经支气管针吸活检在肺部及纵隔病变中的应用

<正>纤支镜的临床应用对于肺部病变的诊断有了很大提高,但对于肺周病变、支气管黏膜下病变、支气管腔外病变、纵隔病变,通过一般的钳检、刷检、灌洗也很难确诊。国外于20世纪80年代提出经纤支镜针吸活检术,拓展了纤支镜的诊断领域,2010年月10月至2011年8月作者对47例     

气管镜活检并刷片结合经支气管针吸活检在肺癌诊断中的作用

目的探讨气管镜活检并刷片结合经支气管针吸活检联合病理取材对肺癌的诊断价值。方法在常规气管镜检查过程中，对CT检查提示肺部病变同时有纵隔及肺门淋巴结肿大的20例患者。在常规气管镜活检并刷片的基础上，并对纵隔淋巴结肿大予以经支气管针吸活检术（transbronchial needle aspiration，TBNA）。对所获标本进行细胞学及组织学切片检查。结果20例患者中，17例获得明确的组织学诊断，钳检、刷检、TBNA术的阳性率分别为60％、50％和50％，三者联合病理取材的阳性率为85％，其中有5例活检并刷片未能明确诊断，TBNA术明确诊断，使气管镜检查诊断的阳性率由60％上升至85％。所有患者均无明显的并发症。结论TBNA术操作方便、安全，联合病理取材可提高肺癌的病理学诊断率。     

经支气管镜针吸术对肺癌的诊断探讨

目的 :探讨经纤支镜针吸术对肺癌的诊断价值。方法 :2 7例拟诊肺癌病人采用经纤支镜针吸术、钳检、刷检、冲洗。结果 :2 7例中确诊为肺癌 2 3例 ,总阳性率为 85 .19% ,经针吸、钳检、刷检阳性率分别为 5 2 .17% ,5 6 .5 2 % ,6 0 .87%。三种检查方法经统计学处理无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。冲洗阳性率为 34.78% ,与前三者检查相比有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。提示针吸、钳检、刷检阳性率相似 ,但明显高于冲洗阳性率。结论 :经纤支镜针吸是一项安全可靠的检查方法 ,副作用少 ,配合钳检、刷检、冲洗可提高肺癌的诊断率 ,可作为纤支镜诊断肺癌的常规检查方法     

经纤维支气管镜行纵隔非肿大淋巴结穿刺活检临床研究

目的探讨经纤维支气管镜(纤支镜)针吸活检术(TBNA)对纵隔非肿大淋巴结穿刺活检的价值。方法对137例肺癌患者X线体层、CT、MRI提示纵隔淋巴结不肿大者经纤支镜行TBNA检查。结果该方法准确性为96．4％，对肺癌纵隔非肿大淋巴结的转移诊断率为24．1％，其中跳跃式淋巴结转移率为13.2％。结论该方法能够明确肺癌纵隔非肿大淋巴结的性质，对肺癌术前诊断分期、术中确定纵隔淋巴结清除范围及估计预后均具有重要意义。是一种结果准确、操作方便、安全的临床实用方法。     

纤维支气管镜活检、刷检联合术后痰液脱落细胞学检查诊断肺癌169例分析

目的：探讨纤维支气管镜活检、刷检联合术后痰液脱落细胞学检查对肺癌诊断的价值。方法：对169例肺癌患者的检查结果进行分析。疑是肺癌的患者纤维支气管镜（纤支镜）常规操作，行纤支镜活检、刷检，未发现病变者在影像所示病变部位行纤支镜盲刷，纤支镜检查后0．5h内留取痰一次。结果：69例肺癌中，纤支镜活检阳性者142例；刷检阳性者102例；术后痰液查脱落细胞阳性109例。结论：应用纤支镜活检、刷检联合术后痰液脱落细胞学检查等多种手段，可提高肺癌诊断率。     

