全髋置换术中应用髋臼内壁环形截骨术治疗成人髋臼发育不良

目的评价全髋置换中应用髋臼内壁环形截骨固定非骨水泥髋臼杯治疗成人髋臼发育不良的疗效。方法对29例髋臼发育不良继发骨性关节炎患者(29髋)在全髋置换术中应用髋臼内壁环形截骨术。手术指征为术前X线髋臼覆盖率70%。非骨水泥髋臼杯全部安放在真臼位置,附加操作:软组织松解17髋,治疗性股骨截骨2髋,结构性植骨1髋,股骨短缩3髋。手术前后进行临床及X线参数评价。结果患者均获得随访,时间4~8年。Harris评分从术前36~75(68.4±8.49)分提高到85~100(92.2±4.05)分(P0.05);其中优25髋,良4髋。影像学观察髋臼内壁截骨处愈合时间3~5个月,术后6~12个月时骨重塑。X线检查显示没有无菌性松动和透亮线,真臼固定稳定。结论在非骨水泥全髋置换术治疗髋关节发育不良中,应用髋臼内壁环形截骨术可以提供良好的髋臼位置、足够的髋臼覆盖及保留足够内壁厚度,并且无需植骨。     

Oversized acetabular socket causing groin pain after total hip arthroplasty

The causes of groin pain after total hip arthroplasty are numerous, and the condition itself is disabling. Therefore, it is imperative that the cause of the pain is identified and managed appropriately. We report a case where the patient had groin pain after total hip arthroplasty as a result of an oversized cementless acetabular component, which caused a breach in the anterior wall of the acetabulum. The anterior wall of the acetabulum was reconstructed with femoral head allograft, and the patient has been symptom free since.     

Reinforcement rings with hook in acetabular reconstruction

Acetabular osteolysis associated with socket loosening is one of the main long-term complications of total hip arthroplasty. In the case of major bone loss where less than 50% host bone coverage can be obtained with a porous-coated cementless cup, it is generally agreed that a metal ring in association with a cemented component and allograft bone should be used. Herein we describe the technical details of the use of the Kerboull acetabular reinforcement device and the GAP cup. Both these devices have a hook that has to be placed under the teardrop of the acetabulum and a plate for iliac fixation. The main advantages of these devices are their help in restoring the normal hip center of rotation, guiding the reconstruction, and partially unloading the graft. The Kerboull acetabular reinforcement device has provided a 92% survival rate free of loosening at 13-year follow-up in a consecutive series of 60 type III and IV deficiencies.     

Osteolysis of the pelvis: evaluation and treatment

Osteolysis of the pelvis is a common and well-recognized complication associated with total hip arthroplasty. The diagnosis and treatment of osteolysis of the pelvis is a challenging and controversial problem. Osteolysis of the pelvis often is asymptomatic and does not present with symptoms until considerable bone loss and loosening of the acetabular socket occur. Radiographs are the most common way to detect and monitor osteolysis around an implant. However, lesions viewed radiographically usually are underestimations of the lesions found intraoperatively. Moreover, some advocate computed tomography scanning to evaluate these lesions. The indications for treatment of osteolysis with cemented acetabular components are defined more clearly than with a cementless component. If the cemented or cementless acetabular component is loose, then revision is necessary. However, it is less clear when to intervene surgically with a well-fixed cup with osteolysis. Many early reports advocated the removal of a well-fixed socket during revision surgery for osteolysis and polyethylene wear. However, the removal of a well-fixed socket has the potential for significant damage and loss of the surrounding bone resulting in loss of integrity of a column or pelvic discontinuity, which may compromise placing another acetabular component. Recently, a new treatment strategy of retaining a well-fixed socket, exchanging the liner, and grafting lesions has proven successful. Without the removal of the acetabular shell, different techniques are needed to graft the osteolytic lesions. Osteolysis is a difficult problem; however, with radiographic surveillance to monitor patients for lesions, proper indications, and good surgical techniques, the treatment of osteolysis of the pelvis can result in a well-functioning total hip arthroplasty.     

