Metabolic effects of citrate- vs bicarbonate-based substitution fluid in continuous venovenous hemofiltration: A prospective sequential cohort study

Background

Studies investigating the metabolic effects of citrate-based substitution fluids are lacking. This study aims to compare the effect of citrate- vs bicarbonate-based substitution fluid used during continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) for acute kidney injury on acid-base balance and electrolytes in critically ill patients.

Methods

This was a prospective sequential cohort study in patients with a contraindication for systemic anticoagulation. The first cohort was treated by bicarbonate-based CVVH (n = 10) and the second cohort was treated by CVVH with citrate-based substitution fluid (n = 19). Flow of the latter was coupled to blood flow, and ionized calcium concentrations were monitored and kept constant by calcium-glubionate infusion.

Results

No major differences between the 2 groups were found in baseline acid-base parameters. In both groups, arterial pH increased after initiation of treatment and normalized on the average within 18 hours in either group. No differences were found in bicarbonate concentrations. Electrolyte control was comparable for the groups.

Conclusion

Citrate-based substitution fluid is comparable to bicarbonate-based substitution fluid during CVVH in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury, concerning acid-base balance and electrolyte control. This implies complete conversion of citrate to bicarbonate in the patients studied.     

Blood hemoperfusion with resin adsorption combined continuous veno-venous hemofiltration for patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome

BACKGROUND:

Blood hemoperfusion with resin adsorption can clean larger molecules that exceed the molecular weight cutoff of combined continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH). Hence blood hemoperfusion with resin adsorption combined CVVH (HP+CVVH) has higher ability of mediator clearance, and can improve clinical outcomes in theory. This study aimed to investigate the effect of blood hemoperfusion with resin adsorption combined continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (HP+CVVH) on plasm cytokines like TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, cellular immunity and prognosis in patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).

METHODS:

This was a prospective, randomized clinical trial. A total of 30 patients who had been diagnosed with MODS were enrolled in this study. Patients were randomly allocated to routine treatment+HP+CVVH group (treatment group) and routine treatment+only CVVH group (control group). In the treatment group, patients received blood hemoperfusion with resin adsorption for 2 hours, and then received CVVH for 10 hours every day. In the control group, patients received CVVH for 12 hours only every day. The patients in the two groups received blood purification therapy for three days. The plasma of patients in the treatment group was obtained at 0, 2, 12, 24, 26, 36, 48, 50, 60 hours, 5th day, 7th day and 10th day, respectively. The plasma of patients in the control group was obtained at 0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 hours, 5th day, 7th day and 10th day, respectively. APACHE II score, T-lymphocytes subpopulations, blood lactate acid concentration, heart rate, breathing rate, and oxygenation index were observed.

RESULTS:

Plasma cytokines like TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 decreased markedly after HP (P<0.01); T-lymphocytes subpopulations CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+ increased after HP+CVVH or only CVVH. The plasma concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in the two groups were not markedly different at 12, 36, and 50 hours. But on the 5th day, the plasma concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). On the 28th day, 5 patients died in the treatment group, and 6 patients in the control group.

CONCLUSIONS:

Both HP+CVVH and CVVH can clean plasma cytokines like TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and improve cellular immunity and clinical symptoms and signs of patients. Compared with only CVVH, the plasma concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were lower on the 5th day, and patients have an increased survival rate on the 28 day in the HP+CVVH group.KEY WORDS: Hemoperfusion with resin adsorption, Continuous veno-venous hemofiltration, Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, Cytokines     

