isolated hepatic tuberculosis associated with portal vein thrombosis and hepatitis B virus coinfection: A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUNDWhile tuberculosis (TB) itself is a common disease, isolated TB of the liver is a rare entity. Tubercular involvement of the liver is more commonly a part of a disseminated disease of the hepatic parenchyma. In contrast, isolated hepatic TB spread through the portal vein from the gastrointestinal tract is seldom encountered in clinical practice, with only a few sporadic cases and short series available in the current literature. Vascular complications, such as portal vein thrombosis (PVT), have rarely been reported previously.CASE SUMMARYA 22-year-old man was hospitalized with complaints of a 3-mo history of fever and weight loss of approximately 10 kg. He had a 10-year hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in his medical history. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) confirmed hepatosplenomegaly, with hypodensity of the right lobe of the liver and 2.1 cm thrombosis of the right branch of the portal vein. A liver biopsy showed epithelioid granulomas with a background of caseating necrosis. Ziehl-Nelson staining showed acid-fast bacilli within the granulomas. The patient was diagnosed with isolated hepatic TB with PVT. Anti-TB therapy (ATT), including isoniazid, rifapentine, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide, was administered. Along with ATT, the patient was treated with entecavir as an antiviral medication against HBV and dabigatran as an anticoagulant. He remained asymptomatic, and follow-up sonography of the abdomen at 4 mo showed complete resolution of the PVT.CONCLUSIONUpon diagnosis of hepatic TB associated with PVT and HBV coinfection, ATT and anticoagulants should be initiated to prevent subsequent portal hypertension. Antiviral therapy against HBV should also be administered to prevent severe hepatic injury.     

Strategic approach to concurrent aberrant left gastric vein and aberrant left hepatic artery in laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for early gastric cancer: A case report

An aberrant left gastric vein (ALGV) directly entering the lateral segment of the liver is a rare variation in the portal vein system, whereas an aberrant left hepatic artery (ALHA) arising from the left gastric artery is observed relatively frequently. Here we report a case in which both ALGV and ALHA were encountered before laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with curative lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer. We accurately diagnosed these vessel anomalies preoperatively on abdominal contrast‐enhanced CT. During surgery, we divided the ALGV at the point of entry to the liver and preserved the ALHA by dividing the branches toward the stomach, in consideration of curability and safety. The postoperative course was uneventful overall, although temporary mild liver dysfunction was observed. This case highlights the importance of preoperative evaluation and preparation in a rare case of concurrent ALGV and ALHA.