髋臼骨折的全髋关节置换术治疗

目的探讨全髋关节置换术（THA）治疗髋臼骨折的手术技术及近期疗效。方法1998年10月至2005年6月,本组采用THA治疗髋臼骨折合并创伤性髋关节骨关节炎患者27例28髋,其中13例初期采用切开复位内固定治疗,14例初期采用保守治疗。术前骨折分型（根据Letoumel—Judet分型系统）：后壁骨折（16例）,横行骨折（1例）,后柱＋后壁骨折（3例）,横行＋后壁骨折（4例）,T形骨折（1例）,双柱骨折（3例）。根据Harris髋关节评分系统分别对术前和术后疼痛程度、髋关节功能及活动度进行综合评分。结果随访资料完备者23例患者（24髋）,随访时间5—78个月,平均24．7个月。术前Harris髋关节评分21-76分,平均50．1分;术后评分56～100分,平均90．2分．较术前有显著性提高（P〈0．001）。其中18例优秀,4例良好,1例一般,1例较差。术前髋关节疼痛评分10—40分,平均24．6分;术后评分30—44分,平均41．1分。各有1例骨水泥型和非骨水泥型臼杯周围出现非连续性透亮带但未伴假体下沉或移位表现。术后未出现关节脱位、深部感染、严重异位骨化、医源性坐骨神经损伤或原有神经症状加重、下肢深静脉栓塞或肺栓塞等并发症。至最后一次随访尚无翻修患者。结论针对髋臼骨折合并创伤性髋关节骨关节炎患者施行THA,可有效缓解疼痛,改善髋关节功能及活动度且并发症少见。     

The high hip center

Revision of a failed acetabular component presents many challenges to the arthroplasty surgeon. The goal in most cases should be to reconstruct the acetabulum by positioning the hip center as close as possible to the anatomic hip center. However, severe acetabular bone stock deficiency and distorted acetabular anatomy often preclude placement of the acetabular component at the true anatomic hip center. In these cases, many options exist for reconstruction of the acetabulum, including placement of the cup superiorly at a high hip center. Although biomechanical studies have shown that superolateral placement of the hip center may lead to increased moments and forces across the hip (leading to potentially higher rates of loosening), superior only displacement of the hip center does not seem to adversely affect the forces about the hip. Proximal placement of the hip center facilitates contact between intact, viable host bone and the acetabular implant, thereby reducing the need for structural bone grafts, and increasing the chances for stable bony ingrowth. With proper patient selection and meticulous surgical technique, the high hip center can be a useful technique for reconstruction of the deficient acetabulum in the patient with a loose acetabular component after total hip arthroplasty.     

The use of fibre-based demineralised bone matrix in major acetabular reconstruction: surgical technique and preliminary results

Acetabular osteolysis associated with socket loosening is one of the main long-term complications of total hip arthroplasty. In case of major bone loss, where <50% host bone coverage can be obtained with a porous-coated cementless cup, it is generally agreed that a metal ring or cage in association with a cemented component and allograft bone should be used. In order to promote allograft bone consolidation and incorporation, we have associated demineralised bone matrix (DBM, Grafton® A Flex) to the construct ion. Here we describe the technical details of major acetabular reconstruction using the Kerboull acetabular reinforcement device with allograft bone and DBM. This device has a hook that must be placed under the teardrop of the acetabulum and a plate for iliac fixation. The main advantages of this device are help in restoring the normal centre of hip rotation, guiding the reconstruction and partially unloading the graft. The Kerboull acetabular reinforcement device has provided a 92% survival rate free of loosening at 13-year follow-up in a consecutive series of 60 type III and IV deficiencies. Our preliminary results using DBM indicate faster allograft consolidation and remodelling.     

Results of hip joint replacement with ceramics partial endoprostheses

Report about our 5 years experience with cementless and cemented partial ceramic hip prostheses in altogether 58 cases. Indication, in old age, mostly in case of fresh or elder femoral neck fracture; in younger age, chiefly in case of partial femoral head necrosis and preserved cartilage of acetabulum. Typical complication of this type of prosthesis: early luxation, especially in case of acetabular dysplasia, which, therefore, has to be regarded as contraindication for hemiarthroplasty. Satisfying subjective and objective middle-term-results in older age. Failure of arthroplasty with necessity of later implantation of acetabular component only in two cases of osteoporotic bone destruction. In younger age, the results weren't that satisfying. Because of higher activity and strain there was a higher rate of wear of acetabular cartilage; twice, we had to perform later implantation of ceramic socket, up to now.     

