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非甾体类抗炎药具有解热、镇痛、抗炎抗风湿的作用,少数药物还有抑制血小板聚集、防止血栓形成等作用。药物作用与甾体类抗炎药相似,但是本类药物在化学结构与甾体类抗炎药物不同,故称为非甾体类抗炎药。本类药物主要作用机制为抑制前列腺素的合成,由于药物的选择性低和本类药物对肾脏的直接毒性,长期大量使用会导致肾功能损害。临床应用此类药物应合理使用密切观察,一旦发生肾功能损害,立即停药及时治疗,避免和减少不良反应的发生。 相似文献
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选择性COx-2抑制剂的心血管风险评价 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
选择性COX-2抑制剂是目前世界范围内使用量最多的药物之一,因其与传统的非甾体类抗炎药物(tNSAID)一样能发挥相似的抗炎、镇痛效应,而引起的胃肠道不良反应较少。近来许多临床统计数据及试验研究均不断发出警示:选择性COX-2抑制剂会导致严重心血管事件的发生率增高,包括心肌 相似文献
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非甾体类抗炎药物(NSAID)的发展是从阿司匹林开始,它的出现标志着抗炎治疗时代的开始,并在以后的年代中一直是抗炎药物治疗的主要支柱。这种情况一直持续到本世纪60年代,其后相继研究和上市了许多类型结构的抗炎药物,如吲哚类的消炎痛、舒林酸、阿西美辛,丙酸类的布洛芬和亲普生,苯乙酸类的双氯芬酸钠及炎痛昔康。这些药物的出现,使几十年来阿司匹林独占抗炎药坛的单一局面得到改善,使非甾体类抗炎药物的体系迅速建立起来,并推动了科学家们对抗炎药药理特性方面的研究。1971年Vane证明,通过抑制环氧化酶阻断前列腺素合成,是… 相似文献
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近年来,神经炎症在缺血性脑卒中中的作用引起广泛关注,小胶质细胞、星形胶质细胞及众多炎性因子参与了炎症反应,并涉及到多种炎症反应的信号通路。根据缺血性脑卒中神经炎症反机制可采取具有抗炎作用的药物治疗,包括非甾体类抗炎药、抗生素类、天然植物源抗炎药、血清蛋白酶抑制剂、他汀类、棉籽油等多种抗炎药物。就缺血性脑卒中的神经炎症反应机制及相关的抗炎药物的研究进展进行综述,为进一步探索现有药物的抗炎机制及开发新型抗炎药物提供参考,并为缺血性脑卒中提供新的治疗方向。 相似文献
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目前,非甾体抗炎药物在老年人中使用量较大,并成为常用的组合药物之一。此外,老年患者也常伴有高血压等疾病。故临床上经常将非甾体抗炎药物和抗高血压药物联用。但很多实例表明这种联用十分危险,建议监测治疗。本文综述了不同类型抗高血压药物分别和非甾体抗炎药物联用的机制及其对血压的深度影响,以指导合理用药。 相似文献
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目的:为有效反映非甾体抗炎药在某院的临床应用情况,分析其临床应用趋势,提高非甾体抗炎药应用的安全性、合理性和经济性,从经济学的角度对某院2010-2013年非甾体抗炎药物临床使用情况进行药物利用研究(DUR)。方法:采用回顾性调查方法,结合用药金额排序法、用药频度分析法、日均费用分析法和药物利用指数分析法等研究方法,对某院2010-2013年非甾体抗炎药的临床使用情况进行统计分析。结果:该院非甾体抗炎药销售金额每年小幅度增长,阿司匹林、美洛昔康等用药频度较高,除部分特异性 COX-2抑制剂外,各类常用非甾体抗炎药日均费用较低但部分药物的药物利用度不高。结论:具有选择性的非甾体抗炎药成为新的用药趋势,提高非甾体抗炎药的利用度是今后医院改革的工作重点。 相似文献
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非甾体类抗炎药(nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,NSAIDs)具有良好的抗炎、镇痛效果,在临床上得以广泛应用.然而长期应用此类药物易引起严重的副作用.提高对NSAIDs耐受的研究方法不断得以改进,目前,发现新的具有靶点选择性的NSAIDs成为了研发的热点.本文针对非甾体类抗炎药的分类及研发技术的发展历程进行综述,并对其研发技术的应用进行了展望. 相似文献
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综述环氧化酶-2选择性抑制剂的分子基础及其构效关系。甾体抗炎药的有效治疗作用源于对环氧化酶-2的抑制作用,其副作用则是由于对环氧化酶-1的抑制作用所致,因此寻找高效环氧化酶-2选择性抑制剂成为甾体抗炎药的研究热点。 相似文献
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Helenie Kefalakes Theodoros J. Stylianides George Amanakis George Kolios 《European journal of clinical pharmacology》2009,65(10):963-970
Background
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), conventional and selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors, are among the most widely used medications for the treatment of various inflammatory conditions. There is strong evidence of a possible association between the use of these drugs and the relapse of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). 相似文献13.
