体外冲击波治疗软组织损伤性疼痛的临床研究

目的观察体外冲击波对软组织损伤性疼痛的治疗作用。方法214例软组织损伤患者,其中网球肘63例、肩周炎106例、跟痛综合征45例,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各107例。观察组以患者的疼痛点为中心,行体外冲击波疗法;对照组给予复方倍他米松局部封闭,加以按摩和药物等治疗。分别观察治疗前及治疗后4周、8周和12周的视觉模拟评分(VAS)。结果治疗前及治疗后第4周,两组VAS评分无显著性差异(P＞0.05)。治疗后第8周和第12周,观察组VAS评分明显低于对照组(P＜0.01);观察组疗效的总优良率为87.85%,明显高于对照组(P＜0.01)。结论体外冲击波疗法是一种有效的治疗肌肉肌腱等软组织损伤性疼痛的方法。     

Effects of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy on Spasticity in Patients after Brain Injury: A Meta-analysis

[Purpose] The purpose of this meta-analysis was to assess the effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) on reducing spasticity immediately and 4 weeks after application of ESWT. [Subjects and Methods] We searched PubMed, TCL, Embase, and Scopus from their inception dates through June 2013. The key words “muscle hypertonia OR spasticity” were used for spasticity, and the key words “shock wave OR ESWT” were used for ESWT. Five studies were ultimately included in the meta-analysis. [Results] The Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) grade was significantly improved immediately after ESWT compared with the baseline values (standardized mean difference [SMD], −0.792; 95% confidence interval [CI], −1.001 to −0.583). The MAS grade at four weeks after ESWT was also significantly improved compared with the baseline values (SMD, −0.735; 95% CI, −0.951 to −0.519). [Conclusion] ESWT has a significant effect on improving spasticity. Further standardization of treatment protocols including treatment intervals and intensities needs to be established and long-term follow up studies are needed.Key words: Spasticity, Extracorporeal shock wave therapy, Meta-analysis     

The Effect of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Therapy on Pain and Function

[Purpose] The present study examined the effects of treatment using PNF extension techniques on the pain, pressure pain, and neck and shoulder functions of the upper trapezius muscles of myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) patients. [Subjects] Thirty-two patients with MPS in the upper trapezius muscle were divided into two groups: a PNF group (n=16), and a control group (n=16) [Methods] The PNF group received upper trapezius muscle relaxation therapy and shoulder joint stabilizing exercises. Subjects in the control group received only the general physical therapies for the upper trapezius muscles. Subjects were measured for pain on a visual analog scale (VAS), pressure pain threshold (PPT), the neck disability index (NDI), and the Constant-Murley scale (CMS). [Results] None of the VAS, PPT, and NDI results showed significant differences between the groups, while performing postures, internal rotation, and external rotation among the CMS items showed significant differences between the groups. [Conclusion] Exercise programs that apply PNF techniques can be said to be effective at improving the function of MPS patients.Key words: PNF, MPS, Trapezius     

超短波治疗对大鼠坐骨神经钳夹伤后运动功能、MCV及血管内皮生长因子表达的影响

目的:研究超短波治疗对大鼠坐骨神经钳夹伤后运动功能、神经传导速度(MCV)及血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达的影响。方法:72只SD大鼠,随机选取60只,钳夹其坐骨神经制作周围神经损伤模型,随机分为实验组、对照组各30只,另12只仅暴露单侧坐骨神经,不钳夹为假手术组。术后实验组对其坐骨神经钳夹伤处行超短波辐射,每天7 min;对照组行无效辐射;假手术组不作处理。3组大鼠分别于术后12、、4和6周末时检测坐骨神经运动功能、MCV及损伤神经中VEGF的表达。结果:实验组大鼠运动功能评分(MFS)达2分和1分所需要的时间均显著短于对照组;术后2、4、6周,实验组大鼠损伤侧坐骨神经MCV均显著高于对照组;术后1、2、4、6周,实验组大鼠损伤侧坐骨神经中VEGF表达均明显高于对照组(均P0.05,P0.01)。结论:超短波能缩短神经修复的时程,增加其损伤神经中VEGF的表达,改善组织缺血缺氧,对大鼠周围神经损伤有保护作用。     

The Effects of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy on Pacemaker Function

