肺癌合并上腔静脉综合征的外科治疗

对１０例右肺癌侵及上腔静脉造成上腔静脉综合征（ＳＶＣＳ）的患者行肺切除并上腔静脉置换或旁路术，效果良好，认为合并ＳＶＣＳ的肺癌患者在无远处转、内脏器官功能良好的情况下，应积极手术解除上腔静脉梗阻，并就手术指征方法、术后处理的问题进行了讨论。     

人工血管转换上腔静脉在肺癌外科治疗中的应用

目的探讨分析上腔静脉切除行人工血管转换在晚期肺癌外科治疗中的作用、技术方法及其预后。方法全组共２６例,右侧中心型肺癌２１例、周围型肺癌５例,行肺癌原发病变、转移淋巴结及受侵及的上腔静脉切除,采用人工血管转换切除的上腔静脉。术后口服小剂量抗凝剂的短期治疗,并进行长期的随访与观察。结果 全组无术中及术后早期死亡,无术后近期及远期上腔静脉及无名静脉梗阻症状的发生。随访２３例,１、３、５年生存率分别为８４     

肺癌侵及隆突的外科治疗

目的：总结肺癌侵及隆突的外科治疗，研究分析其手术适应证、技术方法及术后管理。方法：全组病例共36例，右肺中心型肺癌25例，右侧纵隔型肺癌2例，其中侵及上腔静脉及无名静脉6例；左侧中心型肺癌9例；手术方式：行右隆突全肺或肺叶切除隆突重建术27例，6例同时行受侵上腔静脉及无名静脉切除人工血管置换；左隆突全肺切除9例。结果：全组无手术死亡，术后早期死亡4例（11．1％），循环衰竭3例，呼吸衰竭1例；1年生存率80．6％（29／36），3年生存率47．4％（9／19），5年生存率33．3％（3／9）。结论：对于肺癌侵犯隆突和上腔静脉及双侧无名静脉通过切除原发病变和部分受侵器官可达到临床根治之目的，辅于多学科的综合治疗，患者亦可获得良好的远期生存。     

胸部肿瘤合并上腔静脉综合症的外科治疗

胸部肿瘤合并上腔静脉综合症往往提示肿瘤已属于晚期，手术治疗难度及风险极大，远期效果也欠佳。自2002年12月～2003年11月，我们手术治疗3例，并取得了较好效果，现报道如下。     

肺癌合并上腔静脉综合征11例观察

上腔静脉综合征(Super vena caval syndrome,SVCS)。常被看成胸部恶性病变继发性阻塞的同义词。其中因肺癌引起者占首位,为深入了解肺癌患者出现SVCS的病理生理基础和上腔静脉受阻的具体情况,对1987年5月至1988年3月,住入我科的11名肺癌合并SVCS患者的检查和治疗情况作如下总结: 临床资料     

胸部恶性肿瘤侵及上腔静脉的外科治疗

本文报道本院从１９８０年５月对１９９４年１１月，对３０例恶性肿瘤侵及上腔静脉的手术治疗情况，并对术式，上腔静脉除范范围及移植血管吻合方式，移植血管种类，术后处理，并发症和治疗效果进行了探讨，认为外科手术治疗对病人有良好减轻症状及治疗效果，故有条件的地方可开展这类手术，同时对此类恶性肿瘤应采取综合治疗，争取早期诊断，提高手术治疗效果。     

上腔静脉回流无阻断人工血管置换术在肺癌侵犯上腔静脉患者中的临床疗效

目的:探讨上腔静脉回流无阻断人工血管置换术在肺癌侵犯上腔静脉患者中的临床疗效.方法:选择我院心胸外科2005年4月至2013年4月收治的3例肺癌侵犯上腔静脉的患者,实施了肺叶/全肺切除+纵隔淋巴结清扫+上腔静脉完全切除及人工血管置换术.3例经相关检查,明确肿瘤情况并排除远处转移,确诊前未接受抗肿瘤治疗.结果:所有患者无术中及围术期死亡,术后无脑水肿、人工血管血栓形成、大出血等严重并发症.1例术后7个月死于化疗期并发症;1例于术后13个月后出现脑转移,并于脑转移后25个月死于肿瘤转移(生存38个月);1例患者术后至今48个月,全身状况良好,影像学检查未发现复发证据.结论:肺癌侵犯上腔静脉可能不是手术的禁忌证,选择合适的患者进行上腔静脉完全切除及人工血管置换术可能使部分患者获得治愈的机会     

