以天冬氨酸和丙氨酸为起始原料合成2-甲基-3-羟基吡啶

目的 获得2-甲基-3-羟基吡啶合成方法,降低2-甲基-3-羟基吡啶的合成成本,为常山酮等药物的合成提供了廉价原料。方法 分别以天冬氨酸和丙氨酸为起始原料,经过噁唑中间体,利用Diels-Alder反应,最后脱羧获得2-甲基-3-羟基吡啶,总收率7.4%和30.3%。结果 提供了1种合成2-甲基-3-羟基吡啶的方法,丙氨酸为原料的方法更适合工业化生产,且合成方法简单、原料价格低廉,极大降低了2-甲基-3-羟基吡啶的合成成本,为常山酮等药物的合成提供了廉价原料。     

2-吡啶甲醛的制备

2-吡啶甲醛（1）为常用合成中间体,其制备方法较多,大多以2-甲基吡啶为原料。本研究以2-氰基吡啶（2）为原料,常压下在硫酸水溶液中钯炭催化加氢制得1（图1）,并考察了硫酸浓度及用量、投料比、反应温度和时间、催化剂用量等因素对收率的影响：15％硫酸用量为2的20倍（质量比），催化剂用量为2的7％，于60℃反应16h，1总收率可达92％。此法操作简单，收率高且对环境污染小。     

卢帕他定中间体5-甲基吡啶-3-羧酸的合成工艺改进

目的:改进5-甲基吡啶-3-羧酸的合成工艺。方法:以3,5-二甲基吡啶为原料,经KMnO4氧化得卢帕他定中间体5-甲基吡啶-3-羧酸,经正交试验,优化工艺。结果:得出较佳的工艺条件,提高了产率,收率可达51％。结论:该方法易于工业化生产。     

8-氯-10,11-二氢-4-氮杂-5H-二苯并[a,d]-5-环庚酮的合成新方法

以2-氰基一3一甲基吡啶为原料，通过自由基反应、Wittig-Homer反应、水解、还原、环化反应合成氯雷他定的重要中间体8-氯-10，11-二氢-4-氮杂-5H-二苯并[a，d]-5-环庚酮，总收率为20％。其结构经元素分析、核磁共振、质谱确证。     

2-氨基-6-氯吡啶的制备

2-氨基-6-氯吡啶（1）是常用医药中间体，合成方法主要有以下几种：（1）2-氯吡啶-N-氧化物与4-氯-2,2-二甲基-2H-1，3-苯并噫嗪反应制得，但原料不易得；（2）2-氯吡啶在铜粉催化下与氨水反应制得2-氨基吡啶，再经氯代制得，但反应须高温高压，操作困难；（3）2-肼基-6-氯吡啶（3）在雷尼镍催化下，用100％水合肼还原制得，收率81%，高纯度水合肼不易得，易爆炸，且毒性大，     

5-甲氧基-1H-吡咯并[3,2-b]吡啶-2-甲酸的合成

目的制备5-甲氧基-1H-吡咯并[3,2-b]吡啶-2-甲酸。方法以2-甲基-6-氯-3-硝基吡啶为原料,经Williamson合成法制得2-甲基-6-甲氧基-3-硝基吡啶,再经Reissert合成法制得终产物。结果反应总收率33%,产物结构由1H-NMR光谱确证。结论该方法简单、原料价廉易得,后处理容易,副产物较少,适于工业化生产。     

水合肼还原制备3-氨基-2-[(2'-氰基联苯-4-基)甲基]氨基-苯甲酸乙酯的工艺研究

目的研究3-氨基-2-[(2’-氰基联苯-4-基)甲基]氨基-苯甲酸乙酯的最优合成工艺。方法以2-[(2’-氰基联苯-4-基)-甲基]氨基-3-硝基苯甲酸乙酯为原料,水合肼为还原剂,Pb/C为催化剂,还原制得。结果原料与还原剂的最佳物质的量比为1.92:1,催化剂Pd/C为1.2g,反应温度为75℃,反应时间2h的最优条件下,收率为92.0%。结论本合成工艺稳定,条件温和,产率高,适合3-氨基-2-[(2’-氰基联苯-4-基)甲基]氨基-苯甲酸乙酯的工业化生产。     

2-氯甲基-3，4-二甲氧基吡啶盐酸盐的制备

2-氯甲基 - 3,4-二甲氧基吡啶盐酸盐 (1 )是制备质子泵抑制剂泮托拉唑的重要中间体。文献 [1,2 ]以3-羟基 - 2 -甲基吡啶为起始原料 ,经氧化、硝化、醚化制得 6,再经乙酸化、水解、氯化制得 1。文献 [3] 报道以 3-甲氧基 - 2 -甲基 - 4-吡啶酮 (3)为起始原料 ,经氯化、氧化、醚化制得 6再制得 1。由于 3-羟基 - 2 -甲基吡啶没有国产品 ,而以国产麦芽酚 (2 -甲基 - 3-羟基 -γ-吡喃酮 ,2 )通过两步反应可制得 3。因此 ,参照文献[1～ 3] ,并对其工艺进行改进 ,制备了 1。文献[4 ] 报道3的制备是在 Ag2 O存在以下以 CH3I醚化 ,本文改用硫酸二…     