Twenty-two pacemaker pulse generators were exposed to shock waves of an extracorporeal shock wave lithotripter to assess the effects of the extremely high pressure transients on pacemaker function. The pulse generator and distal aspect of the lead were positioned 5 cm from the focal point of the lithotripter and 10 cm from each other. Pulse generator function was analyzed during shock wave delivery synchronized with pulse generator output, during shock waves at a rate faster than the escape rate, and after exposure to lithotripsy. During shock waves delivered synchronously with pulse generator output, only one of 22 pulse generators malfunctioned by intermittently reverting to the magnet rate. When subjected to shock waves at a rate greater than the escape rate, 50% of the pulse generators were inhibited by electromechanical interference from the lithotripter. Both bipolar and unipolar devices were affected. However, analysis after exposure to shock waves showed that none of the pacemakers was damaged or spuriously reprogrammed. In conclusion, cardiac pacemakers do not appear to be damaged or reprogrammed by exposure to extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. The likelihood of false inhibition appears to be very low if shock waves are delivered synchronously with the QRS.     

体外冲击波治疗国家队运动员髌腱末端病的疗效分析

目的观察体外冲击波治疗髌腱末端病的效果。方法 2006年1月-2010年12月67例髌腱末端病患者全部采用非手术治疗,其中38例采用体外冲击波治疗,11例采用手法按摩疗法,5例采用体外擦药酒、药膏,4例注射醋酸泼尼松龙加普鲁卡因,9例采用针灸疗法。观察体外冲击波治疗与其他非手术疗法之间的效果有无差异。结果经相同疗程治疗后,采用体外冲击波治疗者显效25例,有效10例,效果不明显3例;采用其他非手术疗法者显效9例,有效12例,效果不明显8例;两组治疗结果差异有统计学意义(Z=?2.966,P=0.003)。结论应用体外冲击波治疗髌腱末端病方法简便,操作安全,疗效显著,较其他非手术治疗方法有明显的优势。但对运动员患者应用此方法时,应与训练安排紧密结合起来,才能收到最大的效果。     

Effects of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy on Tiered Therapy Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators

The effects of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) were tested on four advanced generation implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) in vitro and in vivo in two patients. During in vitro testing, advancement of nonsustained episode counters occurred in one device, and a set screw and power source cell loosened in another, which was connected to an external power source. No arrhythmias occurred during in vivo procedures, but programmed parameters were reset and elective replacement indicated after one procedure. ESWL can be performed safely in selected patients with ICDs, but testing should be performed afterwards to confirm satisfactory function and component continuity.     

Effect of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy on Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator

Extracorporeal shock wave Jithotripsy (ESWL) is frequently used for nephrolithiasis of the upper urinary tract. Because of the powerful shock wave and electromechanical forces created, this therapy has been contraindicated in the patient with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). To determine whether or not ESWL affects ICD devices, we subjected ten devices to a full course of ESWL. The devices were then returned to the manufacturer to undergo bench analysis, which revealed no abnormalities in function. Additionally, one device was placed in the pathway of the shock wave, resulting in a discharge of the device despite a frequency of ESWL of 100 shocks/min (well below the rate cutoff of that device). Manufacturer analysis of this device, likewise, revealed no abnormalities even though the device had been exposed to the focal point of the shock wave. We conclude that contralateral ESWL is not contraindicated for the patient with an ICD. We do, however, recommend a postprocedure evaluation to ensure appropriate function of the ICD.     

鞘内注射姜黄素对坐骨神经结扎损伤大鼠的影响

【目的】探讨姜黄素对神经病理性痛（NP）大鼠疼痛行为及大鼠脊髓背角NMDA2B受体表达的影响及作用机制。【方法】将雄性SD大鼠鞘内置管后制作坐骨神经慢性压迫性损伤（CCI）模型,取75只随机分为5组（n=15）实验对照组、假手术组、溶剂对照组、姜黄素100组及姜黄素500组。测定大鼠术侧机械痛阚值和热痛阈值。在术后d3、d7、d14分批处死大鼠（n=5）,用免疫组织化学法测定NMDA2B受体在脊髓背角神经元的动态变化。【结果】大鼠术侧脊髓背角浅层内NMDA2B阳性神经元明显增多,姜黄素可减轻NP大鼠的疼痛行为,也能够明显减少脊髓背角神经元中NMDA2B表达。【结论】鞘内注射姜黄素可剂量依赖性缓解CCI大鼠NP,其机制可能与降低NMDA2B受体的表达有关。     

Effect of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy on Muscle Mass and Function in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

Patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) are susceptible to muscle wasting and decreased muscle function, resulting in shorter survival time. This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT) on muscle mass and function in patients on MHD. This single blind controlled study was conducted on patients on MHD from September 2018 to December 2019. Eighteen patients were enrolled in the rESWT and control groups. rESWT was performed once a week for 12 wk in both quadriceps femoris muscles of the ESWT group. Finally, 15 patients were assessed for body composition, handgrip strength, physical performance and blood chemistry before rESWT, after rESWT and at a 12-wk follow-up. Leg lean mass and appendicular skeletal muscle mass index increased significantly in the ESWT group compared with the control group (p = 0.001 and p = 0.017). The timed up-and-go test and sit-to-stand tests revealed greater significant improvement in the ESWT group (p = 0.023 and p = 0.046). This study is the first to report that rESWT can improve muscle mass and function in MHD patients. A subsequent study will be conducted to validate the clinical effects of rESWT in a larger sample of patients undergoing MHD.     

应用人工神经修复大鼠坐骨神经损伤的实验研究

目的观察应用复合碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)-壳聚糖导管修复大鼠周围神经损伤的效果。方法成年Wistar大鼠25 只分为假手术组(n=10)、单纯损伤组(n=5)和人工神经修复组(n=10)。假手术组仅暴露坐骨神经5 mm,单纯损伤组暴露坐骨神经并切断,人工神经修复组以复合bFGF-壳聚糖导管桥接缺损。术后对实验动物的坐骨神经进行大体观察,对运动进行行为观察,以及组织化学和免疫组织化学方法评价神经再生情况和靶肌肉恢复情况。结果术后5 周,与单纯损伤组相比,人工神经修复组运动功能有一定程度恢复。人工神经修复组再生的坐骨神经已经通过bFGF-壳聚糖导管越过缺损并与远端相连接。免疫组织化学方法显示,坐骨神经再生段可观察到神经微丝(NF)阳性和S-100 阳性纤维。应用Masson 染色方法,可观察到人工神经修复组腓肠肌去纤维化程度相对于单纯损伤组有明显改善。结论应用bFGF-壳聚糖导管能有效修复周围神经损伤并使大鼠运动功能得到改善。     

坐骨神经损伤模型的量化研究

目的:对SD大鼠坐骨神经钳夹伤模型进行量化研究,确定不同压力对坐骨神经造成的损伤程度,建立符合SunderlandⅤ度分类法中坐骨神经损伤模型。方法:对JZ06Cr 14 cm止血钳进行压力测定,采用JZ06Cr 14 cm止血钳进行造模,将32只4周龄健康清洁级雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组,正常对照组(8只)及压力组(1扣压力亚组、2扣压力亚组、3扣压力亚组各8只),分别于造模后30 min检测各组神经传导速度(NCV),并取神经进行HE染色观察。结果:止血钳压力测定显示止血钳1扣压力约16 N,2扣压力约为31N,3扣压力约为46 N。1扣压力亚组的坐骨神经传导速度与正常对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05),形态学显示神经纤维平行排列,结构致密,轴突、髓鞘、神经内膜束膜都完好无破裂;2扣压力亚组的NCV与正常对照组、1扣压力亚组之间相比差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),形态学可见神经纤维断裂,神经内膜发生部分损害,结构紊乱;3扣压力亚组的部分NCV无法测出,并与其他各组之间差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),形态学可见神经纤维断裂,神经外膜与束膜均保持完整。结论:约16 N压力坐骨神经钳夹伤模型符合SunderlandⅠ度损伤;约31 N压力坐骨神经钳夹伤模型符合SunderlandⅡ或Ⅲ度损伤;约46 N压力坐骨神经钳夹伤模型符合SunderlandⅢ度损伤。     

冲击波疗法结合针刺对脑卒中后上肢痉挛状态的疗效分析

目的:观察体外冲击波疗法(ESWT)联合针刺对脑卒中后上肢肌肉痉挛状态的疗效和安全性。方法:伴上肢肌肉痉挛的脑卒中患者70例,随机分为对照组和ESWT组各35例。2组均予常规康复训练方法及针刺治疗,ESWT组增加上肢肱二头肌EWST治疗,每周1次,治疗4周。采用改良Ashworth量表(MAS)、上肢简化的Fugl-Meyer评分(U-FMA)、改良Barthel指数(MBI)及基于卒中病患者报告的临床结局评价量表(PRO)分别于治疗前、治疗4周后对2组患者进行评估,并且应用PRO量表在治疗结束3月时评价远期临床结局疗效。结果:治疗4周后,2组患者MAS、U-FMA、MBI评分及PRO较组内治疗前均有显著改善(P0.05),ESWT组MAS、U-FMA、MBI评分及PRO评分较对照组明显改善(P0.05)。治疗结束3月时随访,2组的PRO积分较治疗前均有提高(P0.05),ESWT组的PRO积分明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:ESWT结合针刺治疗可改善脑卒中后上肢痉挛,有效地提高患者的运动功能和日常生活能力,且有一定远期临床疗效。     