经支气管针吸术对管壁浸润型肺癌的诊断价值

近2年来，作者对向管壁外及周围肺组织浸润的32例拟诊肺癌患者采用支气管针刺吸引活检（TBNA），并与局部活检、刷检作病理学和细胞学检查进行对照，以观察针吸术及综合检查对管壁浸润型肺癌的诊断价值。1资料与方法32例患者中男26例，女6例，年龄42～77岁，X线胸片和／或肺部CT检查拟诊肺癌，纤支镜检查，支气管壁内未见确切肿物，仅见管壁粘膜增厚或隆起和管腔外压狭窄。常规纤支镜操作，于上述局部管壁隆起或粘膜增厚处并对照胸部CT、胸部平片，判断淋巴结肿大位置，用日本OlymPusNA－Ic／Zc纤支镜专用吸引活检针经纤支镜送入，待…     

经支气管针吸术在肺癌诊断中的临床探讨

目的 探讨经支气管针吸术在肺癌诊断中的临床价值。方法 通过对56例拟诊为肺癌而纤维支气管镜表现粘膜浸润为主和支气管腔外病变进行支气管针吸引术（TBNA）细胞学检查，并以活检、刷检和冲洗进行对照。结果 TBNA、活检和刷检的诊断阳性率分别为71.4%、67.8%、64.3%（三者间无显著性差异），而冲洗的诊断阳性率仅为35.7%，另外，TVNA对纵隔肺门肿大的淋巴结诊断的阳性率为63.6%，管腔外压性肿块2/4阳性。结论 TBNA是一种阳性率高，操作简便的诊断技术，特别是纵隔肺门肿大的淋巴结和管腔外压性肿块有特殊的价值，可推广应用于临床。     

纤维支气管镜下针吸活检对肺癌的诊断价值

目的:探讨经纤维支气管镜(纤支镜)针吸活检在肺癌诊断中的价值.方法:对64例疑诊肺癌患者行纤支镜检查,在钳夹活检(钳检)、毛刷涂片(刷检)常规方法外,对镜下新生物加用针吸活检,对比各种检查方法阳性率.结果:64例经纤支镜TBNA、钳检、刷检均确诊为肺癌.其中鳞癌25例,腺癌20例,小细胞未分化癌14例,未分型5例.针吸活检阳性率为81.3%,钳取活检阳性率为75.0%,毛刷涂片48.4%,若3种方法联合检测诊断率为100%.结论:纤支镜针吸活检具有安全可靠、简单易行、阳性率高、并发症少等优点,对钳取活检困难的肺癌具有肯定的诊断价值.     

经支气管针吸活检在周围型肺癌诊断中的价值

目的 探讨经支气管针吸活检(TBNA)在周围型肺癌诊断中的价值.方法 对42例经外科术后证实的周围型肺癌患者,根据CT提示的病灶和支气管的关系及与支气管开口的距离,通过纤支镜将穿刺针进入病灶可能属于的段或亚段,并按估计的距离穿入病灶,在负压下,抽取组织进行病理学检查.结果 通过TBNA获得诊断的患者有28例,诊断敏感性为66.7%,其中钳检和刷检同时阳性的患者有19例,诊断敏感性为45.2%,仅有TBNA阳性的患者9例,与常规的钳检和刷检相比,TBNA将诊断敏感性由45.2%提高到66.7%,增加21.4%,且纤支镜下无可视肿瘤,无气胸、大出血等并发症.结论 TBNA对周围型肺癌的诊断是有效的、安全的.     

经支气管针吸术对管壁浸润型肺癌的诊断价值

目的探讨支气管针吸术对管壁浸润型肺癌的诊所价值及安全性。方法48例纤维支气管镜下未见具体肿物仅见管腔受外压，局部管壁黏膜隆起，诊断考虑管壁浸润型肿癌，采用经支气管针吸术细胞学检查，并同时行活检及刷检进行对照。结果通过病理组织学或细胞学明确诊断为肺癌38例，总阳性率79％。针吸阳性率63％，活检阳性率54％，刷检阳性率29％。结论针吸术对管壁浸润型肺癌有较高的诊断价值。三项综合检查提高了对管壁浸润型肺癌的诊断率。48例除仅有部分穿刺部位极少量出血外，无其他并发症。     

