幽门螺杆菌感染与环氧化酶-2诱导型一氧化氮合酶表达关系的研究

目的研究幽门螺杆菌（H、pylori，Hp）感染与环氧化酶-2（COX-2）、诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）表达之间的关系，以探讨Hp的致病及可能致癌机制。方法2005年6月至2006年5月，南昌大学第一附属医院消化内科采用免疫组化法检测294例胃黏膜标本中COX-2、iNOS的表达。结果（1）各研究组和对照组间炎症细胞和腺细胞中COX-2阳性积分差异均有显著性（P〈0.01），其中以肠上皮化生与异性增生（IM＋DYS）组最高；且浅表性胃炎（CSG）和IM＋DYS组Hp阳性者炎症细胞中COX-2表达明显高于Hp阴性（P〈0．05）。（2）各研究组和对照组间炎症细胞中iNOS的阳性积分差异有显著性（P〈0．05），其中以CSG组最高，IM＋DYS组次之；在CSG和IM＋DYS组Hp阳性者炎症细胞中iNOS表达明显高于Hp阴性（P〈0．05）。（3）中重度CSG炎症细胞中iNOS表达高于轻度CSG（P〈0．05）。（4）各研究组胃黏膜中COX-2和iNOS的表达呈显著正相关（P〈0．01）。结论（1）Hp感染可能通过诱导COX-2、iNOS的过度表达参与Hp的致病过程，并且Hp可能通过上调COX-2的过度表达参与胃癌发生的早期进程。（2）COX-2、iNOS的表达在Hp的致病过程中相互作用，相互影响。     

胃癌中幽门螺杆菌感染与胃粘膜增殖及凋亡研究

目的研究幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染的胃癌(GC)发展中增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)表达及细胞凋亡的关系和对胃癌预后意义。方法145例经病理证实,不同胃黏膜病变采用免疫组化检测PCNA基因表达及Warthinstarry法检测Hp感染。采用原位末端标记法(TUNEL)检测细胞凋亡。结果在浅表性胃炎(CSG)、萎缩肠化生胃炎(CAG+IM)、异型增生(DYS)、早期GC和进展期GC中,PCNA基因表达率分别为24.53%,46.28%,60.54%,57.67%和71.42%,CAG+IM、DYS、GC均显著高于CSG(P<0.05)。凋亡指数(AI)分别为(4.55±2.33)%、(6.43±5.60)%、(6.45±5.12)%、(6.55±4.80)%、(8.84±5.63)%,进展期GC显著高于CSG(P<0.05)。胃黏膜凋亡指数与PCNA表达强度有密切相关(P<0.05)。PCNA阳性表达与胃癌组织类型、浆膜浸润和淋巴结转移密切相关,而且BorrmannIV明显高于早期胃癌和BorrmannI,II(P<0.05)。PCNA阳性表达与肠型胃癌Hp感染有关。CAG+IM,DYS和GC组PCNA阳性表达中Hp感染者明显高于阴性者。Hp阳性者5年生存期显著短于Hp阴性者。结论Hp感染和PCNA表达与胃黏膜增殖和恶化有关,且与凋亡有相关性。Hp感染与胃癌预后有关。     

幽门螺杆菌对GC及癌前病变抑癌基因和抑制细胞凋亡基因的影响

目的 探讨幽门螺杆菌(Hp)在胃癌(GC)和癌前病变中的作用及其与抑癌基因p53、抑制细胞凋亡基因Bcl-2表达的关系.方法 选取胃镜活检标本107例,其中GC28例,异型增生(DYS)14例,肠上皮化生(IM)16例,慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)34例,慢性浅表性胃炎(CSG)15例.尿素酶试验和Warthin-Starry银染色检测Hp,免疫组化SP法检测p53、Bcl-2基因蛋白的表达.结果 Hp感染阳性组中GC和癌前病变的发生率高于Hp感染阴性组(P<0.05),p53、Bcl-2的阳性表达率在GC、DYS和IM中明显高于CSG(P均<0.05).结论 Hp与GC发生关系密切,持续Hp感染所致的慢性炎症可引起胃黏膜损伤,促进了p53基因的突变和Bcl-2基因的表达.     