体外冲击波联合针灸对脑卒中患者上肢屈肌痉挛状态的疗效观察

目的:观察体外冲击波治疗(ESWT)联合针灸对脑卒中上肢屈肌痉挛状态患者的治疗效果。方法:脑卒中后上肢单瘫恢复期伴有上肢屈肌肌张力增高的患者80例,随机分为对照组、针灸组、ESWT组和联合组,每组20例,均给予常规康复治疗,针灸组另予针灸治疗,ESWT组另予ESWT,联合组另予针灸联合ESWT治疗,连续治疗4周。应用改良Ashworth量表(MAS)、简化Fugl-Meyer评定法上肢部分(U-FMA)和Barthel指数(BI)分别于治疗前后对患者的上肢屈肌痉挛情况、运动功能及日常生活能力进行评定。结果:治疗前各组MAS、U-FMA、BI评分差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗4周后,各组MAS评分较治疗前明显降低,U-FMA、BI评分较治疗前升高(P0.05),联合组的MAS评分低于对照组、ESWT组、针灸组,U-FMA、BI评分高于对照组、ESWT组、针灸组(P0.05)。结论:ESWT联合针灸对脑卒中上肢屈肌痉挛状态患者疗效显著,且安全无副作用。     

Effects of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field and Swimming Exercise on Rats with Experimental Sciatic Nerve Injury

[Purpose] The current study aimed to reveal the therapeutic effects of a pulsed electromagnetic field and swimming exercises on rats with experimental sciatic nerve injury, which was induced with crush-type neuropathy model damage, using electrophysiological methods. [Subjects] In the current study, the sample consisted of 28 adult male Wistar albino rats. [Methods] The rats were randomized into four groups (n=7). Swimming exercise and PEMF (2 Hz and 0.3 MT) were applied one hour a day, five days a week, for four weeks. Electroneuromyographic (ENMG) measurements were taken on day 7. [Results] When the data were evaluated, it was found that the 4 weeks of PEMF and swimming exercises led to an increase in motor conduction rates and a decrease in latency values, but the changes were not significant in comparison with the control and injury groups. The compound muscle action potential (CMAP) values of the left leg were lower in weeks 2, 3, and 4 in the swimming exercise group in comparison with the control group, although for the PEMF group, the CMAP values of the left leg reached the level observed in the control group beginning in week 3. [Conclusion] PEMF and swimming exercise made positive contributions to nerve regeneration after week 1, and regeneration was enhanced.Key words: Pulsed electromagnetic field, Swimming exercise, Nerve regeneration     

Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for Relief of Arthralgia in Rheumatoid Arthritis

More than one‐third of the population with rheumatoid arthritis requires adjuvant analgesic treatment after antirheumatic therapy. In addition to analgesics, another option is radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT), a novel physical therapy that has been successfully used in the treatment of many types of chronic soft tissue pain. We report a series of 15 patients who suffered from arthralgia after being on disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs for more than 3 months. Participants received rESWT for 3 months as an adjuvant therapy. Compared to the pretherapy baseline, follow‐up at 3 months post‐therapy revealed a significant reduction in resting state visual analog scale scores from 2.90 ± 0.74 to 0.80 ± 0.79 (P = 0.004), active state visual analog scale scores from 5.70 ± 1.33 to 2.20 ± 0.63 (P < 0.001), morning stiffness duration from 2.25 ± 0.79 to 1.05 ± 0.69 hours (P = 0.004), disease activity score with 28‐joint counts based on erythrocyte sedimentation rate from 6.34 ± 0.72 to 4.19 ± 0.59 (P = 0.001), and Health Assessment Questionnaire scores from 10.20 ± 2.35 to 5.00 ± 2.62 (P = 0.005). The pre–post changes in erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C‐reactive protein were not statistically significant. By the end of treatment, 11 participants stopped analgesics completely; the other 4 participants were on a smaller dosage. No severe adverse effects related to rESWT were observed. To our knowledge, this is the first report using this therapy to treat arthralgia in rheumatoid arthritis.     

