枕下乙状窦后锁孔入路显微手术切除大型听神经瘤

目的总结枕下乙状窦后锁孔人路切除听神经瘤的临床经验.方法对42例大型听神经瘤行乙状窦后锁孔入路,在耳后发际内1 cm作6 cm小弧形切口,骨窗2.5～3.0 cm,显微手术切除肿瘤.结果肿瘤全切除40例(95.2%),近全切除2例;面神经解剖保留37例(88%),功能保留30例(71.4%);耳蜗神经解剖保留3例,有效听力保留1例;无手术死亡.结论经乙状窦后锁孔入路同样能获得对听神经瘤及桥小脑角神经、血管的良好显露.     

囊性听神经瘤的显微手术治疗(附81例报告)

目的为提高囊性听神经瘤的手术效果.方法回顾性分析81例囊性听神经瘤病人的临床资料,均经枕下乙状窦后入路切除肿瘤.结果肿瘤全切除73例,近全切8例.面神经解剖保留72例.术后面神经功能House-Brackmann分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级28例,Ⅲ～Ⅳ级38例,Ⅴ～Ⅵ级15例.结论面神经监护下行显微手术切除听神经瘤,有助于面神经的解剖保留和提高手术质量.     

经岩乙状窦前入路切除小脑桥脑角区肿瘤

目的探讨经岩乙状窦前入路切除小脑桥脑角区肿瘤的手术技巧及疗效。方法采用经岩乙状窦前入路切除小脑桥脑角区肿瘤34例,其中听神经瘤25例、脑膜瘤5例、胆脂瘤3例、星形细胞瘤1例;肿瘤向中线斜坡、岩尖、幕上生长13例,肿瘤最大径2.6～8.0cm。结果听神经瘤全切除23例,次全切除2例,脑膜瘤按改良Sim poson切除分级:Ⅰ级1例,Ⅱ级4例,胆脂瘤均全切除,星形细胞瘤次全切除。听神经瘤面神经解剖保留19例,其中面肌功能7例,有效听力保留3例;其余肿瘤均能保留面肌功能及有效听力。术后无其他新发生的颅神经损伤。结论该入路通过切除部分岩骨,可充分显露小脑桥脑角区,尤其适合向斜坡、岩尖及幕上生长肿瘤的切除。     

神经纤维瘤病-Ⅱ型显微手术治疗策略

目的探讨神经纤维瘤病-Ⅱ型(NF-2)显微手术切除的治疗策略。方法回顾性分析2000年1月至2015年12月期间16例NF2经显微手术切除的临床资料。其中双侧听神经瘤11例,另5例为Segmental型(不完全型) NF-2。均采用乙状窦后入路切除听神经瘤,术中采用面神经、三叉神经和听性脑干反应(ABR)监测。根据肿瘤大小、听力损伤程度选择手术切除时机和侧别。结果分期分侧切除双侧听神经瘤9例,单侧听神经瘤切除7例,共切除听神经瘤25侧。肿瘤全切除22侧(22/25,88%),近全切除3侧(为唯一存在听力耳)。椎管内神经鞘瘤切除3例,颅内脑膜瘤切除1例,均获得肿瘤全切除。大部分切除的3侧肿瘤和尚未行肿瘤切除的2侧听神经瘤(尚存有效听力),以及颅内1例多发性神经鞘瘤和多发性脑膜瘤1例,术后3个月内行伽玛刀治疗。术前有残余听力的11侧耳,术后5侧耳保留不同程度听力,听力保留率为45. 5%(5/11)。23侧肿瘤术中均解剖保留面神经(23/25,92%),术后半年复查面神经功能采用House-Brackmann(H-B)评分I～Ⅲ23侧,H-BⅣ级2侧。随访11～78个月,平均随访38. 4个月,肿瘤均得到有效控制,未见肿瘤复发或增大。结论 NF-2应根据肿瘤的大小、听力水平、解除脑干压迫的必要性、肿瘤的生长速度,制定恰当的手术方案。对于伴发的脑膜瘤或脊膜瘤、椎管内和颅内其它神经鞘瘤,根据是否引起临床症状来决定是否需要切除肿瘤。     

大型听神经瘤手术中面神经监测的效果观察

目的了解大型听神经瘤手术中连续面肌肌电图监测对术中、术后面神经解剖和功能保留的作用。方法根据Gormley颅内肿瘤分型方法,100例听神经瘤患者中肿瘤直径为4.0～4.9cm者82例,5.0～5.9cm者16例,直径≥6.0cm者2例。手术前采用House等面神经功能分级标准进行评估,Ⅰ级65例,Ⅱ级33例,Ⅲ级2例。采用经乙状窦后入路显微外科手术切除肿瘤,术中施行面肌肌电图监测和直接电刺激。结果100例中肿瘤全切除或近全切除者94例,大部分切除6例。2例肿瘤切除过程中切断面神经者均行Ⅰ期端-端吻合;2例面神经被切断1/2者行断端吻合。手术后2周面神经功能评估Ⅰ级30例,Ⅱ级50例,Ⅲ级10例,Ⅴ级10例;手术后1年随访面神经功能Ⅰ级76例,Ⅱ级14例,Ⅲ级7例,Ⅴ级3例。结论大型听神经瘤手术中采用面神经监测对面神经的解剖和功能保留有明显效果。     

