480例住院新生儿的病死率及死亡原因分析

目的分析住院新生儿病死率以及死亡新生儿的临床特点及死亡原因,为研究及制定降低新生儿病死率的针对性策略提供依据。方法收集2008年1月至2014年12月期间480例死亡新生儿的临床资料,分析不同年份、不同出生胎龄、出生体重、不同性别、不同日龄新生儿的病死率,并进行死亡新生儿围产期异常因素、死亡原因及死亡等级总结。结果 41 910例住院新生儿中死亡480例,病死率为1.1%,其中早产儿病死率1.7%、足月儿病死率0.7%;住院新生儿病死率从2008年的1.4%降至2014年的1.1%,以出生胎龄32周的早产儿和出生体重1 000 g新生儿的病死率下降最为明显。早产儿和足月儿中出生胎龄越小病死率越高,过期产儿的病死率又有升高。出生体重越低,病死率越高。新生儿病死率以男性较高(1.31%vs 0.92%,P0.05)。死亡新生儿中有明确围产期异常因素的占61.3%,包括羊水异常(29.4%),胎膜早破(16.9%),胎盘异常(16.9%),胎儿宫内窘迫(14.0%),脐带异常(12.3%)等。480例死亡新生儿中生后24 h内死亡者57例,占11.9%;2~7 d死亡者181例,占37.7%;8~28 d死亡者242例,占50.4%。前3位死亡原因为:感染、出生缺陷、呼吸窘迫综合征。2008~2011年以呼吸窘迫综合征为新生儿死亡的最主要原因,2012~2014年以感染为最主要的原因。呼吸窘迫综合征是出生胎龄32周早产儿、出生体重1 500 g新生儿及生后24 h内死亡新生儿的最主要原因;感染是出生胎龄32~42周、出生体重1 500~4 000 g及生后8~28 d新生儿死亡的最主要原因。新生儿窒息是过期产儿主要死亡原因。480例中不可避免死亡(一级)的占54.4%;创造条件可能避免死亡(二级)占23.3%;因担心预后或因经济等原因不配合治疗死亡(三级)的占22.3%。结论新生儿救治水平逐步提高,病死率有下降趋势,尤其是胎龄较小及出生体重较低新生儿的病死率下降更明显。加强围产期管理,预防新生儿感染等疾病,增强患儿家长救治信心,是降低新生儿死亡率的重要措施。     

Higher mortality rates among inborn infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units at night

OBJECTIVE: To examine circadian variation in deaths among infants < or =32 weeks' gestation admitted to Canadian neonatal intensive care units (NICU). STUDY DESIGN: We examined all infants (n=5192) between 24 and 32 weeks' gestation with complete data, who were admitted to 17 tertiary Canadian Neonatal Network NICUs from January 1996 to October 1997. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare risk-adjusted early neonatal mortality rates (death within 7 days of NICU admission) of infants admitted during daytime (8 am to 5 pm) with infants admitted at night. RESULTS: Sixty percent (n=3131) of infants were admitted to the NICU at night. Patient risk factors significantly (P<.05) predictive of early neonatal death from multivariable logistic regression were male sex, outborn status, APGAR score <7 at 5 minutes, presence of congenital anomalies, low gestational age, and high admission Score for neonatal acute physiology, version II (SNAP-II). For inborn infants, in-house presence of a neonatal fellow or attending neonatologist at night (odds ratio, 0.6) and NICU admission at night (odds ratio, 1.6) were also predictive. CONCLUSIONS: Risk-adjusted early neonatal mortality odds was 60% higher among inborn infants < or =32 weeks' gestation admitted to NICUs at night compared with during daytime, equivalent to 29 excess deaths per 1000 infants.     

Postnatal age at time of death in infants born at 24-32 weeks' gestation

Medical records of all 483 infants live-born at 24-32 weeks' gestation in our hospital during the years 1982-86 were reviewed in order to determine postnatal age at time of death for those who died in the first year after birth. Twenty-seven died from immaturity without receiving intensive care and 11 died from lethal congenital malformations. Eighty (18%) of the remaining 445 who received intensive care died: 31% on day 1, 45% on days 2-7, 12% on days 8-28 and 11% on days 29-365. The neonatal mortality rate for those receiving intensive care was 160/1000, and the postneonatal mortality rate was 20/1000. Delayed mortality was most common in infants of 26-27 weeks' gestation, with 20% (five) of their deaths occurring after 28 days. In each gestational age range, the majority of hospital admission days were occupied by survivors (24-25 weeks = 62%; 26-27 weeks = 91%; 28-29 weeks = 91%; 30-32 weeks = 99%) rather than non-survivors. Whilst postneonatal mortality is a significant concern, these data suggest that if infants born at less than 33 weeks' gestation are offered intensive care and survive the early neonatal period, the long-term outcome is more likely to be survival rather than delayed death. Furthermore, the majority of hospital admission days invested in such infants involves those who will be discharged home rather than those who will not.     