玻璃酸钠注射配合体外冲击波治疗膝骨关节炎的临床观察

目的观察膝关节腔注射玻璃酸钠配合体外冲击波治疗膝骨关节炎的疗效。方法 50例膝骨关节炎患者分为两组:研究组(关节腔注射玻璃酸钠配合体外冲击波治疗,n=22)和对照组(关节腔注射玻璃酸钠配合复方倍他米松痛点注射,n=28),关节腔注射治疗均为每周1次,5周为1个疗程。于治疗前及结束后1周记录安静时疼痛、运动时疼痛、疼痛消失的时间、应用糖皮质激素或体外冲击波治疗的次数、患者治疗后的疗效及副作用。结果治疗后两组患者症状均明显缓解,除治疗1周时对照组症状减轻程度较研究组明显(P0.01)外,其余各时间段两组疗效均相当(P0.05)。结论关节腔注射玻璃酸钠结合体外冲击波治疗膝骨关节炎安全有效。     

超短波对大鼠坐骨神经损伤后神经传导速度及其损伤运动神经元内VEGF表达的影响

目的研究超短波治疗对大鼠坐骨神经钳夹伤后神经传导速度(MCV)及其相应水平脊髓运动神经元内血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达的影响。方法选取60只SD大鼠,钳夹其坐骨神经制作周围神经损伤模型,然后随机分为实验组、对照组各24只和假手术组12只。实验组术后对其坐骨神经钳夹伤处进行超短波辐射。对照组术后进行无效辐射。假手术组仅暴露单侧坐骨神经。三组大鼠分别于术后1、2、4和6周末采用电生理及免疫组织化学染色方法观察超短波治疗对大鼠坐骨神经MCV及其L_4～5脊髓运动神经元VEGF阳性染色颗粒及吸光度水平的变化。结果术后1周,实验组和对照组大鼠损伤侧坐骨神经MCV值均未测出,术后2周起实验组和对照组大鼠损伤侧坐骨神经MCV值可测出,且超短波治疗组大鼠术后2、4、6周其损伤侧坐骨神经MCV值均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。超短波治疗组大鼠L_4～5脊髓运动神经元VEGF阳性染色颗粒平均积分吸光度值(IOD)在术后各同一时间点均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论超短波能促进大鼠周围神经损伤后MCV的恢复,增加其损伤脊髓运动神经元中VEGF的表达,改善组织缺血缺氧,对大鼠坐骨神经钳夹伤后神经的修复起保护作用。     

神经妥乐平联合神经阻滞治疗腰椎间盘突出致根性坐骨神经痛

目的 :神经妥乐平 (neurotropin ,NTP)是家兔皮肤接种牛痘病毒后局部炎症皮肤中提取的生物活性物质 ,本研究旨在观察该药及与神经阻滞疗法联合应用治疗腰椎间盘突出致根性坐骨神经痛的临床效果。方法 :CT或MRI证实的腰椎间盘突出、并有单侧坐骨神经痛的患者 10 2例 ,分 (1)神经阻滞组 (NB ,n =4 5 ) :骶管注射 +L2～ 5椎旁注射 ,每周 1次 ,连续 5周 ;(2 )神经阻滞 +神经妥乐平组 (NB +NTP组 ,n =35 ) :骶管注射 +L2～ 5椎旁注射同NB组 ,每周 1次 ,2周后骶管内追加NTP 6ml,其余同以往治疗 ,在行神经阻滞治疗间隙每天肌肉注射 3ml神经妥乐平。 5周治疗结束后进行疗效评价 ,并观察其中 16例患者治疗前后肌电图的变化 ;(3)神经妥乐平组 (NTP ,n =2 2 ) :前 2周仅给予口服非甾体类消炎止痛药物 (如莫比可、英太青 ) ,2周后开始予神经妥乐平 6ml/d肌肉注射共 2周 ,最后 1周改为 3ml/d肌注 ,比较治疗前后的疼痛缓解情况。结果 :(1)单独使用神经妥乐平可以明显缓解腰椎间盘突出引起的坐骨神经痛 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;(2 )神经妥乐平不仅能明显提高神经阻滞疗法缓解根性坐骨神经痛的作用 ,两者联合应用 ,还可明显缓解神经根受压所致的下肢麻木 (P <0 .0 1) ;(3)除极少数病例出现皮肤过敏反应 ,NTP用于治疗坐骨神经痛无