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非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs)是一类广泛用于抗炎、解热、镇痛的药物,但由于胃肠道毒副作用和肾毒性使它的应用受到很大限制。因此研制出能降低传统NSAIDs副作用且具良好活性的新型NSAIDs成为这类药物发展的主要方向,如选择性环氧化酶-2(COX-2)抑制剂、一氧化氮释放型NSAIDs、环氧化酶/脂氧合酶(COX/LOX)双重抑制剂、脂蛋白磷脂酶A2(LP-PLA2)抑制剂、前列腺素E2合成酶-1(mPGES-1)抑制剂以及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)抑制剂等。本文从这几个方面对NSAIDs最新研究进行了简要介绍。 相似文献
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Moore Nicholas Bosco-Levy Pauline Thurin Nicolas Blin Patrick Droz-Perroteau Cécile 《Drug safety》2021,44(9):929-938
Drug Safety - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been discouraged for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, fearing that they... 相似文献
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Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, NSAIDs, were encapsulated with cationic and anionic Eudragit polymers. The properties of the microcapsules were studied. The interactions, if any, between the polymers and NSAIDs were also investigated. 相似文献
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Akarca US 《Current pharmaceutical design》2005,11(14):1779-1793
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most commonly prescribed group of drugs. Patients receiving NSAIDs often experience abdominal discomfort, and some of them develop serious gastrointestinal complications, such as ulceration, bleeding, perforation, or obstruction. Gastrointestinal side effects of NSAIDs are mostly attributed to cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition resulting in reduction of prostaglandin in gastric mucosa. Topical irritant effects are also contributed to their systemic effect of prostaglandin inhibition. Anti-inflammatory effects of NSAIDs are mediated by COX-2 inhibition, while COX-1 inhibition is responsible for gastric prostaglandin inhibition. Management of gastrointestinal complications of NSAIDs is costly. In order to prevent or treat the gastrointestinal complications of NSAIDs, anti-ulcer drugs can be used concomitantly. Other alternative is the application or substitution of COX-2 selective inhibitors, which spare gastric mucosal prostaglandin synthesis and do not damage the gastric mucosa. Application of COX-2 selective inhibitors as a first line treatment for arthritic disorders may not be cost-effective, if patients do not have any risk factors including advanced age, history of complicating peptic ulcer, concomitant anticoagulant and corticosteroid medication. Patients with risk factors or those developing gastrointestinal complications during the course of NSAID treatment can be treated with COX-2 selective inhibitors if necessary. 相似文献
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Harris RC 《Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology》2006,47(Z1):S37-S42
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used for the treatment of pain and inflammation. Nonselective NSAIDs inhibit both cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2. Nephrotoxicity of nonselective NSAIDs has been well documented. The effects of selective COX-2 inhibitors on renal function and blood pressure are attracting increasing attention. In the kidney, COX-2 is constitutively expressed and is highly regulated in response to alterations in intravascular volume. COX-2 metabolites have been implicated in the mediation of renin release, regulation of sodium excretion, and maintenance of renal blood flow. Similar to nonselective NSAIDs, inhibition of COX-2 may cause edema and modest elevations in blood pressure in a minority of subjects. COX-2 inhibitors may also exacerbate preexisting hypertension or interfere with other antihypertensive drugs. Occasional acute renal failure has also been reported. Caution should be taken when COX-2 inhibitors are prescribed, especially in high-risk patients (including elderly patients and patients with volume depletion). 相似文献