Shorter hospital stay for moderately preterm infants

AIM: To determine length of hospital stay (LOS) for moderately preterm infants during the last 20 years, and to identify factors affecting the number of bed-days. METHODS: Review of LOS for all infants delivered between 30 to 34 gestational weeks during 1983, 1988, 1993, 1998 and 2002. Exclusion criteria: life-threatening abnormalities, chromosomal anomalies and death during hospitalization. RESULTS: 564 included infants accounted for 20% of admissions and 48% of bed-days in the neonatal unit. Between 1983 and 2002, maternal age and use of nasal continuous positive airway pressure increased, use of antibiotics and mechanical ventilation decreased, whereas distributions for gestational age, birthweight, gender, smallness for gestational age, low Apgar score or incidence of respiratory distress syndrome did not change. For healthy inborn singletons discharged home, LOS decreased from 1983 (28+/-11 d, mean+/-SD values) to 2002 (14+/-7 d, p<0.05). Infants born more immature had longer LOS, but postconceptional age at discharge did not differ between age groups. CONCLUSION: LOS for moderately preterm infants has decreased as a result of individualized neonatal care and organization of homecare support. Shorter LOS is of benefit to the family, prevents overcrowding in the NICU and has important economic implications.     

伊朗伊斯法罕新生儿重症监护中心新生儿气胸的发病因素、发生率和死亡率调查

目的：该研究旨在调查伊朗伊斯法罕新生儿重症监护中心(NICU) 住院新生儿气胸的发病因素、发生率和死亡率。方法：738 例入住NICU的新生儿中,43例发生了气胸。回顾性分析气胸患儿的临床资料,包括胎龄、出生体重、Apgar评分、出生方式、母亲年龄、产次、围产期窒息、出生时复苏、气胸发生部位、机械通气情况、肺表面活性物质治疗、肺部疾病等。结果：气胸患儿平均胎龄为31周,出生体重为1 596 g。12例（28%）患儿胎龄小于28周。28例（65%）出生体重低于1 500 g。共43 例(5.8%)新生儿发生了气胸。97%的气胸为单侧（n=63),双侧气胸仅占3%（n=2）。呼吸窘迫综合征(40/43, 93%)和机械通气(37/43, 86%)是导致气胸发生的常见原因。共28例(65%)患儿死亡。死亡患儿与幸存患儿出生体重、胎龄及胸管留置时间差异有统计学意义。需要肺表面活性物质治疗的气胸患儿死亡率显著增加,与无需表面活性物质治疗的气胸患儿比较差异有统计学意义。结论：该研究中气胸的发生率与死亡率高于其他报道,其原因可能是该研究中新生儿出生体重和胎龄都较低。呼吸窘迫综合征和机械通气是导致新生儿气胸发生的常见原因。患儿胎龄越小,体重越低,肺部疾病越严重,死亡率则越高。     

Cup feeding: an alternative to bottle feeding in a neonatal intensive care unit.

Cup feeding has been suggested as an alternative to bottle feeding to help promote breastfeeding by avoiding nipple confusion. To demonstrate the possibility and utility of cup feeding, records of 59 preterm and low birthweight babies (born before 37 weeks' gestation) admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from May 1995 to April 1996 were analyzed. Feeding was initiated on cup if swallowing was present and cup feeding was possible as early as 29 weeks' gestational age with a birthweight of 900 g. In the case of five infants (38 per cent) in the gestational age group 28-30 weeks, 19 infants (52 per cent) in the 31-34 weeks' gestation group, and six (56 per cent) in the 35-37 weeks' gestation group, feeding could be commenced directly with a cup. Out of 59 infants, 33 infants (56 per cent) could be discharged on exclusive breastfeeding. It was concluded that cup feeding is a useful alternative to bottle feeding and an effective method of feeding preterm and small infants in NICU. Cup feeding allows successful breastfeeding without causing 'nipple confusion'.     

Prognostic value of the immediate response to surfactant.