脉冲式高容量血液滤过与连续性血液滤过治疗重症急性胰腺炎的疗效比较

目的:比较脉冲式高容量血液滤过(PHVHF)与连续性血液滤过(CVVH)治疗重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)的疗效。方法:38例SAP患者随机接受PHVHF或CVVH治疗,分别为18例及20例,血滤72h后观察两组治疗前后临床症状,急性生理学及慢性健康状况评价Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分,生化指标的改变及病死率。结果:治疗后两组症状明显改善,APACHEⅡ评分、血清淀粉酶、肝功能、血肌酐、白细胞和CRP均有下降(P<0.05)。低氧血症,酸中毒纠正,PHVHF组优于CVVH组,在心率、呼吸、肝功能、APACHEⅡ评分方面差异显著(P<0.05)。PHVHF组病死率为11.1%,CVVH组为25%。结论:PHVHF治疗SAP效果显著,明显优于CVVH组,可以作为SAP的重要辅助治疗。     

Cytokine removal and cardiovascular hemodynamics in septic patients with continuous venovenous hemofiltration

Objectives: To determine whether continuous venovenous hemofiltration leads to extraction of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and cytokines from the circulation of critically ill patients with sepsis and acute renal failure and to quantitate the clearance and the removal rate of these cytokines and their effect on serum cytokine concentrations. Design: Prospective, controlled study in patients with continuous venovenous hemofiltration (24 l/24 h) using a polysulphone membrane in patients with acute renal failure. Patients: 33 ventilated patients with acute renal failure of septic (n = 18) and cardiovascular origin (n = 15) were studied. Interventions: Hemodynamic monitoring and collection of blood and ultrafiltrate samples before and during the first 72 h of continuous hemofiltration. Measurements and main results: Cardiovascular hemodynamics (Swan-Ganz catheter), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, creatinine, electrolytes, and blood urea nitrogen were recorded daily. Cytokines (TNFα, TNFα-RII, interleukin (IL) 1β , IL1RA, IL2, IL2R, IL6, IL6R, IL8, IL10) were measured in prefilter blood and in ultrafiltrate immediately preceding and 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after initiating continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH). Septic patients showed elevated cardiovascular values for cardiac output (7.2 ± 2.1 l/min), cardiac index (4.2 ± 1.3 l/min per m²), and stroke volume (67 ± 23 ml) and reduced values for systemic vascular resistance (540 ± 299 dyn · s · cm^{− 5}). All hemodynamic values normalized within the first 24 h after initiating CVVH treatment. TNFα was 1833 ± 1217 pg/ml in septic patients and 42.9 ± 6.3 pg/ml in nonseptic patients (p < 0.05) prior to CVVH. TNFα was detected in ultrafiltrate but did not decrease in blood during treatment with CVVH. There was no difference in IL 1β between septic (3.8 ± 1.9 pg/ml) and nonseptic patients (1.7 ± 0.5 pg/ml). No significant elimination of cytokines was achieved in the present study by CVVH treatment. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that CVVH can remove TNFα and special cytokines from the circulation of critically ill patients. Cardiovascular hemodynamics seemed to improve in septic patients after induction of hemofiltration treatment, although there was no evidence that extracorporeal removal of cytokines achieved a reduction in blood levels. The study indicates that low volume continuous hemofiltration with polysulphone membranes in patients with acute renal failure is not able to induce significant removal of cytokines. Received: 12 February 1996 Accepted: 27 November 1996     

Mass transfer, clearance and plasma concentration of procalcitonin during continuous venovenous hemofiltration in patients with septic shock and acute oliguric renal failure

Objectives

To measure the mass transfer and clearance of procalcitonin (PCT) in patients with septic shock during continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH), and to assess the mechanisms of elimination of PCT.

Setting

The medical department of intensive care.

Design

A prospective, observational study.

Patients

Thirteen critically ill patients with septic shock and oliguric acute renal failure requiring continuous venovenous postdilution hemofiltration with a high-flux membrane (AN69 or polyamide) and a 'conventional' substitution volume (< 2.5 l/hour).