MSCT引导TBNA联合LCT技术在诊断纵隔淋巴结肿大中的应用研究

目的探讨胸部CT影像学(MSCT)引导经支气管针吸活检术(TBNA)联合液基细胞学(LCT)技术在诊断纵隔淋巴结肿大中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2011年8月～2015年4月间在宝鸡市中心医院224例行胸部CT检查发现纵隔淋巴结肿大病例,均行TBNA检查,总结穿刺结果,评价该技术的诊断价值和安全性。结果①224例患者经TBNA检查7个部位共394组淋巴结,TBNA穿刺成功788针(96.10%)。②190例恶性肿瘤患者中,TBNA结果阳性180例(94.74%),其中64例患者TBNA结果是惟一病理学依据。③44例TBNA阴性患者中,除12例经过TBNA确诊为结节病外,其余经开胸手术确诊,2例为淋巴瘤,8例为纵隔淋巴结转移癌,22例阴性。在纵隔淋巴结肿大诊断中敏感度、特异度和准确度分别为94.76%,100%和95.54%。④64例患者行肺癌根治术,以术后淋巴结病理结果为参考,TBNA判断肺癌纵隔淋巴结分期诊断的敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别是96.05%,100%,96.51%,100%,76.92%。⑤小细胞肺癌TBNA的阳性率高于非小细胞肺癌,差异有统计学意义(χ2值为10.24,P＜0.01)。直径≥3　cm淋巴结TBNA的阳性率稍高于＜3 cm淋巴结,差异无统计学意义(χ2值为1.72,P＞0.05)。结论MSCT引导TBNA联合LCT技术在诊断纵隔淋巴结肿大中敏感度、准确度等均大大提高,且安全易行,值得基层医院临床推广应用。     

Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in routine care - plenty of benign results and follow-up tests

Background: Endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA) is a widespread technique for tissue sampling from hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes (LN). The diagnostic yield of this method is reported to be very high even outside clinical trials. We aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of EBUS‐TBNA after its implementation at a University hospital. Methods: We analysed the first 100 consecutive patients who underwent an EBUS‐TBNA procedure at our institution with respect to indication and cytological results. Sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated on the basis of histological confirmation or follow‐up. Results: From 03/2007 to 03/2008, EBUS‐TBNA of 218 LNs was performed on the basis of chest computed tomography. The primary indication for EBUS‐TBNA was lymphadenopathy of unknown cause with (44%) or without (37%) pulmonary nodule(s). Only 19% of patients had known cancer and underwent the procedure for (re‐)staging. In 73% of patients a non‐diagnostic cytology was reported. A diagnosis could be established in only 27% by EBUS‐TBNA including four patients with sarcoidosis. Sensitivity and NPV were low with 61.4% and 76.7%, respectively. Diagnostic yield increased over time and was better in cancer patients than in patients with incidental lymphadenopathy. Conclusion: Although EBUS‐TBNA is reported to have a very high diagnostic yield in selected patients, the predominant finding in routine care, depending on the patient population, can be a non‐diagnostic cytology result with the need for surgical procedures or follow‐up studies. This should be considered in the approach to patients with mediastinal or hilar lymphadenopathy.     

经气管镜超声引导针吸活检与支气管镜针吸活检技术在纵隔及肺门占位性疾病诊断中的应用和比较

目的评价经气管镜超声引导针吸活检(EBUS-TBNA)与常规经支气管镜针吸活检(C-TBNA)在纵隔及肺门占位性疾病诊断中的价值。方法收集2010年-2016年新医大一附院纵隔、肺门占位性疾病患者301例,其中行C-TBNA检查者183例,行EBUS-TBNA检查者118例,比较两种方法穿刺阳性率及并发症情况,探究EBUS-TBNA技术的价值及优势所在。结果 (1)EBUS-TBNA患者的中央区组淋巴结(2R、4L、4R、7)活检阳性率高于周围区组淋巴结(10R、10L、11R、11L)(P0.05),EBUS-TBNA于2R、4R、7组淋巴结活检阳性率高于C-TBNA组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);(2)EBUS-TBNA于4R和7组淋巴结穿刺的一针阳性率明显高于C-TBNA组(P0.05),三针累计阳性率基本接近该穿刺部位总体阳性率(P0.05),可获得较满意穿刺效果;(3)EBUS-TBNA组诊断技术的准确度及敏感度优于C-TBNA组(P0.05),尤其对纵隔、肺门良性疾病的检出率高于C-TBNA组(P0.05);(4)两组患者并发症的发生率无明显差异(P0.05)。结论 EBUS-TBNA对不明原因纵隔、肺门占位或气管、支气管腔外病变的诊断具有重要价值,是一种安全、有效的操作技术。     

