对护理本科生人际关系和心理健康的调查分析

目的了解护理专业学生的人际关系、心理健康状况及其联系,并与其他不同专业学生进行比较,为护理专业学生健康成长提供一定依据。方法采用人际关系综合量表和症状自评量表（SCL-90）对江南大学147名护理本科生和649名其他专业本科生进行人际关系与心理健康状况的调查,并应用SPSS16．0进行统计分析。结果护理专业学生交谈困扰得分低于其他专业,但与异性交往困扰得分高于其他专业（P均〈0．05）,两者人际关系总分及其他各因子分比较差异均无统计学意义（P均〉0．05）;护理专业学生心理健康总体情况好于其他专业学生;护理专业各年级学生在人际交往困扰总分上比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,在心理健康总分与各因子分（除敌对因子）上比较差异具有统计学意义（P均〈0．05）。护理专业学生人际关系与心理健康呈中等相关。结论护理专业学生心理健康状况好于其他专业,人际关系的各个维度对学生的心理健康都有影响,学生人际交往能力的高低可以衡量其心理是否健康。     

中等职业医学生心理健康状况调查

[目的]了解某中等职业卫生学校医学生心理健康状况。[方法]采用中学生心理健康诊断量表(MHT)对某中职卫生学校244名二年级医学生进行调查。[结果]总体过度焦虑检出率为2.05%,学习焦虑因子得分最高;护理专业学生仅在学习焦虑和恐怖倾向两个因子上得分显著高于非护理专业学生,女生学习焦虑、对人焦虑、自责倾向、恐怖倾向因子得分显著高于男生。[结论]该校中职医学生总体心理健康状况良好,女生心理健康状况普遍比男生差。     

中等职业医学生心理健康状况调查

[目的]了解某中等职业卫生学校医学生心理健康状况.[方法]采用中学生心理健康诊断量表（MHT）对某中职卫生学校244名二年级医学生进行调查.[结果]总体过度焦虑检出率为2.05％,学习焦虑因子得分最高;护理专业学生仅在学习焦虑和恐怖倾向两个因子上得分显著高于非护理专业学生,女生学习焦虑、对人焦虑、自责倾向、恐怖倾向因子得分显著高于男生.[结论]该校中职医学生总体心理健康状况良好,女生心理健康状况普遍比男生差.     

某医科大学护理与非护理本科生职业价值取向调查分析

目的调查并分析某医科大学护理及非护理本科生的职业价值取向,了解这两类人群职业价值取向的差异。方法按照便利抽样法选取某医科大学护理本科学生145名和非护理本科生158名,采用职业价值取向量表和自编影响因素问卷对进行调查。结果护理本科生职业价值取向各维度的得分均高于非护理本科生,其中经济取向、劳保稳定取向、个人发展取向、家庭取向、个人兴趣取向维度的得分经比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);护理本科生与非护理本科生在工资收入高、福利好、有较高的社会地位、晋升机会多、交通便利、自主性大、学以致用、和家人在一起等8个条目的得分上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);非护理本科生各年级的职业价值取向差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而护理专业各年级的职业价值取向差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论护理本科生在职业选择上,职业价值的要求总体比非护理专业高,但各年级职业价值取向差异大,同时护理本科生更注重学以致用和职业发展。     

护理专业大学新生心理健康状况及其影响因素的实证性研究

目的 调查护理本、专科新生的心理健康状况并分析其影响因素。方法 采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）、应对方式问卷（CSQ）及自行设计的问卷对265名护理本专科新生进行测评。结果 护理专业新生9个因子与常模相比差异显著；各种心理问题检出率分布在0．8％～5．4％之间；不同学历层次及不同经济背景的学生在不同健康因子上的得分有显著差异。结论 护理新生心理健康状况不容乐观，应重视相关研究，积极采取有针对性的干预教育策略。     

护理专业学生情绪问题影响因素探讨

[目的]了解护理专业学生情绪问题现状及相关影响因素,为针对性地实施心理干预提供依据。[方法]采用随机整群抽样方法抽取784名本校护理专业学生作为研究对象,运用一般情况调查问卷、Beck焦虑量表、Beck抑郁量表、社交回避及苦恼量表对学生进行问卷调查。[结果]学生焦虑和抑郁相关,抑郁和社交回避及苦恼相关;焦虑水平高的影响因素为父母单亡、首选求助对象为自己;抑郁水平高的影响因素为男生、非学生干部、来自边远农村、父母单亡、冷漠的家庭氛围、中等水平的专业满意度;社交回避及苦恼水平高的影响因素为非学生干部、专科生、冷漠的家庭氛围。[结论]护理专业学生的人口学变量对其情绪有影响,且情绪变量之间相关,心理健康教育工作中应关注学生情绪症状群。     