Measurements and main results

PCT was measured with the Lumitest PCT Brahms^® in the prefilter and postfilter plasma, in the ultrafiltrate at the beginning of CVVH (T0) and 15 min (T15'), 60 min (T60') and 6 hours (T6h) after setup of CVVH, and in the prefilter every 24 hours during 4 days. Mass transfer was determined and the clearance and the sieving coefficient were calculated according to the mass conservation principle. Plasma and ultrafiltrate clearances, respectively, at T15', T60' and T6h were 37 ± 8.6 ml/min (not significant) and 1.8 ± 1.7 ml/min (P < 0.01), 34.7 ± 4.1 ml/min (not significant) and 2.3 ± 1.8 ml/min (P < 0.01), and 31.5 ± 7 ml/min (not significant) and 5 ± 2.3 ml/min (P < 0.01). The sieving coefficient significantly increased from 0.07 at T15' to 0.19 at T6h, with no difference according to the nature of the membrane. PCT plasma levels were not significantly modified during the course of CCVH.

Conclusions

We conclude that PCT is removed from the plasma of patients with septic shock during CCVH. Most of the mass is eliminated by convective flow, but adsorption also contributes to elimination during the first hours of CVVH. The effect of PCT removal with a conventional CVVH substitution fluid rate (<2.5 l/hour) on PCT plasma concentration seems to be limited, and PCT remains a useful diagnostic marker in these septic patients. The impact of high-volume hemofiltration on the PCT clearance, the mass transfer and the plasma concentration should be evaluated in further studies.     

多脏器功能障碍综合征患者连续性血液滤过治疗肝素用量与病情危重程度及预后的相关性

目的：探讨多脏器功能障碍综合征（multiple organ dysfunction syndrome MODS）患者连续性血液滤过治疗肝素许可用量与预后的相关性分析。方法选择我院 MODS 行连续性血液滤过治疗患者60例,依据预后分为死亡组和存活组。评估肝素许可用量与病情危重程度及预后的相关性。结果①肝素的平均许可用量（8．27±1．19） U·kg－1·h－1。死亡组肝素的许可用量明显少于存活组,（6．55±1．48）U·kg－1·h－1 vs （9．59±0．96）U·kg－1· h－1（P ＜0．05）。②肝素的许可用量与年龄、APACHEⅡ评分呈明显负相关（r ＝－0．550,－0．563,P ＜0．01）。结论 MODS 患者连续性血液滤过治疗中肝素的许可用量与 MODS 患者的预后密切相关。     

连续性静-静脉血液滤过对烧伤脓毒症患者的治疗作用

目的探讨连续性静-静脉血液滤过(CVVH)对烧伤脓毒症患者的疗效。方法36例烧伤患者随机分成CVVH组14例和对照组22例,对照组采用常规综合治疗方法,CVVH治疗组在常规综合治疗的同时进行CVVH治疗。两组均同时监测血白细胞、肌酐、尿素氮、钾离子、血浆肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、白细胞介素-1(IL-l)、IL-6和内毒素(LPS)浓度等指标及并发症。结果CVVH组各项指标的改善程度均优于对照组。结论CVVH对烧伤脓毒症患者有显著的疗效。     

脉冲式高容量血液滤过治疗重症急性胰腺炎的疗效分析

目的 对脉冲式高容量血液滤过(PHVHF)与连续性血液滤过(CVVH)治疗重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)的疗效进行比较分析.方法 2005年1月至2009年12月收住苏州大学附属第四医院的38例SAP患者常规治疗的同时,72 h内随机(随机数字法)接受PHVHF或CVVH治疗,分别为18例及20例,血滤72 h后观察两组治疗前后临床症状,急性生理学及慢性健康状况评价Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分,生化指标的改变及死亡率.ELISA法检测治疗前后血浆TNF-α,IL-6,IL-10水平.观察休克患者多巴胺的使用量.计量资料使用均数±标准差((-x)±s),采用t检验分析相关指标,P＜0.05有统计学意义.结果 治疗后两组症状明显改善,APACHEⅡ评分、血清淀粉酶、肌酐、白细胞均有下降(P＜0.05),低氧血症、酸中毒纠正,在心率、呼吸、APACHE Ⅱ评分方面差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).两组患者治疗后TNF-α,IL-6,IL-10均有显著性下降(P＜0.05),PHVHF组优于CVVH组(P＜0.01).两组休克患者多巴胺使用量均明显下降(P＜0.01),PHVH组下降更明显(P＜0.05).PHVHF组死亡率为11.1%,CVVH组为25%.结论 PHVHF治疗SAP效果显著,明显优于CVVH组,它能有效降低炎症因子水平,维持血流动力学,降低死亡率,故可以作为SAP的重要辅助治疗.     