Die chronisch fixierte zentrale Hüftgelenkluxationsfraktur

The acetabulum fracture with chronic dislocation of the femoral head is relatively uncommon. Due to complex morphology and bone defect of the acetabular dome, stable internal fixation is difficult. Primary total hip arthroplasty represents an alternative treatment. We report the case of a 66-year-old patient with a 3-month history of acetabular fracture with central dislocation of the femoral head. The patient was treated with cemented total hip arthroplasty and cancellous bone grafting of the central dome defect for stable cup fixation.     

人工髋关节置换术后翻修病例分析

目的分析人工髋关节置换术后翻修的原因,评价全髋翻修术的临床效果。方法本组33例34髋。初次关节置换类型:全髋置换21例,双杯髋关节置换1例,人工股骨头置换11例。翻修原因:无菌性松动23例24髋,髋臼位置不良1例1髋,股骨头置换后髋臼磨损5例5髋,感染4例4髋。翻修距初次手术时间:1年以内5髋,1～2年1髋,5～10年18髋,10～13年10髋。翻修假体类型:非骨水泥型假体20髋,混合型假体7髋,骨水泥型假体7髋。结果平均随访3.5年。1例术后半年发生股骨柄松动进行再翻修,其余病例假体保留,优良率为82.4%。结论翻修的最常见原因为无菌性松动,人工股骨头置换时髋臼磨损也是翻修原因之一,对较年轻的股骨颈骨折患者,如行假体置换,最好采用全髋关节置换。翻修术采用非骨水泥型假体较好。     

Bank bone grafts in revision hip arthroplasty for acetabular protrusion

In 23 revision hip arthroplasties in which acetabular protrusion was encountered, homologous bone grafting was used to reconstruct or reinforce the medial wall of the acetabulum. Loosening of the acetabular component was the cause of the protrusion in all the cases. Postoperative follow-up showed a solid bone socket around the acetabular cup in all the cases and no signs of loosening at 3-years' follow-up.     

Total hip arthroplasty with cementless cups and femoral head autografts for patients with hip dysplasia and osteoarthritis

Objective: To evaluate the outcome of total hip arthroplasty (THA) with cementless cups and femoral head autografts for patients with hip dysplasia and osteoarthritis. Methods: Between 1995 and 2002, we implanted 23 cementless cups and femoral head autografts in 20 patients with hip dysplasia and osteoarthritis. In this study, a retrospective study was made on 21 hips in 20 patients (18 females and 2 males, aged 50 years on an average) with developmental hip dysplasia treated by THA with a cementless cup and femoral head autograft. The acetabular cup was placed at the level of the true acetabulum and all the patients required autogenous femoral head grafts due to acetabular deficiency. The average rate of the acetabular cup covered by the femoral head autograft was 31% ( ranging from 10 % to 45 % ). Eight hips had less than 25 % cup coverage and thirteen between 25% and 50%. The average follow-up period was 4.7 years (range, 1-8 years). The replacing outcome was evaluated by modified Harri ship score. Preoperative and follow-up radiographs were made. Results: All the autografts were united to the host bones. No autograft was collapsed or no component from the hip was loosed in all the patients. According to the modified Harris hip score, the average hip score increased from 46 before operation to 89 at the final review. Before operation, the leg-length discrepancy was greater than 2 cm in all the patients except one with bilateral hip dysplasia. After operation, only 2 out of 20 patients had a leg-length discrepancy greater than 1 cm. Three hips showed minor bone resorption in the lateral portion of the graft, which did not support the cup. Three hips developed Grade 1 Brooker heterotopic ossification and one developed Grade 2. Conclusions: THA with a cementless cup and a femoral head autograft for patients with osteoarthritis resulted from hip dysplasia can result in favorable outcomes. This method can provide reliable acetabnlar fixation and restore the aeetabular bone stock in patients with developmental hip dysplasia when the cementless cup covered by the graft does not exceed 50 %.     