AIM--To evaluate the association between the immediate response to surfactant treatment and morbidity and mortality in infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome. METHODS--The response to surfactant was defined as the difference in the arterial:alveolar (delta a:A) ratio before and one hour after the first surfactant dose. Measurements were obtained from 253 Israeli infants participating in the multi-centre Curosurf 4 trial of surfactant replacement therapy. RESULTS--Delta a:A ratios ranged from -0.115 to 0.8 and were significantly related to both birth weight and gestational age. Among infants weighing 1001-1500 g mortality decreased from 40% among very bad responders to zero among good responders. The incidence of pneumothorax decreased with better response. Logistic regression analysis showed a hierarchy of predictive power for mortality: birth weight or gestational age; immediate response to surfactant; severity of initial disease. CONCLUSION--The immediate response to surfactant treatment is a significant prognostic indicator for mortality and morbidity.     

极早产儿初始无创持续气道正压呼吸支持失败的多中心队列研究

目的分析出生胎龄<32周的极早产儿初始无创持续气道正压(CPAP)呼吸支持失败的危险因素及其不良结局。方法采取多中心前瞻性观察性队列研究,收集山东新生儿协作网中30家医院新生儿重症监护病房2019年出生的出生胎龄 25~31⁺⁶周极早产儿的围生期资料、临床救治情况和结局。根据生后初始无创CPAP的结局分为失败组和成功组。采用χ²检验或Fisher确切概率法和非参数检验比较两组间危险因素的差异,并对差异有统计学意义的危险因素进一步进行二元Logistic回归分析。结果共纳入极早产儿 1 040例,其中男577例(55.5%),女463例(44.5%);出生胎龄25~28+6周195例(18.8%),29~31⁺⁶周845例(81.2%);出生体重<1 000 g 81例(7.8%),出生体重≥1 000 g 959例(92.2%)。失败组138例(13.3%),成功组902例(86.7%)。出生胎龄 25~28⁺⁶周、29~31⁺⁶周的初始无创CPAP失败率分别为24.6% (48/195)、10.7% (90/845)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,较小的出生胎龄、母亲妊娠期高血压疾病、生后发生Ⅲ~Ⅳ级呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)、需用肺表面活性物质(PS)≥2次、吸入氧浓度>0.30是初始无创CPAP失败的独立危险因素(OR=0.718、1.847、4.003、6.712、1.948,95%CI:0.590~0.873、1.130~3.018、2.435~6.579、3.160~14.259、1.189~3.192,均P<0.05);失败组的病死率和新生儿肺出血、中重度支气管肺发育不良、重度脑室内出血不良结局的发生率均明显高于成功组(OR=4.436、26.393、1.998、4.545,95%CI:2.106~9.344、9.690~71.885、1.031~3.875、1.615~12.795,均P<0.05)。结论出生胎龄<32周的极早产儿初始无创CPAP失败主要不良结局的发生率较高;出生胎龄较小、母亲存在妊娠期高血压疾病,生后发生Ⅲ~Ⅳ级RDS、需用PS≥2次以及吸入氧浓度>0.30的是初始无创CPAP失败的危险因素。     

住院新生儿尸检107例结果分析

目的 探讨新生儿死亡原因的构成及其与日龄、胎龄、年份的关系.方法 分析整理我院1998年1月至2008年5月间107例住院期间死亡新生儿尸检的临床资料及病理结果.结果 40.2%死亡患儿于生后24 h内死亡,72.9%死亡患儿于生后7 d内死亡.7 d内最主要死因为窒息性因素(48.6%),7 d后最主要死因为先天发育畸形(34.5%)和出血性疾病(34.5%).早产儿最常见死因为肺透明膜病(29.7%),足月儿最常见死因为先天性心脏病(23.3%).前后5年比较,窒息性因素仍是我国目前新生儿最主要死因,感染导致患儿死亡有增加趋势,畸形患儿亦有所增加,产科因素及出血性疾病所致死亡有下降趋势.结论 做好产前保健,积极防治早产,加强产科、儿科间协作,提高NICU的诊疗水平是降低新生儿病死率的有效手段.     