人工血管置换上腔静脉在肺癌外科治疗中的应用

目的　探讨上腔静脉切除行人工血管置换在晚期肺癌外科治疗中的作用、技术方法及其预后。方法　全组共２６ 例,右侧中心型肺癌２１ 例、周围型肺癌５ 例。行肺癌原发病变、转移淋巴结及受侵及的上腔静脉切除,采用人工血管置换切除的上腔静脉。术后口服小剂量抗凝剂短期治疗,并进行长期的随访与观察。结果　全组无术中及术后早期死亡,无术后近期及远期上腔静脉及无名静脉梗阻症状的发生。随访２３ 例,１、３、５ 年生存率分别为８５％ （２２／２６） 、３９％ （７／１８） 、３６％ （４／１１） 。结论　人工血管置换受侵及的上腔静脉使部分晚期肺癌获得根治性切除,扩大了肺癌外科手术适应证,提高了晚期肺癌患者的生存率,可在晚期肺癌的外科治疗中推荐应用。     

化疗为主治疗肺癌并上腔静脉综合征68例疗效分析

肺癌并上腔静脉综合征 (SVCS)属肿瘤急症 ,SVCS一旦出现。严重威胁患者生命 ,必须立即就地治疗。目前对恶性 SVCS的治疗看法不一。 1 985年 5月～ 2 0 0 1年 5月 ,我们以化疗为主综合治疗肺癌并SVCS患者 6 8例 ,疗效满意。现报告如下。1　资料与方法1 .1　一般资料　同期共诊断     

Doppler superior vena cava flow evolution and respiratory variation in superior vena cava syndrome

BACKGROUND: Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) is a clinical expression of obstruction of blood flow through the superior vena cava. The patterns of the Doppler flow changes of superior vena cava (SVC), especially the respiratory effects on them have not yet been fully elucidated. This study was to examine SVC Doppler flow patterns and the respiratory effects on them in healthy subjects and patients with SVCS. METHODS: The SVC Doppler flow patterns of 18 normal human subjects and 22 patients with SVCS were analyzed at initial diagnosis and were followed up every 2 months for at least 11 months. RESULTS: Among the 22 patients, 5 patients with the tumor near the right atrium oppressing the inferior segment of the SVC had clear VR- and AR-waves, while in the other 17 patients the VR- and AR-waves disappeared or their outlines were vague. The respiratory variations of the S- and D-waves as a percentage change in inspiration compared to expiration in patient group were much lower than those in control group (S-wave: 1.67 +/- 3.32% vs. 15.65 +/- 16.15%, P = 0.0003; D-wave: 1.80 +/- 1.12% vs. 23.55 +/- 37%, P = 0.0087), which gradually became larger with treatment and showed no significant difference with those in control group after 7 months. CONCLUSIONS: The Doppler flows of the patients with SVCS correlate well with the images of CT scan of them. The respiratory variation of the S- and D-velocities could be used to evaluate the severity of SVC obstruction and its therapeutic effect.     

为左上腔静脉永存合并右上腔静脉缺如患者植入起搏导线

目的 对左上腔静脉永存合并右上腔静脉缺如患者的心室起搏导线植入方法作初步探讨,方法 为3例病态窦房结综合征,2例三度房室阻滞患者植入VVI起搏系统,导线经左上腔静脉、冠状静脉窦、右心房、三尖瓣口而固定于右心室心尖部（4例）或至心大静脉远段（1例）,靠近心外膜左缘。结果 5例患者的导线均成功放置分别随访3个月-7年,起搏功能良好。结论 对左上腔静脉存伴右上腔静脉缺如患者植入心脏起搏系统,通过适当地操作,一般可将导线定侠于右心室心尖部;而经冠状静脉窦作左心室心外膜起搏亦是可以选择的。     

Stent implantation for superior vena cava occlusion after the Mustard operation.