连续性血液滤过对重症急性胰腺炎诱发组织器官损害的保护作用

目的　探讨连续性静静脉血液滤过 (CVVH)对重症急性胰腺炎 (SAP)诱发组织器官损害的保护作用。方法　 37例 SAP患者随机分为 CVVH治疗组 (2 2例 )和对照组 (15例 )。对照组采用常规综合治疗方法 ,CVVH治疗组在常规综合治疗的同时进行 CVVH治疗。两组均同时监测血内毒素、肿瘤坏死因子 α(TNFα)、白介素 1β(IL 1β)、C 反应蛋白 (CRP)及淀粉酶 (AMS)、脂肪酶 (L ip)水平 ,并进行血、尿液和滤出液的常规检查 ,同时观察肺、肝、肾、心和脑等脏器功能。结果　 CVVH治疗组对脏器组织的保护作用优于对照组 ,可改善体内炎症状态 ,病死率 (18.2 % )较对照组 (33.3% )低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,平均住院时间为 (18.3±5 .7) d,亦短于对照组 (2 7.5± 8.6 ) d。结论　 CVVH对 SAP诱发的组织器官的损害具有保护作用。     

Pharmacokinetics of piperacillin and tazobactam in critically ill patients with renal failure, treated with continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH)

Objective: Kinetics of piperacillin (pip), in combination with the beta-lactamase inhibitor tazobactam (taz) have been studied in volunteers and patients in relatively stable conditions. The fixed drug preparation appeared to have ideal pharmacokinetic properties if renal function was normal or slightly impaired, but no data are available for critically ill patients in anuric renal failure. This study should provide such data. Patients, design: We studied the pharmacokinetics in nine patients with multiple organ failure, including anuric renal failure, treated with continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH). Patients received a standard schedule of 4 g pip and 0.5 g taz administered over 0.5 h intravenously, 8 hourly. During 2 consecutive days, the serum levels of both compounds were determined, and total clearance (CI_T) was calculated from serum concentrations. Results: All nine patients completed day 1, and 8 completed day 2 of the protocol. On day 1, single-dose kinetics showed considerable spread, but pip/taz serum levels followed the pattern as expected, with a pip / taz concentration ratio of 20 : 1. On day 2, however, taz serum concentrations showed a relative increase as compared to pip, resulting in a change in the serum pip/taz concentration ratio to 10 : 1 on day 2. The CI_T of pip was 2.52 ± 1.38 l/h (t ¹/₂ : 5.9 ± 2.9 h), and CI_T of taz 4.44 ± 2.28 l/h (t ¹/₂ : 8.1 ± 3.7 h). The CI_T and t ¹/₂ of pip and taz correlated highly significantly with clearance by CVVH. Despite a higher CI_T, taz has a longer half-life, because of a higher volume of distribution. Conclusion: In CVVH dependent patients, pip/taz fixed drug preparations can be used initially, but the pip dosage should be increased relative to that of taz (or interval-adjusted) to prevent cumulation of taz, as compared to the active antimicrobial agent pip. Received: 19 February 1997 Accepted: 20 May 1997     

碳酸氢钠溶液不同输注方式对CRRT患者体外循环通路动静脉壶凝血的影响

目的 观察行持续肾脏替代治疗（CRRT）患者碳酸氢钠溶液两种不同输注方式对体外循环通路动静脉壶凝血的影响.方法 选择行连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过（CVVH）患者22例,共170例次,全部采用前稀释方式,按碳酸氢钠溶液不同输注方式分为对照组和实验组.对照组直接将碳酸氢钠溶液加入置换液中,钙离子从静脉壶端输入.实验组将碳酸氢钠溶液从静脉壶端输注,钙离子从中心静脉管路输入.观察两组体外循环通路动脉壶和静脉壶出现血凝块的发生率.结果 CRRT采用前稀释方式时实验组静脉壶出现凝血的发生率低于对照组（P＜0.05）.结论 采用碳酸氢钠溶液从静脉壶端输注能减少体外循环通路静脉壶凝血.     