Intracranial hemorrhage during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in neonates

Intracranial hemorrhage is a complication of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for the treatment of neonatal respiratory failure. A retrospective review of 35 neonates treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was performed; ten had intracranial hemorrhage. Infants with intracranial hemorrhage had lower birth weights and were gestationally younger than infants with intracranial hemorrhage. Eight of eight neonates of less than 35 weeks' gestational age sustained intracranial hemorrhage. Six died immediately after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was stopped. Two lived less than 1 year. Two of 27 neonates older than 34 weeks' gestational age sustained intracranial hemorrhage. One child is normal, the other died at 18 months of age. Based on the results of this study, the risk of intracranial hemorrhage appears low in neonates of greater than 34 weeks' gestational age who undergo extracorporeal membrane oxygenation treatment for severe respiratory failure. The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, as it is presently performed, is contraindicated in neonates of less than 35 weeks' gestational age because of the risk of intracranial hemorrhage.     

2006~2016年11年间早产儿发生率及病死率的单中心研究

目的 探讨早产儿发生率及病死率以及早产儿死亡的主要原因。方法 通过病案室记录、出入院登记本查对并记录早产儿的基本信息,统计其发生率、病死率、死亡原因。结果 2006年1月至2016年12月徐州市妇幼保健院共有76 812例新生儿出生,其中早产儿5 585例,早产儿发生率为7.27%,其发生率呈增长趋势（P < 0.001）;总体病死率为5.01%（280/5 585）,其病死率呈下降趋势（P < 0.001）。出生体重越低、胎龄越小,病死率越高（P < 0.001）。早产儿死亡主要病因前4位依次为呼吸窘迫综合征（44.3%）、重度窒息（12.9%）、新生儿畸形（4.3%）、肺出血（2.9%）。随着出生体重的增大,因呼吸窘迫综合征及重度窒息的早产儿死亡构成比呈明显下降趋势（P < 0.001）。结论 2006~2016年11年间早产儿的发生率呈上升趋势,病死率呈下降趋势。早产儿病死率与出生胎龄及体重有关。呼吸窘迫综合征、重度窒息是早产儿的主要死亡原因。     

Postnatal age at time of death in infants born at 24-32 weeks'gestation

Abstract Medical records of all 483 infants live-born at 24-32 weeks'gestation in our hospital during the years 1982-86 were reviewed in order to determine postnatal age at time of death for those who died in the first year after birth. Twenty-seven died from immaturity without receiving intensive care and 11 died from lethal congenital malformations. Eighty (18%) of the remaining 445 who received intensive care died: 31% on day 1, 45% on days 2-7, 12% on days 8-28 and 11% on days 29-365. The neonatal mortality rate for those receiving intensive care was 160/1000, and the postneonatal mortality rate was 20/1000.
Delayed mortality was most common in infants of 26-27 weeks'gestation, with 20% (five) of their deaths occurring after 28 days. In each gestational age range, the majority of hospital admission days were occupied by survivors (24-25 weeks = 62%; 26-27 weeks = 91%; 28-29 weeks = 91%; 30-32 weeks = 99%) rather than non-survivors.
Whilst postneonatal mortality is a significant concern, these data suggest that if infants born at less than 33 weeks'gestation are offered intensive care and survive the early neonatal period, the long-term outcome is more likely to be survival rather than delayed death. Furthermore, the majority of hospital admission days invested in such infants involves those who will be discharged home rather than those who will not.     

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目的对胎龄低于28周极不成熟早产儿病死率、并发症及其高危因素进行分析与评估,为该类早产儿的临床决策提供参考。方法回顾性分析美国圣路易斯华盛顿大学儿童医院新生儿重症监护室(NICU)2005年1月至2007年8月收治的219例极不成熟早产儿临床资料。结果该组早产儿的病死率为37.7%,导致死亡的独立危险因素为新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)和Ⅲ级以上脑室内出血(IVH)以及母亲患妊娠高血压综合征。存活病例在院需机械通气、鼻塞持续气道正压(NCPAP)、氧疗及住院时间分别为(30.8±38.5)d、(10.5±11.5)d、(84.0±46.7)d和(106.0±78.1)d,其中55.9%出院后需要继续家庭氧疗。呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)、动脉导管未闭(PDA)、支气管肺发育不良(BPD)、IVH、早产儿视网膜病(ROP)、脑室周围白质软化(PVL)、NEC、院内血流感染(BSI)的发生率分别为85.5%、62.3%、74.2%、36.5%、71.1%、12.6%、12.6%和29.6%。结论极不成熟早产儿无严重并发症时可能存活,但病死率和并发症仍较高,尤其是胎龄不满25周的早产儿,故在对该类极不成熟早产儿实施救...     