A 25-year-old man who had undergone a Mustard repair for complete transposition of the great arteries 21 years previously developed complete occlusion of the superior vena cava and obstruction of the inferior vena cava. Transcatheter recanalization was performed using needle puncture of the superior obstruction followed by stent implantation into both systemic venous pathways with relief of obstructive symptoms.     

永存左上腔静脉畸形患者行起搏器植入术研究分析

目的 对永存左上腔静脉畸形患者行起搏器植入方法及术后起搏功能作初步探讨.方法 分析13例永存左上腔静脉畸形植入心脏起搏器患者的导线植入路径、方法、导线植入位置、手术与X线曝光时间.结果 13例患者中5例经左锁骨下静脉径路,8例经右锁骨下径路植入导线,均获成功.右侧血管径路与左侧血管径路植入起搏器X线曝光及手术时间比较差异有统计学意义：（593.61±70.03）s对（948.45±69.06）s,P＜0.001及（53.49±5.11） min对（81.25±13.39） min,P＜0.001.随访4～89个月,起搏功能良好.结论 对左上腔静脉永存伴（或不伴）右上腔静脉缺如的患者植入起搏器,通过选择合适的路径、恰当的起搏模式、操作手术均能获得成功,近期和远期随访结果满意.     

Bilateral absence of the superior vena cava presenting with superior vena cava syndrome: A case report

Bilateral absence of the superior vena cava (SVC) is a very rare congenital vascular anomaly that is mainly asymptomatic. In this report, we describe an adult male patient with bilateral absence of the SVC presenting with SVC syndrome. Blood from the upper body returned to the right atrium via the superficial thoracoepigastric veins, the great saphenous veins, the common femoral veins, and the inferior vena cava.     

Sinus node injury as a complication of superior vena cava isolation

We report a case with SVC ectopy initiating AF; the origin and breakout point of the sinus node was inside the SVC, and the SVC ectopy was conducted through the same path as the sinus node activation to depolarize the right atrium. Injury to the sinus node happened after successful isolation of SVC.     

电视纵隔镜检查在上腔静脉综合征病因诊断中的应用

目的探讨电视纵隔镜检查在上腔静脉综合征病因诊断中的应用价值。方法对13例上腔静脉综合征患者,经颈部行电视纵隔镜检查,其中4例联合应用超声检查。结果13例均成功取到活检组织,病理检查证实纵隔小细胞未分化癌或神经内分泌癌8例,淋巴瘤3例,胸腺瘤2例。平均检查时间为35min,无手术并发症及死亡者。结论通过电视纵隔镜检查可对上腔静脉综合征的病因作出准确诊断．该检查安全可行。     

Ectopic tachycardia originating from the superior vena cava

We report a 65-year-old female patient with a 3-year history of symptomatic paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Electroanatomic and basket catheter mapping revealed a focal tachycardia originating in the superior vena cava (SVC), 5 cm above the SVC-right atrium (SVC-RA) junction. An area of fractionated potentials and slow conduction was found on the anterior wall of the SVC. A line of conduction block extending downwardly and obliquely from the anteroseptal aspect to anterolateral aspect of the SVC forcing the impulse to enter the RA via the posterior aspect of SVC-RA junction was observed. Entrainment attempts from multiple sites within the SVC failed to demonstrate reentry as a mechanism of arrhythmia. The ablation approach consisted of isolation of the arrhythmogenic area from the rest of the SVC.     

Nonmalignant superior vena cava syndrome: pathophysiology and management.

Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome occurs following obstruction either from external compression or internal thrombosis or scarring. In the past, treatment was limited to medical therapy or surgical bypass but now percutaneous revascularization presents a viable therapeutic option. We present our experience in the percutaneous therapy of patients with nonmalignant SVC syndrome and review the condition with regard to its pathophysiology and management.