女性护理专业学生心理健康相关因素分析

目的:分析护理专业学生心理健康的影响因素。方法:于2005-12-01/15按整群抽样法抽取西安市高校在读的护理专业学生515名作为被调查对象。症状自评量表总分≥187为高分组,总分≤116为低分组。高分组与低分组配比的条件是均为女性,年龄相差不超过3岁。采用症状自评量表、简易应对方式问卷、自尊量表、护理专业学生相关状况调查表进行问卷调查。对调查变量进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果:共发放问卷515份,其中2名学生生病未填写调查表,应答率为99.6%。调查中有效问卷共507份,有效率为98.8%。症状自评量表总分高分组与低分组学生各100名。①护理专业学生心理健康相关个人因素(计量变量)单因素分析结果:高分组积极应对、自尊水平得分明显低于低分组(20.47±5.02,22.15±6.02;25.91±3.60,30.96±3.25),差异有显著性意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。高分组消极应对得分明显高于低分组(12.57±4.08,8.00±4.12),差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。②护理专业学生心理健康相关个人因素(二分类变量)单因素分析结果表明,高分组与低分组比较差异有显著性的因素有独生子女、远离家人、孤独、学习压力大、担心拿不到学位、自我实现需要的满足、经常被人误会、受人歧视、失恋、有知心朋友、无处倾诉苦恼、睡眠型态紊乱、近1年来本人健康改变、适应新环境、经常参加体育活动、担心毕业分配、现有最担心的事情。③多因素分析显示,学习压力大(OR=10.017)、近1年来本人健康改变(OR=4.384)为护理专业学生心理健康状况不良的独立危险因素,而自我实现需要的满足(OR=0.037)、高水平自尊(OR=0.357)是保护因素。结论:护理专业学生心理健康状况与教育、成长、社会环境等多方面因素相关,其心理健康干预需考虑学生的个人因素有针对性地进行。     

山东省护理本科男生心理健康状况调查研究

目的了解护理本科男生（以下简称男生）的心理健康状况及其影响因素,探讨增进其心理健康的对策,以便为男生的心理咨询和心理保健提供依据,促进其身心健康发展。方法采取整群抽样的方法,采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）调查山东省3所大学护理学院男生221名;同时抽取护理学院女生200名,其他专业男生200名作为对照组。结果在男生存在的主要心理问题中,人际敏感的阳性检出率最高（18.55%）,其次为抑郁（13.12%）、焦虑（8.14%）。男生SCL-90各因子除恐怖、偏执、精神病性因子外,其他各因子均分都高于全国青年组;SCL-90各因子除偏执、精神病性因子外,其他各因子均显著高于女生;SCL-90各因子在躯体化、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑因子上得分显著高于其他专业男生,而在敌对因子上得分低于其他专业男生,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。男生心理健康问题受到多种因素影响。结论男生存在的心理问题较多,高校教育工作者应认识到对其身心造成不良影响的因素,以便有针对性地采取措施,提高他们的心理素质和社会、职业适应能力,使其身心健康地成长,成为护理事业合格的后备力量。     

高等护理专业学生心理弹性现状及影响因素分析

目的 研究高等护理专业学生心理弹性现状及其影响因素.方法 采用一般情况调查表、Connor-Davidson心理弹性量表中文版、护生职业认同问卷、特质应对方式问卷、社会支持评定量表和艾森克人格问卷对693名高等护理专业学生进行抽样调查.结果 高等护理专业学生心理弹性得分为（66.79±11.93）分,不同年级护生心理弹性得分差异有统计学意义,专业认知、职业期盼、人际交往满意度对护生心理弹性有显著影响;高等护理专业学生心理弹性与积极应对、职业认同感、社会支持和内外向存在显著正相关,与消极应对、神经质和精神质存在显著负相关.进一步回归分析发现,积极应对、职业认同感、内外向和神经质对心理弹性有显著预测力,解释率达48.6％.结论 高等护理专业学生心理弹性得分偏低.护理教育者可以根据不同时期护生心理弹性特点及影响因素,针对性地对护生进行心理干预,培养学生职业情感,引导学生积极应对,塑造学生健全人格,以提高学生心理弹性水平,促进其身心健康.     