难治性充血性心衰患者水钠潴留的CVVH治疗疗效和护理难点临床分析

目的:评价连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过(CVVH)治疗难治性充血性心衰患者水钠潴留的疗效,总结CVVH的护理经验,为难治性心衰患者的治疗提供更好的医护帮助。方法:收集2009年3月～2010年3月我院CCU住院治疗的难治性心衰水钠潴留患者57例,其中行CVVH治疗的26例为治疗组,行常规治疗的31例为对照组,观察治疗前后的体重变化、心衰症状改善情况及血液动力学和实验室检测指标的变化情况。结果:CVVH治疗48h的体重变化和心衰症状改善均优于对照组(均P0.01),患者对CVVH治疗耐受良好,安全有效,无严重的治疗并发症。结论:CVVH治疗充血性心力衰竭患者水钠潴留的近期疗效是有效的和安全的,但需要更大的样本量来进一步证实这一结论。护理是CVVH治疗中至关重要的环节,尤其要注意低血压和离子、酸碱失衡的出现。     

连续性和反复间断血液滤过治疗重症急性胰腺炎的临床价值

目的：研究早期连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过和反复间断静脉一静脉血滤治疗重症急性胰腺炎的临床价值。方法：45例SAP患者随机分为CVVH组（25例）和RIVVH组（20例）。比较2组患者的生命体征、生化指标、治疗前后的APACHEⅡ评分、死亡率、好转率。结果：CVVH组中3例死于MODS,死亡率为12%,RIVVH组死亡3例（15%）,其差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;CVVH组好转率为80%（20/25）,与RIVVH组的80%（16/20）一致。在治疗的早期阶段,对于改善生命体征,降低APACHEⅡ评分CVVH效果更显注,但随着治疗时间的延长,这种差异逐渐变小,在后期两组间不再存在疗效差异,最终疗效上没有明显的差异,而RIVVH组,在治疗费用和人员成本上具有优势。结论：早期RIVVH治疗SAP可以作为SAP重要的辅助治疗措施。     

持续静-静脉血液滤过治疗妊娠高血压疾病合并急性左心衰竭的疗效及安全性研究

目的探讨应用持续静静脉血液滤过(continuous veno-venous hemofiltration,CVVH)治疗妊娠高血压疾病合并急性左心衰竭的临床疗效及安全性。方法对26例确诊妊娠高血压疾病合并急性左心衰竭的患者在常规治疗效果不佳的基础上加用CVVH治疗,比较治疗前后患者生命体征和临床症状的改善情况、血浆B型利钠肽(B-type natriuretic peptide,BNP)的变化、超声心动图射血分数(ejection fraction,EF)的变化,并监测治疗过程中的并发症。结果经CVVH治疗后临床症状改善,心率和呼吸频率逐渐下降,脉搏血氧饱和度上升,血压逐渐下降,中心静脉压下降,与治疗前相比差异均有统计学意义(均P0.01);治疗后BNP下降,患者左心室EF增加、左心室舒张末直径均较前有明显改善,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论CVVH治疗妊娠高血压疾病合并急性左心衰竭可在短时间内缓解症状,改善心功能,且无严重并发症的发生,是一种安全而有效的治疗方法。     

Pharmacokinetics of milrinone in patients with congestive heart failure during continuous venovenous hemofiltration