胃癌中幽门螺杆菌感染与癌基因蛋白表达及细胞凋亡研究

目的　研究幽门螺杆菌 (Hp )感染的胃癌 (GC)发展中c -met蛋白表达及细胞凋亡的关系和对胃癌预后意义。方法　 14 5例经病理证实 ,不同胃黏膜病变采用免疫组化检测c -met基因表达及Warthin -starry法检测Hp感染。采用原位末端标记法 (TUNEL)检测细胞凋亡。结果　在浅表性胃炎 (CSG)、萎缩肠化生胃炎 (CAG +IM)、异型增生 (DYS)、早期GC和进展期GC中 ,c-met基因表达率分别为 2 5 5 3% ,5 1 2 8% ,6 1 5 4 % ,6 6 6 7%和 6 8 4 2 % ,CAG +IM、DYS、GC均显著高于CSG(P <0 0 5 )。凋亡指数 (AI)分别为 (4 5 5± 2 33) %、(6 4 3± 5 6 0 ) %、(6 4 5± 5 12 ) %、(6 5 5± 4 80 ) %、(8 84±5 6 3) % ,进展期GC显著高于CSG(P <0 0 5 )。胃黏膜凋亡指数与c -met表达强度有密切相关 (P <0 0 5 )。c -met阳性表达与胃癌组织类型、浆膜浸润和淋巴结转移密切相关 ,而且BorrmannIV明显高于早期胃癌和BorrmannⅠ ,Ⅱ (P <0 0 5 )。Hp阳性者 5年存期显著短于Hp阴性者。 结论　Hp感染和c-met表达与胃黏膜增殖和恶化有关 ,且与凋亡有相关性。Hp感染与胃癌预后有关。     

胃癌变过程中Bcl-2 mRNA与幽门螺杆菌感染及细胞凋亡的关系

目的探讨胃癌变过程中Bcl-2 mRNA的表达与幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染的相关性及其与细胞凋亡的关系。方法采用实时荧光定量逆转录—聚合酶链反应(Real-time PCR)检测62例慢性浅表性胃炎(CSG)、55例慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)、52例肠化生(IM)、46例不典型增生(AH)、65例胃癌(GC)组织(分别为CSG组、CAG组、IM组、AH组、GC组)中Bcl-2 mRNA的表达;快速尿素酶法、Warthin-Starry银染法和甲苯胺蓝染色联合检测胃黏膜Hp感染;原位末端标记法(TUNEL)检测胃黏膜细胞凋亡指数(AI)。结果 CSG组、CAG组、IM组、AH组、GC组胃黏膜组织中Bcl-2 mRNA阳性表达率分别为22.6%(14/62)、30.9%(17/55)、40.4%(21/52)、58.7%(27/46)、69.2%(45/65),Bcl-2 mRNA相对表达水平分别为0.095±0.015、0.115±0.012、0.173±0.027、0.224±0.042、0.368±0.036,IM组、AH组、GC组Bcl-2 mRNA表达均高于CSG、CAG组(P均<0.01),AH组高于IM组(P<0.01),GC组高于IM、AH组(P均<0.01)。Bcl-2 mRNA的表达量与胃黏膜细胞AI呈负相关(rs=-0.700,P<0.05);IM组、AH组、GC组Hp阳性患者胃黏膜细胞中Bcl-2 mRNA的表达均高于Hp阴性患者(P<0.05或0.01)。结论在胃黏膜癌变过程中,Hp感染能上调胃黏膜细胞中Bcl-2 mRNA表达,从而抑制异形细胞凋亡而发挥致癌作用。     

胃癌中幽门螺杆菌感染与原癌基因c—met表达及预后研究

目的　研究幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染的胃癌(GC)组织中c-met表达及(Hp)感染对胃癌预后的影响。方法　经病理证实,不同病变胃粘膜145例以免疫组化检测c-met基因表达,以W-S法及快速尿素酶试验检测(Hp)感染。结果　在浅表性胃炎(CSG)、萎缩肠化生胃炎(CAG+IM)、异型增生(DYS)、早期GC和进展期GC中,c-met基因表达率分别为25.53%,51.28%,61.54%,66.67%和68.42%,CAG+IM、DYS、GC均显著高于CSG(P＜0.05)。肠型胃癌c-met阳性表达与(Hp)感染密切相关。CAG+IM,DYS和GC组c-met阳性表达(Hp)感染者明显高于阴性组。(Hp)阳性者5年生存期显著短于(Hp)阴性者。结论　(Hp)感染和c-met表达与胃粘膜增殖和恶化有关,前者也与胃癌预后有关。     