Early functional echocardiogram and inhaled nitric oxide: usefulness in managing neonates born following extreme preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM)

Aim: Poor neonatal outcome of preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) <24 weeks' gestational age (GA) is probably a result of abnormalities in both airway and vascular developments, ventilation perfusion mismatch, and possibly persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). Perinatal mortality of 50–90% has been reported in the past, with recent literature reporting significant improvement in neonatal survival. We report our 8‐year experience in this group of infants using early diagnostic functional echocardiography (fECHO), high‐frequency ventilation (HFV) and inhaled nitric oxide (iNO). Methods: The obstetric and neonatal databases were searched to identify babies with PPROM (<20 weeks' gestation) or rupture earlier than 25 weeks for more than 14 days. Results: Twenty‐six infants were identified, of whom 20 were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU; mean GA 27.8 weeks, mean birth weight (BW) 1207 g). Early echocardiographic data were available in 12/15 infants requiring mechanical ventilation of whom 10 had evidence of PPHN. All infants who received iNO therapy survived to discharge and only two infants died. Survival to discharge was 69% for the whole cohort of infants and 90% for infants admitted to the NICU. In contrast, for the cohort from pre‐iNO and ‐HFV era, the overall survival to discharge was 62% and 66% for the infants admitted to the NICU. Conclusion: Premature infants with PPROM and presumed severe hypoxemic respiratory failure because of hypoplastic lungs often have significant PPHN and may show improvement in oxygenation after treatment with HFV and iNO. Early fECHO results in earlier identification and treatment of infants with PPHN in this high‐risk group.     

河北省儿童医院新生儿呼吸衰竭的前瞻性临床流行病学调查

目的：新生儿呼吸衰竭（NRF）是导致新生儿死亡的重要原因之一。该文对2004~2005年河北省儿童医院新生儿重症监护室（NICU）中呼吸衰竭的临床发病及治疗、预后等情况进行资料搜集及分析,以反映目前新生儿呼吸危重病的救治状况,并为今后进行大规模、前瞻性的队列研究奠定基础。方法：对2004~2005年收入NICU的304例呼吸衰竭患儿进行前瞻性资料收集及统计分析。结果：在连续12个月间,304例NRF患儿占同期NICU收治危重患儿的35.7%;新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征,羊水吸入性肺炎,社区感染性肺炎等是NRF的主要构成疾病;NRF患儿的院内病死率为5.6%（17例）,放弃治疗比例达31.6%（96例）;治愈和好转出院的191例NRF患儿中,住院总天数平均为14.9±7.1 d,住院总费用平均为7 977±3 426元。结论：新生儿呼吸衰竭是本地区NICU一个高发病率、高病死率以及高住院费用的严峻问题,提示加强围生期的保健以及出生后呼吸救治新技术以及新模式的应用,提高NRF的救治成功率,可能有利于降低与围产关系密切的新生儿危重呼吸疾病的发病率及死亡率。     

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??Abstract?? Objective??To analyze variables associated with death of neonatal shock and to determine the death-related factors. Methods??The clinical data of fifty cases of neonatal shock in NICU of Shengjing Hospital affiliated to China Medical University from January 2007 to April 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Compare the clinical characteristics of the survivors and the dead children. Both univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to find out the variables associated with death and death-related factors. Results??Twenty-six infants survived and 24 died?? the overall death rate of the neonatal shock was 48.0%. Fourteen of 36 term neonates died ?? the death rate 38.9%?? while 10 of 14 preterm neonates died ?? the death rate 71.4%???? 29 cases were septic shock ??58.0%??. Septic shock in these shock patients made up the most proportion. Nine among 14 ??64.3%?? preterm infants in the research had septic shock. Septicemia was found to be main primary disease of septic shock. Forty-two shock patients had failure of organ function??among which failure of respiratory function took the first place ??73.8%??. Univariate analysis showed that gestational age?? weight at onset of shock?? dates after birth?? Apgar score at 5mins?? pH?? blood pressure and multiple organ failure were associated with death of neonatal shock ??P < 0.05??. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that there were three significant predictors?? gestational age ??odds ratio 0.006?? 95% confidence interval 0.000-0.583??P = 0.028???? blood pressure ??odds ratio 0.025?? 95% confidence interval 0.002-0.297?? P = 0.004?? and multiple organ failure ??odds ratio 14.949?? 95% confidence interval 1.181-189.250??P = 0.037??. Conclusion??Gestational age?? blood pressure and multiple organ failure are related to the death of neonatal shock.     