Objective: To evaluate the pharmocokinetics of intravenous milrinone in patients with severe congestive heart failure during continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH). Design: Prospective study of patients with congestive heart failure admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Setting: ICU between September 1997 and August 1999. Patients and methods: Six patients with severe congestive heart failure during CVVH: all patients received a continuous infusion of milrinone of 0.25 μg · kg^{− 1}· min^{− 1}. The hemodynamics and plasma concentration of milrinone were measured before and after the infusion. Pharmacokinetics were analyzed with one-compartment model featuring constant rate infusion. Results: The steady-state concentration (Css) was 845 ± 135 (mean ± SD) ng/ml, and the half-life time (t_1/2) was 20.1 ± 3.3 h. Cardiac index and stroke volume index after the infusion of milrinone increased significantly compared with pre-infusion levels. Other hemodynamic parameters did not change significantly. All patients died within 1 month after the injection of milrinone because of severe forms of arrhythmia, such as ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. Conclusions: We found that the mean Css and the mean t_1/2 of milrinone in subjects during CVVH were much higher and longer than those previously reported for subjects with normal renal function. It is therefore essential to adjust the dose or modify the dosing interval of milrinone during renal replacement therapy for patients with severe congestive heart failure. However, further studies are needed to determine the details of pharmacokinetics of milrinone and therapeutic procedures for patients with severe heart failure during CVVH. Received: 1 December 1999 Final revision received: 9 March 2000 Accepted: 11 April 2000     

连续性血液净化治疗顽固性心力衰竭和清除炎症介质临床研究

目的探讨应用持续静静脉血液滤过(continuous veno-venous hemofiltration,CVVH)技术对顽固性心力衰竭患者炎症介质水平的影响。方法 19例顽固性心力衰竭患者经右侧股静脉插管留置单针单腔导管,行CVVH模式治疗。于CVVH治疗前后,检测血液电解质和肾功能,于CVVH治疗前和治疗后1、2、4、6、8h抽取静脉血液检测炎症介质,其中采用酶联免疫吸附法测定有关炎症介质因子。观察心功能指标和临床转归。结果19例患者CVVH后血尿素氮、血清肌酐和K+均下降(P<0.05);肿瘤坏死因子á、白细胞介素6和白细胞介素8水平降低(P<0.05);左心室射血分数、心输出量和心脏指数均明显提高(P<0.05);治疗后纽约心脏病学会心功能分级为Ⅰ级2例,Ⅱ级13例,Ⅲ级4例;显效15例(78.8%),有效4例(21.2%),除个别患者出现轻微头晕、恶心等,均无严重并发症出现。结论 CVVH能清除顽固性心力衰竭患者血浆多种炎症介质因子,并可降低血尿素氮、血清肌酐和K+水平,改善心功能和预后。     

高容量血液滤过对多器官功能障碍综合征患者肿瘤坏死因子及其受体的影响

目的　探讨高容量血液滤过 (HVHF)和连续性静静脉血液滤过 (CVVH)对多器官功能障碍综合征 (MODS)患者肿瘤坏死因子 α(TNFα)及可溶性 TNF受体 (s TNF R1和 s TNF R2 )水平的影响。方法　将 12例确诊为合并急性肾衰竭 (ARF)的 MODS患者随机分为两组 ,分别应用 CVVH和 HVHF方式治疗 ;用酶联免疫吸附法 (EL ISA)测定 CVVH和 HVHF治疗过程中血清 TNFα、s TNF R1和 s TNF R2水平。结果　 HVHF和 CVVH治疗 8h后 ,患者血浆中肌酐 (SCr)和尿素氮 (BU N)均降低 (P均 <0 .0 5 )。在 HVHF治疗期间 ,血清 TNFα水平逐渐降低 ,以治疗后 8h下降最明显 ,与治疗前、治疗后 1h和 4 h血清TNFα水平比较均有显著性差异 (P均 <0 .0 0 1)。在 CVVH治疗期间血清 TNFα水平以及 CVVH和HVHF治疗过程中血清 s TNF R1、s TNF R2水平均无明显的变化 (P均 >0 .0 5 )。结论　 HVHF治疗能明显增加 MODS患者的血清 TNFα清除能力 ,其对 s TNF R1和 s TNF R2等抗炎介质的影响较小。在MODS患者连续性肾脏替代 (CRRT)治疗方式选择上 ,更宜选用 HVHF治疗。     