大型听神经瘤的显微手术治疗及术中面神经保护

目的 探讨显微手术切除大型（肿瘤最大径>3 cm）听神经瘤的疗效及术中面神经保护的方法。方法 回顾性分析2014年1月至2018年2月手术治疗的86例大型听神经瘤的临床资料,均在电生理监测下采用枕下乙状窦后入路显微手术。结果 肿瘤全切除83例,近全切除3例。面神经保留78例（91%）;术后1周面神经功能House-Backmann分级:1级11例,2级37例,3级22例,4级16例。术后门诊随访3~30个月,术区皮下积液4例,口唇疱疹9例,无死亡病例。结论 术前多模态肿瘤-神经评估,术中实时电生理监测,精细显微手术对大型听神经瘤全切和保留面神经功能可提供保障。     

经乙状窦后入路切除听神经瘤

目前,采用各种方法治疗听神经瘤的报道十分丰富.文献资料表明,经乙状窦后入路切除听神经瘤疗效较为理想.术中颅神经监测及多学科合作使手术并发症进一步降低,术后面神经功能及听神经功能保存率明显改善.本文报道一组经乙状窦后入路切除听神经瘤的手术结果.全组患者255例,共切除256个肿瘤;其中男126例,女129例.年龄为16～84岁(平均50岁).术前有听力者221例,听神经瘤的最大径分别为<2cm者99例、2～4cm者117例、>4cm者40例;术后听神经功能保留率分别为99%(98例)、92.3%(108例)、89%(31例).患者取仰卧位或坐位,仰卧位时头高于心脏、转向健侧,此体     

大中型听神经瘤的显微手术治疗及面神经的保护

目的 探讨显微手术治疗大中型听神经瘤的疗效及保护面神经的方法。方法 23例大中型听神经瘤（直径>2 cm）患者均在电生理监测下采用枕下乙状窦后入路显微手术切除,术后对其面神经功能进行随防。结果 肿瘤全切除15例,近全切除8例;面神经保留22例,保留率为95.7%;术后面神经功能House-Brackmann分级:1级3例,2级10例,3级6例,4级2例,5级1例,6级1例。术后所有病人随访3~24月,发生脑脊液漏者1例,长期昏迷1例,无死亡病例。结论 显微手术与面神经的电生理监测为全切除大中型听神经瘤并保留面神经提供了保障。     

76例听神经瘤手术的面、听神经保护

目的 探讨听神经瘤手术中面、听神经的保护方法及手术技巧.方法 76例首发听神经瘤患者,行枕下-乙状窦后入路显微手术切除,术中行神经电生理监测及药物保护(尼莫地平),分别于术前、术后1周及1年行面神经HB功能分级评估及听力评估.结果 76例患者中,肿瘤全切71例(93%),面神经解剖保留74例(97%),听神经解剖保留16例(21%).术后1周面神经功能评估,Ⅰ级25例,Ⅱ级32例,Ⅲ级11例,Ⅳ级4例,Ⅴ级2例,Ⅵ级2例.术后1年面神经功能评估,Ⅰ级37例,Ⅱ级24例,Ⅲ级9例,Ⅳ级3例,Ⅴ级1例,Ⅵ级2例.术后1年时听力保留者16例,占21%.结论 听神经瘤手术中进行面神经电生理监测、药物治疗及娴熟的显微外科技巧是面、听神经功能保护的关键.     

核磁共振年代听神经瘤临床表现

多年来听神经瘤的临床表现一直是神经科及耳鼻咽喉科医师感兴趣的话题。 本文研究的目的是:了解当前听神经瘤的诊断进展及评价核磁共振对听神经瘤患者临床表现的意义。资料取自作者所在医院1986～1990年间收治的确诊为听神经瘤的120例病例,其中单侧123例,双侧3例,肿瘤大小分为,小肿瘤(<1cm),占24％,平均年龄54岁。中肿瘤(1～3cm),占60％,平均年龄51岁。大肿瘤(>3cm),占16％,平均年龄43岁。肿瘤大小的平均值为2.1cm(0.3～5.5cm)。 临床表现:1.听力障碍,主诉听力损失者85％。肿瘤愈大,其发生率愈高;肿瘤≥3cm组占95％。出现听力下降则在听神经瘤确诊前3.9年。67％的病人听力障碍为首发症状。听力损失通常是     