Transbronchial needle aspiration in the practice of bronchoscopy

We reviewed the records of all patients who underwent bronchoscopy with a flexible fiberoptic instrument and transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) at our institution between August 1983 and December 1985. During 85 bronchoscopy sessions, 89 TBNAs were performed in 84 patients. Seventy-three aspirates were obtained from 68 patients who were eventually proved to have a malignant lesion. Of these 68 patients, 25 had positive results of TBNA (37%). Of these 25 patients, 15 had non-small-cell cancers (11 bronchogenic and 4 metastatic from extrapulmonary sites), and 10 had small-cell carcinomas. In patients with a malignant lesion, 23% of the central aspirates (from paratracheal regions or within 2 cm of the carina) and 65% of the distal aspirates (beyond 2 cm from the carina) were positive (a total yield of 34%). Five of the distal aspirates were obtained from peripheral lesions under fluoroscopic guidance, and three were positive for a malignant process. In eight patients, the only malignant finding at bronchoscopy was the aspirate. Two of the eight patients had carcinoma metastatic to the lung, three had small-cell carcinoma, and the other three had bronchogenic carcinoma. In five patients, TBNA obviated more invasive diagnostic measures. We find TBNA to be useful in selected patients. It increases our diagnostic yield for small-cell carcinoma and carcinoma metastatic to the chest. TBNA should be considered when a submucosal process is present, extrinsic compression is evident, or an accessible extrabronchial mass is found radiographically.     

经纤维支气管镜针吸活检术在纵隔病变中的诊断价值

目的探讨经纤维支气管镜针吸活检(TBNA)对纵隔病变的诊断价值。方法对201例肺CT检查显示气管、支气管旁纵隔病变的患者进行气管镜针吸活检。结果TBNA诊断阳性率为61.19%(123/201),恶性肿瘤的诊断符合率79.71%(110/138),良性病变诊断符合率23.21%(13/56)。主要并发症为穿刺点少许出血,占64.18%(129/201)。结论经纤维支气管镜针吸活检术是诊断气管旁纵隔病变安全、有效的方法。     

经支气管针吸活检术对肺部疾病的诊断价值

目的探讨经支气管针吸活检术(TBNA)对纵隔及肺门病灶、支气管黏膜下病灶的诊断价值。方法采用TBNA技术对59例伴有纵隔及肺门病灶、支气管黏膜下病灶的患者进行检查,观察其诊断的阳性率及安全性。结果 59例接受TB-NA的患者,共计穿刺89次,穿刺成功68次,穿刺成功率76.4%,确诊肺癌纵隔淋巴结转移26例,黏膜下腺癌1例,淋巴结结核5例,纵隔囊肿1例,纵隔淋巴结增生性炎症1例。结论 TBNA弥补了常规纤支镜检查的不足,对纵隔、肺门及支气管黏膜下病灶的诊断具有重要的应用价值,且TBNA安全性高,操作方便,费用低,值得临床推广应用。     

The role of transbronchial needle aspiration in the diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma

BACKGROUND: For many years in the United States transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) has been used with flexible bronchoscopy to diagnosis bronchogenic carcinoma, but very few data are available from the United Kingdom. METHODS: All bronchoscopies performed for suspected bronchial carcinoma at Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom, over the last 3 years were reviewed retrospectively. Patients with peribronchial disease, as evidenced by submucosal infiltration or extrinsic compression on bronchoscopy, were selected for TBNA. Patients with computed tomography evidence of subcarinal lymphadenopathy were also included. In total we identified 78 patients: 67 with peribronchial disease and 21 with subcarinal lymphadenopathy. All 78 patients underwent TBNA, and in 8 of these TBNA was performed in 2 sites. RESULTS: Malignancy was confirmed in 66 of the 78 patients. TBNA was positive in 31/66 (47%) of the patients who had proven bronchogenic carcinoma. Additional staging information was obtained in 9/21 patients (42.8%) who underwent subcarinal lymph node aspiration. We also found that TBNA was diagnostic in 1 patient with tuberculosis and 1 with sarcoidosis. There was only 1 important TBNA complication, which was a small pneumothorax. CONCLUSION: In our preliminary experience with selected patients suspected to have bronchogenic carcinoma (based on peribronchial disease or subcarinal lymphadenopathy), we found TBNA a safe and useful tool.     

经支气管镜针吸活检术在肺门纵隔淋巴结核诊断中的作用

目的肺门纵隔淋巴结肿大而无肺部病灶的患者明确诊断常极为困难,该研究总结经气管镜针吸活检术(TBNA)在结核引起的孤立性肺门纵隔淋巴结肿大病变诊断中的作用。方法对行TBNA检查患者并最终诊断为结核性肺门纵隔淋巴结炎(TBLA)的患者进行回顾性分析。所有患者均进行临床评估和增强CT扫描,记录患者一般资料、病理结果和病原微生物学结果。结果纳入44例患者,其中TBNA诊断为TBLA者42例(95.4%),2例通过其他方法确诊,仅根据细胞病理学结果有32例(72.7%)诊断为结核,其中1例(2.2%)痰涂片阳性,而结核菌培养显示22例(50.0%)培养阳性,经细胞病理学评价不能确诊的12例患者中10例结核培养阳性。细胞病理学检查联合结核分枝杆菌培养诊断率从72.7%提高到95.4%。结论 TBNA是一种诊断TBLA安全高效的一线方法。细胞病理学检查联合结核分枝杆菌培养提高了TBNA的阳性率。     

经支气管针吸活检对肺癌的诊断价值

该文对５５例颖为支气管肺癌的肺部病变行纤维支气管镜检查。无可视肿瘤表现者采用经支气管针吸活检术（简称ＴＢＮＡ）检查，并与刷检及术后病理组织细胞学结果进行比较，结果证明５５例病人中ＴＢＮＡ与刷检的正确诊断率分别为９２．７％（５１／５５）和５０．９％（２８／５５）；其中肺癌４１例ＴＢＮＡ和刷检正确诊断率分别为９０．２％（３７／４１）和３４．１％（１４／４１）；ＴＢＮＡ检查明显优于刷检（Ｐ〈０．０１）。     

经支气管针吸活检术临床应用的学习曲线

目的针对已熟练掌握支气管镜操作技能的呼吸内科医师,通过评估经支气管针吸活检术(TBNA)的穿刺时间和穿刺阳性率,探讨TBNA的学习曲线规律。方法选取2013年5月-2014年8月在该院支气管镜室最初连续开展的60例行TBNA检查患者的病例资料。按TBNA操作先后顺序依次分为4组(A、B、C和D),每组15例设为一操作学习阶段,每例均由同一位医师操作完成TBNA检查。比较各阶段的平均穿刺时间、穿刺阳性率及穿刺并发症。结果各组病例在性别、年龄等方面差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。A组(15.2±2.0)min和B组(14.7±2.2)min穿刺时间均长于C组(8.3±1.6)min和D组(7.6±1.3)min,且差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但A组和B组之间及C组和D组之间穿刺时间差异无统计学意义(P0.05);A组(26.7%)和B组(33.3%)穿刺阳性率均低于C组(80.0%)和D组(80.0%),且差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但A组和B组之间及C组和D组之间穿刺阳性率差异无统计学意义(P0.05);各组穿刺误入血管,穿刺后引起的穿刺点黏膜出血、气胸、纵隔血肿、纵隔出血及纵隔感染等并发症均无明显差异。结论对已熟练掌握支气管镜操作技能的呼吸内科医师,经支气管针吸活检术的学习曲线大约为30例。