持续静脉-静脉血液滤过治疗重症急性胰腺炎的护理

目的总结24例重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)患者行持续静脉-静脉血液滤过(CVVH)的护理体会。方法对24例SAP患者在行CVVH过程中的心理变化、生命体征、血滤机参数及治疗并发症进行观察及护理。结果在治疗过程中监测血液生化指标和尿量,均能平稳清除多余水分和毒素,维持水、电解质和酸碱平衡,为SAP的救治提供了有效的支持。结论CVVH治疗SAP的重点是做好患者的心理护理,严密观察生命体征,注意监测血滤机参数,加强管路护理,预防CVVH的并发症等。     

不同置换液流量对危重患者连续静脉-静脉血液滤过治疗中去甲肾上腺素清除率的影响

目的探讨不同置换液流量的连续静脉-静脉血液滤过治疗(continuous veno-venous hemofiltration,CVVH)对危重患者血液中去甲肾上腺素清除率的影响。方法 2014年7月到2015年3月,便利抽样法选择在某三级甲等医院ICU住院且伴有急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)接受CVVH治疗的多器官功能障碍综合征(multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,MODS)的患者30例为研究对象,所有患者均采用床旁血液净化机进行CVVH治疗,按照住院号单双号将其分为2L/h置换液组和3L/h置换液组,比较不同置换液流量下滤器对血液去甲肾上腺素清除率。结果去甲肾上腺素清除率与滤液中去甲肾上腺素浓度相关[y=2.122+0.067x,R=0.609,P0.01]。3 L/h置换液组滤器去甲肾上腺素清除率[(11.96±5.07)ml/min]大于2L/h置换液组[(7.72±2.50)ml/min],差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 CVVH对去甲肾上腺素的清除率随着置换液流量的增加而增加,对于血流动力学不稳定的患者可选择低流量的置换液。     

持续静静脉血液滤过和持续低效每日透析治疗重症急性肾损伤的临床研究

目的 探讨持续静静脉血液滤过(continuous veno-venous hemofiltration,CVVH)与持续低效每日透析(sustained low-efficiency dailY dialysiS,SLEDD)治疗重症急性肾损伤的疗效和安全性.方法 回顾性分析了四川省人民医院重症监护室41例合并急性肾损伤行血液净化治疗患者,其中CVVH组18例,SLEDD组23例,调查患者性别、年龄、原发病、治疗前急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分(acutephysiology and chroniC health evaluation,APACHE)Ⅱ、脏器衰竭数、急性肾损伤分级;血液净化治疗模式和剂量、血管通路、抗凝方式等.研究2种肾替代治疗模式对重症急性肾损伤患者血流动力学、溶质清除、电解质和酸碱平衡、疾病转归以及卫生经济学的影响.结果 2组问年龄、性别、脏器衰竭数、急性肾损伤分级差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但CVVH组APACHE Ⅱ分值明显高于SLEDD组(P＜0.05),死亡率也高于SLEDD组;比较SLEDD组(128次)与CVVH组(87次)透析记录,对血液动力学影响2组问差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);2组治疗前后电解质(除血钾外)和酸碱的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),抗凝剂使用CVVH组明显高于SLEDD组(P＜0.01),CVVH组治疗的日超滤量、液体入量和液体出量明显高于SLEDD组(均P＜0.01),CVVH组治疗的工作时间、夜班时间和费用明显高于SLEDD组(P＜0.01).结论 SLEDD使用相对短的时间、更少的抗凝剂,以较低的成本基本达到与CVVH治疗相当的效果.