大型听神经瘤常见并发症及其防治

目的 探讨神经电生理监测下经枕下乙状窦后入路切除大型听神经瘤的常见并发症及其防治措施.方法 安徽医科大学附属省立医院神经外科自2006年5月至2010年4月在神经电生理监测下采用枕下乙状窦后入路手术切除大型听神经瘤116例,回顾性分析患者的临床资料和随访结果,比较肿瘤大小对患者术后近期、远期并发症发生率的影响.结果 本组肿瘤全切除107例,次全切除7例,大部切除2例;术中面神经解剖保留101例(87.07%),术后1周根据House-Brackman面神经功能分级标准对患者面神经功能进行评估显示Ⅰ、Ⅱ级89例(76.72%),Ⅲ、Ⅳ级13例(11.21%),Ⅴ、Ⅵ级14例(12.07%).患者出院后随访3～12个月,近期并发症主要为-过性声嘶、饮水呛咳(16例)和患侧单纯性疱疹(20例);远期并发症主要为听力丧失(83例)、永久性面瘫(23例);肿瘤直径>5 cm患者近期并发症中声嘶、饮水呛咳和患侧单纯性疱疹发生率较直径3～5 cm患者高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 熟悉手术入路相关临床解剖、积累手术经验、肿瘤大小、术中神经电生理监测是减少手术并发症的关键因素.

Abstract：

Objective To discuss the common complications of large acoustic neuromas performed surgery via suboccipital retrosigmoid approach under neurophysiological monitoring, and the prevention of postsurgical complications. Methods One hundred and sixteen patients with large acoustic neuromas, admitted to our hospital from May 2006 to April 2010, were performed surgery via suboccipital retrosigmoid approach under neurophysiological monitoring; clinical data and follow-up data (3-12 months) of these patients were collected and analyzed retrospectively; the influence of tumor dimension on short- and long-term postoperative complications after the surgery were compared.Results Total tumor resection was achieved in 107 patients, subtotal resection in 7 patients, and partial resection in 2 patients. After the operation, the facial nerve was preserved anatomically in 101 patients (87.07%); and the functional valuation of facial nerve according to postoperative House-Brackman showed 89 patients (76.72%) in grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ, 13 patients (11.21%) in gradeⅢ-Ⅳ and 14 patients (12.07%) in grade Ⅴ-Ⅵ. Short-term postoperative complications included hoarse voice in 16 patients and herpes catarrhalis of injured side in 20 patients. Long-term postoperative complications included loss of hearing (n=83) and permanent facial paralysis (n=23). Patients with tumor dimension larger than 5 cm had a significantly higher incidence of short-term postoperative complications than those within 3-5 cm (P< 0.05). No patient died. Conclusion The keys to avoiding the complications are to master the clinical anatomy of the approach, accumulate surgical experiences, preoperatively study the individual imaging and clinical data, and use intraoperative nerve monitoring.     

枕下乙状窦后锁孔入路显微手术切除大型听神经鞘瘤

目的 探讨经枕下乙状窦后锁孔入路显微手术切除大型听神经鞘瘤的手术技巧和临床疗效.方法 采用该入路对59例大型(≥3 cm)听神经鞘瘤行显微手术切除,术中通过调节显微镜角度和手术床位置充分显露肿瘤并切除,然后严密缝合硬脑膜,骨瓣复位固定.结果 肿瘤全切除53例(89.8%),次全切除6例(10.2%),全组无死亡患者,面神经均获解剖保留.术后出现轻、中度面瘫者45例(76.3%),部分听力残存15例,无切口局部脑脊液漏或皮下积液.结论 枕下乙状窦后锁孔入路显微手术是切除大型听神经鞘瘤的较好方法,死亡率和病残率低,并能有效保留面、听神经的功能.     

Gamma knife radiosurgery for intracanalicular acoustic neuromas

In the present study we reviewed our long-term experience with radiosurgery for intracanalicular acoustic neuromas. The study involved 25 patients with unilateral intracanalicular acoustic neuromas. The treatment volume was 0.07 to 0.8 cm(3) (median: 0.27 cm(3)). The marginal radiation dose used for treatment was 12 Gy for all patients. The follow-up period ranged from 36 to 132 months (mean: 89 months). The actuarial rate of tumour growth control at 5 and 10 years after radiosurgery was 96%. Hearing preservation was achieved in 16 patients (64%) and improvement (>20 dB relative to presurgical values) was noted in one patient (4%). No patients experienced post-radiosurgery facial palsy or other cranial nerve deficits. Based on our study and long-term follow-up, radiosurgery can produce high rates of tumour growth control and hearing preservation for intracanalicular acoustic neuromas, and is an alternative to surgical resection given its low level of invasiveness. When determining treatment for intracanalicular acoustic neuromas, the condition's benign natural course and the likelihood of hearing preservation must be taken into account.     