超未成熟儿的生存状况与预后影响因素分析

目的 探讨胎龄28 周以下超未成熟儿在新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）的存活率、住院期间并发症发生情况及其预后。方法 收集2011 年1 月至2013 年3 月入住NICU 的胎龄结果 90 例患儿平均胎龄26±1 周,出生体重898±165 g,总存活率为57%,病死率9%,放弃率34%。常见并发症包括新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征（RDS）88%、BPD 85%、PDA 69%, ROP 68%,Ⅲ、Ⅳ级IVH 31%;存活早产儿平均住院时间为83±18 d,出院平均体重为2419±300 g。多因素logistic 回归分析发现,肺出血与严重IVH 为死亡或放弃的高危因素,产前使用糖皮质激素为保护因素。结论 目前国内超未成熟儿存活率相比发达国家仍有较大差距;肺出血、严重IVH 为影响预后的重要因素。     

Newborn transport in metropolitan Sydney: experience with a newborn intensive care unit based regional transport service

ABSTRACT. The effect of skilled transport on the condition of 100 infants referred for intensive care and the factors affecting their survival were analysed. Infants with respiratory failure who were not moribund showed significant increases in pH (P < 0.01) and arterial/alveolar P02 ratio (P < 0.001) with assisted ventilation. Less severely ill infants were transported without significant change in pH and blood gas status. Hypoxaemia (17%), hyperoxaemia (24%) and hyperglycaemia (14%) were not uncommon on admission to the newborn intensive care unit.
Survival rate did not decrease significantly with decreasing birth weight or gestation. Factors significantly more common in infants who died were one minute Apgar score 0–3 (P < 0.05), and pH < 7.25 (P < 0.05) and PaCO2 > 60 mmHg (P < 0.005) on admission to the NICU. Infants mechanically ventilated before transport did not have a significantly higher mortality rate than those ventilated after admission, though moribund infants and those with untreated early onset bacterial pneumonia had high mortality rates.
Pre-transfer events were responsible for the death of 8 (38%) of the 21 infants who died and perhaps contributed to the death from intraventricular haemorrhage of a further 5 infants (24%).     

High frequency oscillatory ventilation: Initial experience in 22 patients

Objectives: To report the outcome of a consecutive cohort of neonates treated with high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV).
Methodology Prospective cohort study of 22 neonates failing conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) between October 1992 and August 1993. Outcomes evaluated were in-hospital survival rate, comorbidities including patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), cerebroventricular haemorrhages (CVH), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and acute changes in respiratory status.
Results Eighteen of 22 (81.8%) survived. Of the four children who died, one did not respond to HFOV and died within 24 h of treatment. Two died of respiratory failure complicated by pulmonary haemorrhage. The remaining infant responded to HFOV but later developed severe NEC while on minimal CMV and died at 2 weeks of age.
Three subjects were ≥34 weeks' gestation; each responded well to HFOV with no substantial comorbidity. Of the remaining 19 infants <34 weeks' gestation, six (31.6%) had a PDA, and seven (36.8%) had a CVH. One infant developed cystic periventricular leucomalacia. Three infants (15.8%) had NEC. Respiratory failure in the 15 survivors with gestational ages <34 weeks improved dramatically with HFOV. Ten (66.7%) survivors <34 weeks developed BPD and 10 (66.7%) ROP.
Conclusion High frequency oscillatory ventilation was associated with a survival rate of 81.8%, but with significant comorbidity.     

新生儿重症监护室五年死亡病例分析

目的 了解新生儿重症监护室5年新生儿死亡原因及变迁,探讨预防措施,降低病死率.方法 对新生儿重症监护室2004年1月至2008年12月5年间死亡的69例病例进行回顾性分析.结果 (1)男女比例1.7:1,早产儿占34.8%,胎龄≤32周的早产儿占早产儿死亡病例的70.8%;(2)以早期新生儿死亡为主,占59.4%,住院3 d内死亡占69.6%;(3)早产儿前三位死亡原因为呼吸窘迫综合征、败血症、硬肿症,占早产儿死亡数的70.8%;足月儿前三位死亡原因为败血症、重度窒息、肺炎,占足月儿死亡数的77.1%;(4)呼吸窘迫综合征病死率逐年下降,败血症、重度窒息病死率无下降趋势.结论 要降低我省新生儿的病死率,必须加强围生期保健,减少早产儿的出生,深入推广新生儿新法复苏,积极控制感染.