Revision total hip arthroplasty in juvenile chronic arthritis: 17 revisions in 11 patients followed for 4-12 years

BACKGROUND: Revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) is complicated by the young age of the patient, poor bone stock and small physical proportions. We report the complications and outcome of a prospective series of 17 revision THAs in Charnley class C JCA patients. METHODS: 15 acetabular components and 10 femoral components were revised. 13 cementless cups, 2 reconstruction/roof rings and cemented cups, and 4 cemented and 6 cementless femoral stems were implanted. 2 proximal femoral allografts and 1 strut allograft were used. Age at revision was 32 (21-53) years. Follow-up averaged 7 (4-12) years. RESULTS: 2 patients with cemented femoral stems developed loosening, osteolysis and fracture. Both were successfully revised to long-stem cementless implants with strut/proximal femoral allografts. 1 loose, worn cementless cup with osteolysis was revised. 1 patient with a peri-operative infection and late acetabular fracture had a loose, non-revised cementless cup. 1 case of sciatic nerve palsy occurred after revision using a reconstruction ring. 1 late infection necessitated resection arthroplasty. Harris hip scores improved from 53 (34-85) to 76 (47-96). INTERPRETATION: Revision THA in JCA has a substantial complication rate, even in experienced hands. The problem of obtaining long-term stable fixation, osteolysis, and replenishment of lost bone stock are major difficulties.     

Revision total hip arthroplasty for large medial (protrusio) defects with a rim-fit cementless acetabular component

Seventeen patients (19 hips) with protrusio acetabuli resulting from a failed total hip arthroplasty, large medial bone defect, and an intact bony rim were treated with an oversized cementless acetabular component and medial morcelized allograft. An average of 55% of the revision component was not supported by host bone. At an average follow-up of 2.8 (range 2-6) years, none of the acetabular components required revision for loosening. The average cup position preoperatively was 10.5 mm medial to Köhler's line and postoperatively was 6.8 mm lateral to Köhler's line. Despite very large medial defects, reconstructions with this technique remained stable.     

同侧髋臼骨折合并股骨颈骨折行一期全髋关节置换术的临床研究

目的探讨同侧髋臼骨折合并股骨颈骨折行一期全髋关节置换（THA）的手术方法及其疗效。方法2003年7月至2006年3月,对5例同侧髋臼骨折合并股骨颈骨折的患者行一期THA,均采用生物型人工髋关节,强调髋臼重建结构的稳定性,随访21～54个月（平均34．4个月）;手术距受伤时间5～42d（平均18．6d）。3例2周内手术者,尽可能解剖复位内固定,2例超过4周手术者,在骨折畸形愈合的基础上,不剥离骨痂,给予结构性植骨并重塑髋臼。结果按HHS评分为87．6分,其中优2例,良2例,可1例,随访期间未发生感染、松动和异位骨化等并发症。结论对同侧髋臼骨折合并股骨颈骨折的患者行一期THA,能取得较好疗效,避免切开复位内固定引起的治疗周期长,高并发症,疗效差,甚至短期再次行THA等缺点;重视髋臼结构的稳定性和有翻修经验的医师参与是提高手术疗效的关键。     

颗粒骨打压植骨结合多孔非骨水泥臼杯在AAOSⅢ型髋臼大面积骨缺损翻修中的应用

背景：颗粒骨打压植骨是修复髋臼骨缺损的重要方法,对大面积髋臼骨缺损采用打压植骨结合非骨水泥臼杯重建仍然存在争议。目的：探讨同种异体颗粒骨打压植骨结合多孔非骨水泥臼杯髋臼重建术修复AAOSⅢ型髋臼大面积骨缺损的方法及近期疗效。方法：随访2005年6月至2010年4月收治的28例（28髋）AA0SⅢ型髋臼大面积骨缺损患者。男18例,女10例,年龄34-74岁,平均53．8岁。髋关节置换术后感染醐翻修9例,骨溶解及髋臼假体松动翻修19例。本组AAOSⅢ型髋臼骨缺损面积大,术中见髋臼骨缺损超过髋臼关节面的50％。全部采用同种异体颗粒骨打压植骨结合多孔非骨水泥臼杯髋臼重建术。术后定期随访,观察臼杯有无松动、植入骨与宿主骨整合情况,髋关节功能评分采用Harris评分。结果：28例均获得随访,术后随访时间为13-70个月,平均43个月。Harris评分由术前32-48分,平均41分,提高至末次随访时86-95分,平均90分。28例髋臼假体均固定牢固无松动征象,植入骨逐渐与宿主骨整合,无感染及坐骨神经损伤。结论：在获得臼杯初始稳定固定的情况下,大面积颗粒骨打压植骨（臼杯与宿主骨接触面积〈50％）结合多孔非骨水泥臼杯髋臼重建术修复AAOSⅢ型髋臼大面积骨缺损近期疗效较好,远期疗效尚待进一步随访。     