显微手术治疗听神经瘤126例

目的 分析总结听神经瘤的特点,改进手术方法,提高面神经保留率,预防并发症和降低死亡率。方法 对我科近１０年经显微手术治疗的１２６例听神经瘤进行回顾性分析研究。结果 本组肿瘤全切率为１００％。面神经保留率９０．４８％,另外,有４例进行了面－副神经吻合,有２例行颅内离断的面神经端－端吻合。本组仅有１例死亡,死亡率０．７９％。结论 显微手术治疗听神经瘤是更为安全和有效的方法,熟练的手术技巧和手术前后的处     

A cavernous hemangioma simulating an intracanalicular acoustic neurinoma--a case report

A case of an intrameatal cavernous hemangioma is reported. The 53-year-old patient presented with decreased hearing and a slight 7th nerve palsy on the left. Clinical features and preoperative radiological appearances were indistinguishable from those of an acoustic neurinoma. Though, DD the involvement of all three nerves (N. facialis, N. cochlearis, N. vestibularis) should have lead to another entity. The tumour showed intraoperatively no relationship to the 8th cranial nerve, but was very adherent to the facial nerve. The macroscopic appearance differed to the usual aspect of an acoustic neurinoma. The final diagnosis was made after the operation with histopathological methods. The clinical features and pathology of this type of tumour are discussed.     

大型听神经瘤的显微手术治疗

目的 探讨显微手术切除大型听神经瘤的入路和方法。方法 经枕下入路显微手术切除大型听神经瘤226例,其中锁孔手术93例。结果 肿瘤全切除193例,次全切除33例。术后死亡1例。术后出现肿瘤部位血肿4例。术中面神经解剖保留205例。177例出院后随访2月~13年,面神经House-Brachmann分级Ⅰ~Ⅲ级143例,Ⅲ级以上34例。结论 枕下入路是显微手术切除大型听神经瘤的有效入路,并能较好地保留面神经功能;强调术中监测,仔细、耐心操作以便保留面神经的功能;当肿瘤与面神经或脑干粘连紧时勿强求肿瘤全切;锁孔手术完全可以达到切除大型听神经瘤要求,损伤小。     

Cavernous haemangioma of the internal auditory canal: a case report.

We report a patient with a cavernous haemangioma of the internal auditory canal (IAC). A 47-year-old man presented with a left profound hearing loss and a left facial palsy that had progressed over 5 years. With a preoperative diagnosis of acoustic or facial nerve neurinoma, the tumour was removed totally by a translabyrinthine approach. Intraoperatively, the tumour appeared red; it compressed the facial and cochlear nerves, and adhered to the vestibular nerve. The tumour was diagnosed as a cavernous haemangioma upon histologic and immunohistochemical examination. No recurrence of tumour occurred, but hearing loss and left facial palsy persisted. Although cavernous haemangiomas of the IAC is found in small size less than 10 mm, they often cause severe hearing loss and facial palsy. Our patient had no improvement of facial palsy, but many reports describe recovery of facial nerve function.     

乙状窦前入路切除岩斜区肿瘤

目的回顾分析15例经乙状窦前入路显微手术切除岩斜区肿瘤病例,探讨乙状窦前入路的临床应用价值。方法 15例患者中男8例,女7例。临床表现:耳鸣、耳聋2例,面部麻木10例,头痛13例,肢体乏力、行走不稳12例;外展神经麻痹5例,后组颅神经麻痹3例,肢体轻瘫6例,共济运动障碍8例。术前行CT检查及MRI检查。肿瘤最大直径为3.0～6.0 cm。所有患者均在全麻下行乙状窦前入路肿瘤切除。手术后病理证实:脑膜瘤8例,胆脂瘤2例,三叉神经鞘瘤2例,大型听神经瘤1例,软骨肉瘤1例,脑转移瘤1例。结果脑膜瘤8例中SimpsonⅡ级切除5例,SimpsonⅢ～Ⅳ级切除3例;胆脂瘤2例全切除;三叉神经鞘瘤全切除1例,大部分切除1例;听神经瘤1全切除;软骨肉瘤1例行大部切除;脑转移瘤1例全切除。术后感觉性失语:1例胆脂瘤患者术后出现,1个月内恢复。第Ⅲ颅神经麻痹1例,第Ⅴ颅神经功能障碍2例,周围性面瘫1例,后组颅神经麻痹1例。结论乙状窦前入路可以近距离暴露肿瘤,是切除岩斜区肿瘤的理想入路。