胃癌变过程中Hp感染与凋亡基因Survivin表达的关系

目的 研究胃癌变过程中幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染与凋亡基因Survivin表达、细胞凋亡的关系。方法用快速尿素酶法、W—S银染法和美蓝法联合检测62例慢性浅表性胃炎（CSG）、55例慢性萎缩性胃炎（CAG）、52例肠化生（IM）、46例不典型增生（AH）、65例胃癌（Gc）组织中Hp的感染情况,采用免疫组化及TUNEL法分别检测Survivin蛋白的表达及细胞凋亡情况。结果Hp感染率、Survivin蛋白阳性表达率均随着GC形成中病变恶性程度的加重而明显上升（P〈0．05）。CAG、IM、AH和GC组Hp感染率较CSG组,Gc组较CAG组均明显升高（P均〈0．05）;AH、GC组Survivin蛋白阳性表达率明显高于IM和CAG组（P均〈0．01）;AH、GC组Hp阳性患者Survivin蛋白表达率均高于Hp阴性者（P均〈0．05）;CAG、IM、AH、GC组中Survivin阳性者凋亡指数均低于Survivin阴性者（P〈0．05）;低未分化GC患者Survivin蛋白表达明显高于高中分化者（P均〈0．05）。结论在胃黏膜癌变过程中,Hp感染可能通过逐渐上调Survivin基因的表达、抑制细胞凋亡和分化而发挥致癌作用。     

胃癌幽门螺杆菌感染中c-met基因表达与增殖的关系及其预后

目的 研究c-met基因蛋白及增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）在幽门螺杆菌（Hp)感染的胃黏膜病变演进中的表达及关系，探讨Hp感染对胃癌预后的意义。方法 采用免疫组织化学法检测145例经病理证实不同胃黏膜病变的c-met和PCNA基因表达，Warthin-Starry法检测Hp感染。结果 在浅表性胃炎（CSG）、萎缩肠化性胃炎、异型增生（DYS）、早期胃癌和进展期胃癌中，c-met和PCNA2种基因在萎缩肠化性胃炎、DYS、胃癌均显著高于CSG（P＜0．05）。对胃黏膜增殖程度与c-met和PCNA阳性表达强度的密切关系分析，表明两者有显著关联（P＜0．01）。c-met和PCNA阳性表达与胃癌组织类型、浆膜浸润和淋巴结转移密切相关，而且Borrmann Ⅳ明显高于早期胃癌（P＜0．05）。c-met－LI和PCNA－LI在胃癌中等级相关表达有极显著的相关性（P＜0．001）。c-met阳性表达与肠型胃癌Hp感染有关。萎缩肠化性胃炎、DYS和胃癌组c-met阳性表达中Hp感染者明显高于阴性者。Hp阳性者5年生存期显著短于Hp阴性者。结论 c-met和PCNA基因表达与胃黏膜增殖和恶化有关，c-met基因可能成为评估胃癌恶化和预后的1项新的重要指标。Hp感染和c-met表达与胃黏膜增殖和恶化有关，Hp感染与胃癌预后有关。     

Hp感染与胃癌和癌前病变中p53、ras、c-myc基因表达的关系

目的研究幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染与胃癌（GC）和癌前病变中p53、ras、c-myc基因表达的关系,以探讨其致病机制。方法用美兰和W-S特殊染色方法确定Hp感染,免疫组化SP法检测p53、ras、c-myc基因的表达。结果慢性萎缩性胃炎（CAG）、肠化生（IM）、异型增生（DYS）、GC的Hp感染率均高于慢性浅表性胃炎（CSG）（P均〈0.05）;p53、ras、c-myc基因在GC、DYS中的表达均高于CAG（P均〈0.05）,p53、ras基因在IM中的表达均高于CAG（P〈0.05）;IM中Hp阳性者的p53阳性表达率高于Hp阴性者（P〈0.05）,DYS、GC中Hp阳性者p53、ras、c-myc的表达率高于Hp阴性者（P均〈0.05）。结论Hp感染可能通过调节p53、ras、c-myc基因的表达而促进GC的发生。     

胃黏膜病变中突变型p53、Mdm2和PCNA蛋白表达及与幽门螺杆菌感染的关系

目的探讨胃黏膜病变中突变型p53、Mdm2、增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）蛋白的表达及其与幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染的关系。方法应用免疫组化PV-9000法染色及Giemsa染色检测胃黏膜病变中突变型p53、Mdm2、PC-NA蛋白的表达和Hp感染情况。结果在慢性浅表性胃炎（csG）、慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生（CAG伴IM）、不典型增生（Bys）及胃癌（GC）中,突变型p53、Mdm2、PCNA阳性表达随病变发展而逐渐升高,突变型p53在CSG组高于GC组,GC组高于CAG伴IM组（P均〈0．05）。不同胃黏膜病变之间Mdm2比较均有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。在同一病变中Hp阳性者突变型p53、Mdm2、PCNA阳性表达一般高于Hp阴性者,突变型p53在CAG伴IM组Hp阳性与阴性者间有统计学差异（P〈0．05）,PCNA和Mdm2在Dys组Hp阳性与阴性者有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。GC组中突变型p53、Mdm2、PCNA蛋白表达无相关关系。结论突变型p53、Mdm2和PCNA蛋白的表达及Hp感染共同参与胃黏膜病变的发生、发展。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.