护理专业男生心理健康状况及与人格特征的相关性研究

目的了解医科大学护理专业男生心理健康状况及与人格特征的相关性。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)对广州某医科大学105名护理专业男生进行测评。结果①护理专业男生SCL-90各因子得分均显著低于大学生常模(P0.01或P0.001),强迫和精神病性2个因子得分高于国内成人常模(P0.01或P0.001),与护理专业女生得分相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。②护理专业本、专科男生SCL-90各因子得分仅在躯体化因子上差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。本科护理专业男、女生SCL-90各因子得分差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。专科护理专业男、女生仅在人际敏感、恐怖2个因子得分上差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。③护理专业男生SCL-90总分及各因子分与人格问卷的内外向维度分呈负相关(P0.05或P0.01)(除敌意因子外),与神经质维度分呈正相关(P0.05或P0.01),其中SCL-90均分与神经质维度相关最为密切(r=0.687)。结论护理专业男生心理健康状况好于普通大学生,情绪稳定、外向等人格特征有利于提高护理专业男生的心理健康水平。     

高职护生自我概念、应对方式及心理健康相关研究

目的了解高职护生自我概念、应对方式及其心理健康之间的相关性,为培养和引导积极的自我概念、健康的心态和良好的应对策略提供理论依据。方法使用分层、随机抽样法抽取340名护生。采用田纳西自我概念量表(大学生版)、简易应对方式问卷、症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行调查。结果(1)高职护生自我概念及SCL-90各因子得分的年级间差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而应对方式的年级差异无统计学意义(P0.05);(2)高职护生SCL-90各因子分及总分均高于中国常模,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);(3)自我概念和积极应对可正向预测心理健康,而消极应对可负向预测心理健康。结论自我概念和应对方式对高职护生的心理健康具有较好的预测效果,培养和引导积极的自我概念、良好的应对方式是确保高职护生心理健康的有效路径。     

简易客观结构化临床考试在大专护生健康评估能力评价中的应用

目的 探讨简易客观结构化临床考试(OSCE)在大专护生健康评估能力评价中的应用效果.方法 根据临床调研、访谈、专题研讨会等界定临床对大专护士健康评估知识、能力、态度的基本要求,在探讨大专护生应具备的评估能力内涵的基础上,构建基于OSCE的多站式考核方案,对05～09级3 404名护理大专生进行考核、成绩分析及问卷调查.结果 简易OSCE考试方案难度适中,有较好的信度与效度,与相关课程考试成绩显著相关,考生对考试满意度高.结论 简易OSCE能客观有效地评价大专护生的健康评估能力.     

团体心理辅导在精神专科护士培训教学中的应用研究

目的 探讨团体心理辅导在精神专科护士培训教学中对学员心理健康状况、压力调整及应对方式的影响.方法 对39名参加四川省精神专科护士培训班的学员进行为期10周,每周一次,共10次的规范化团体心理辅导,采用SCL-90、压力自测量表、简易应对方式问卷、自制的教学质量评价表作为研究工具,对所有学员培训前后进行评估.结果 (1)团体心理辅导前,学员的心理健康水平(SCL-90评分)仅在强迫症状(3.69±0.67)/(常模1.62±0.58)(t=6.21,P=0.000)和人际关系(3.33±0.60)/(常模1.65±0.61)(t=11.34,P=0.000)两项显著高于常模,差异有显著意义;经过辅导后,人际关系因子分(2.08±0.4)较辅导前(3.33±0.60)显著下降,差异有显著意义(t=3.43,P=0.001);(2)压力量表总分辅导后(9.15±3.77)较辅导前(11.08±3.59)低,差异有显著意义(t=3.43,P=0.001);消极应对因子分由辅导前的(10.26±3.40)下降为辅导后的(8.59±2.78),差异有显著意义(t=3.59,P=0.001);(3)人际关系、调控情绪、师生关系、职业发展、总体收获几个方面,学员自己感到满意的比例均超过了90％.结论 团体心理辅导在精神专科护士培训教学中,对改善学员的心理健康状况、调整压力及应对方式起着重要的作用,也受到学员的好评.     

《精神科护理学》纳入护理课程体系的必要性

为满足现代护理发展的需要，顺应培养适应21世纪高素质实用型人才的要求，我院将(精神科护理学)纳入护理教学体系。实践证明，为护理专业学生开设《精神科护理学》课程是必要的和可行的。     

国外护理质量和护理安全研究文献回顾

随着《护士条例》的颁布,人们在关注护士地位、待遇及护理质量对患者疗效和疾病恢复的影响的同时．也更加关注护理质量和安全问题。国外在此方面研究较多,国内也逐渐开始重视护理质量与护理安全问题的研究。现将国外有关此类研究的文献回顾如下。     

健康教育路径对血液病患者住层流室期间心理状态影响的研究

目的探讨健康教育路径对血液病患者住层流室期间心理健康水平的影响,以指导临床护理。方法将我院100例住层流室的血液病患者随机分为两组,每组各50例,观察组采用健康教育路径进行护理干预,对照组采用传统教育方法,应用焦虑和抑郁自评量表（SAS、SDS）分别对两组患者入室前和出室后的心理状况进行评估。结果两组患者入室前SAS、SDS得分差异均无显著意义（P〉0.05）,观察组护理干预后患者的SAS、SDS得分均明显降低（P〈0.01）,而对照组无明显变化（P〉0.05）。结论健康教育路径的应用可以明显减轻层流病房患者的焦虑和抑郁情绪,提高健康教育的效果。     