Bank bone grafts in revision hip arthroplasty for acetabular protrusion

In 23 revision hip arthroplasties in which acetabular protrusion was encountered, homologous bone grafting was used to reconstruct or reinforce the medial wall of the acetabulum. Loosening of the acetabular component was the cause of the protrusion in all the cases. Postoperative follow-up showed a solid bone socket around the acetabular cup in all the cases and no signs of loosening at 3-years' follow-up.     

非骨水泥臼杯加自体股骨头植骨全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼发育不良伴骨性关节炎

目的：评价非骨水泥臼杯加自体股骨头植骨的全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼发育不良继发骨性关节炎的结果。方法：回顾性分析20例(21髋)患者行全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼发育不良继发骨性关节炎。女性18例,男性2例,平均年龄50岁,采用非骨水泥臼杯加自体股骨头植骨螺钉固定重建髋臼侧。臼杯置于真性髋臼水平,所有病例由于髋臼缺损而需要行自体股骨头植骨。平均植骨块覆盖的臼杯比例为31％(10％～45％)。8髋植骨块覆盖小于25％,13髋位于25％-50％之间。平均随访时间4．7年(1．5—8年)。采用改良Harris评分对结果进行评估。术前及随访时进行摄片观察。结果所有植骨块均获得愈合。无植骨块塌陷和髋假体松动。改良Harris评分由术前平均46分增加到89分。术前除1例双髋发育不良外,下肢不等长均超过2cm,术后只有2例仍有双下肢不等长超过1cm。3髋的植骨块外侧非支撑臼杯部分出现轻微的骨吸收。3髋发现有BrookerⅠ度异位骨化,1髋Ⅱ度异位骨化。结论：使用非骨水泥臼杯加自体股骨头植骨重建髋臼侧的全髋关节置换术治疗髋发育不良继发骨性关节炎可获得良好结果。该方法在植骨块支撑臼杯不超过50％的情况下,髋臼固定可靠,可保留髋臼的骨量。     

Revision acetabular arthroplasty using a pedestal cup in patients with previous congenital dislocation of the hip - four case reports and review of treatment

Despite extensive acetabular bone defects as found in revisions of total hip arthroplasty for high hip dislocation, the ilium usually still provides secure fixation of the pedestal of the acetabular component. Four cases are presented in which reconstruction was performed using a newly developed, conical, titanium, ribbed shaft socket designed for cementless press-fit into the dorsocranial ilium to obtain primary stability. In each case the pedestal cup allowed restoration of the original centre of rotation. There were no complications. A Harris hip score of 85 points was achieved after an average of 28.5 months. All components were radiologically stable. While the findings demonstrate the short-term efficacy of the procedure, longer follow-ups and a larger number of patients are needed before the durability of this reconstructive technique can be assessed.     

Early total hip arthroplasty for severe displaced acetabular fractures

Objective ： To investigate the effect of early total hip arthroplasty for severe displaced acetabular fractures. Methods： Total hip arthroplasty was performed on 17 cases of severe fracture of the acetabulum from 1997 to 2003. The mean follow-up was 2.1 years（ 1-6 years） and the average period from fracture to operation was 8 days （5-21 day）. The average age of the patients was 53 years （ 26-69 years）. Restdts： At the final follow-up the Harris hip score averaged 82（69-100） points and 15 cases have got a good outcome. There was one case of heterotopic bone formation. There were no radiographic evidences of lateloosening of the prosthesis. One patient had severe central displacement of the cup. Conclusions： In patients with severe displaced acetabular fractures, particularly in elderly patients, early total hip arthroplasty is probably an alternative efficient way to achieve a painless and stable hip.