The impact of volunteering in mental health settings on nursing students' attitudes

Nursing faculties are working to improve students’ attitudes towards mental illness and people with severe mental illness, given the repercussions a lack of knowledge and negative attitudes may have on the quality of care. Complementing undergraduate programmes with volunteering activities affords students the opportunity to interact with people with a severe mental illness, and allow them to develop positive attitudes and overcome prejudice. Aim: to explore and deepen in nursing students attitudes prior to and following volunteering on an Acute Mental Health Inpatient Unit. By means of mixed methods approach, students were assessed at two time points by questionnaires including “Community Attitudes to Mental Illness” and “Semantic Differential”, and by testimonies gathered from interviews. Positives changes in attitudes were identified and monitored over time capturing a destigmatizing tendency. The participation in educational strategies such as volunteering in Acute Mental Health Inpatient Unit, complementary to undergraduate programmes and clinical placements in mental health, allows nursing students to develop more diversified and positive attitudes towards mental illness and people with severe mental illness. The impact of an interventional education strategy is not as powerful in nursing students as it might be in students of other non-healthcare oriented university degrees due to their baseline attitudes.     

Attempts at innovations in the practice of teaching and practicing psychiatric nursing

In the context of recent changes that are taking place in the field of mental health care in Brazil, the University has the responsibility to redimensioning human resources qualification of mental health workers. At the Mental Health Care and Educational Program of the University of S?o Paulo and S?o Paulo Health Office (S?o Paulo/Brazil), an experience still in course, the nursing students attending to psychiatric nurse training evaluated that theoretical-practical education dealing with health care issue in the field of Psychosocial Rehabilitation purpose, at the same time that directly interferes in the qualification of practices, simultaneously develops the students attitudes and knowledge that qualify them to perform coherent practices in accordance with rehabilitation models of care.     

A public school-based referral system for psychiatric mental health nursing experiences

Numerous advantages are anticipated with the implementation of the school-based referral system as a method of providing outpatient clinical experiences for a group of Psychiatric/Mental Health Nursing students. The school setting, when used as a clinical site, can provide valuable learning experiences where the student can apply the nursing process with individuals, families and groups. This multi-dimensional involvement reinforces family systems theory as well as group concepts. The nature of the students' experiences through the school-based referral system gives them the opportunity to increase their knowledge and understanding of the three levels of prevention: primary, secondary, and tertiary. The referrals generally constitute secondary intervention, with early recognition/intervention being the focus. Students are also encouraged to assess for factors that would place a child at risk for the development of other problems. With the identification of such factors, primary intervention strategies can be structured and implemented to reduce the child's risk. In some cases, students are involved in tertiary prevention, with a rehabilitative approach employed to assist individuals/families cope with a long-term problem situation. This expanded clinical experience facilitates the application of leadership concepts and reinforces the collaborative role of the nurse in the multidisciplinary provision of client services. Since the Psychiatric/Mental Health component of the curriculum is in the senior year, involvement in such a clinical experience also provides the students with a positive stimulus for the assumption of their professional roles and an opportunity to synthesize all previous learning.     

Similarities and differences in well-being between Australian,Saudi Arabian and South African pre-registration nursing students

BackgroundEmotional wellbeing is essential for mental and physical health. Although all university students are vulnerable to psychological distress, nursing students are particularly susceptible, and recognised at higher risk due to the stressful nature of the nursing program.AimThe aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare the demographic characteristics and emotional wellbeing with regard to levels of anxiety, depression, behavioural control, positive affect and general distress of preregistration nursing students in Australia, Saudi Arabia and South Africa.DesignCross-sectional design.MethodsA total of 1381 pre-registration nursing students from two universities in Saudi Arabia and one university in both Australia and South Africa completed the self-report measurement tool, the Mental Health Inventory. A one-way analysis of variance was used to compare well-being among pre-registration nursing students in these three countries.FindingsThe results revealed that when compared to the Australian and South African cohorts, the Saudi Arabian cohort had significantly higher anxiety (Australia M = 26.79, SD = 8.15; Saudi Arabia M = 33.12, SD = 8.24; South Africa M = 29.48, SD = 7.54), depression, (Australia M = 10.15, SD = 3.65; Saudi Arabia M = 13.10, SD = 4.49; South Africa M = 11.83, SD = 3.72), and lower scores in the Mental Health Inventory (Australia M = 152.44, SD = 28.60; Saudi Arabia M = 138.11, SD = 30.09; South Africa M = 145.67, SD = 26.32).ConclusionThere were statistically significant differences in overall psychological distress and well-being among students in the three countries. Strategies to improve emotional wellbeing and reduce the negative aspects of mental health such as anxiety and depression of preregistration nursing students are needed.