米力农的合成新工艺

本研究报道了米力农(1)的合成新工艺。以4-甲基吡啶(2)为起始原料,与乙酰氯反应后,经乙酸酐处理制得关键中间体1-乙酰基-4-(乙酰基亚甲基)-1,4-二氢吡啶(3),α-氰基乙酰胺(4)与原甲酸三乙酯反应合成2-氰基-3-乙氧基丙烯酰胺(5),最后3与5环合制得目标产品1,纯度99.96%,收率74%(以2计)。其中由3和5制备1的方法未见文献报道,本工艺已经过中试验证,适合工业化生产。     

2-氯甲基-4-甲氧基-3,5-二甲基吡啶盐酸盐的制备

以2,3,5-三甲基吡啶经N-氧化、硝化、甲氧基取代、乙酰化、水解、卤代及成盐等反应制得奥美拉唑中间体2-氯甲基-4-甲氧基-3,5-二甲基吡啶盐酸盐,总收率63.6%.原料易得,反应条件温和,操作简便.     

2-Amino-4-methylpyridine as a potent inhibitor of inducible NO synthase activity in vitro and in vivo.

1. The ability of 2-amino-4-methylpyridine to inhibit the catalytic activity of the inducible NO synthase (NOS II) enzyme was characterized in vitro and in vivo. 2. In vitro, 2-amino-4-methylpyridine inhibited NOS II activity derived from mouse RAW 264.7 cells with an IC50 of 6 nM. Enzyme kinetic studies indicated that inhibition is competitive with respect to arginine. 2-Amino-4-methylpyridine was less potent on human recombinant NOS II (IC50 = 40 nM) and was still less potent on human recombinant NOS I and NOS III (IC50 = 100 nM). NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), N6-iminoethyl-L-lysine (L-NIL) and aminoguanidine were much weaker inhibitors of murine NOS II than 2-amino-4-methylpyridine but, unlike 2-amino-4-methylpyridine, retained similar activity on human recombinant NOS II. L-NMMA inhibited all three NOS isoforms with similar potency (IC50S 3-7 microM). In contrast, compared to activity on human recombinant NOS III, L-NIL displayed 10 x selectivity for murine NOS II and 11 x selectivity for human recombinant NOS II while aminoguanidine displayed 7.3 x selectivity for murine NOS II and 3.7 x selectivity for human recombinant NOS II. 3. Mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages produced high levels of nitrite when cultured overnight in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-gamma. Addition of 2-amino-4-methylpyridine at the same time as the LPS and IFN-gamma, dose-dependently reduced the levels of nitrite (IC50 = 1.5 microM) without affecting the induction of NOS II protein. Increasing the extracellular concentration of arginine decreased the potency of 2-amino-4-methylpyridine but at concentrations up to 10 microM, 2-amino-4-methylpyridine did not inhibit the uptake of [3H]-arginine into the cell. Addition of 2-amino-4-methylpyridine after the enzyme was induced also dose-dependently inhibited nitrite production. Together, these data suggest that 2-amino-4-methylpyridine reduces cellular production of NO by competitive inhibition of the catalytic activity of NOS II, in agreement with results obtained from in vitro enzyme kinetic studies. 4. When infused i.v. in conscious unrestrained rats, 2-amino-4-methylpyridine inhibited the rise in plasma nitrate produced in response to intraperitoneal injection of LPS (ID50 = 0.009 mg kg-1 min-1). Larger doses of 2-amino-4-methylpyridine were required to raise mean arterial pressure in untreated conscious rats (ED50 = 0.060 mg kg-1 min-1) indicating 6.9 x selectivity for NOS II over NOS III in vivo. Under the same conditions, L-NMMA was nonselective while L-NIL and aminoguanidine displayed 5.2 x and 8.6 x selectivity respectively. All of these compounds caused significant increases in mean arterial pressure at doses above the ID50 for inhibition of NOS II activity in vivo. 5. 2-Amino-4-methylpyridine also inhibited LPS-induced elevation in plasma nitrate after either subcutaneous (ID50 = 0.3 mg kg-1) or oral (ID50 = 20.8 mg kg-1) administration. 6. These data indicate that 2-amino-4-methylpyridine is a potent inhibitor of NOS II activity in vitro and in vivo with a similar degree of isozyme selectivity to that of L-NIL and aminoguanidine in rodents.     

The effect of various potential inhibitors, activators and inducers on the N-oxidation of 3-substituted pyridines in vitro.

1. The N-oxidation of pyridine, 3-methylpyridine and 3-chloropyridine was inhibited by SKF525A and DPEA. The C-oxidation of 3-methylpyridine was also inhibited by these compounds. 2. The N-oxidation of these pyridines was also inhibited by various other nitrogenous substrates including n-octylamine. 3. Incubation in an atmosphere of carbon monoxide resulted in inhibition of both C- and N-oxidation of 3-methylpyridine. 4. Any treatment of microsomes which resulted in a reduction of cytochrome P-450 also produced a concomitant fall in N-oxidation of the pyridines. 5. Pretreatment of animals with phenobarbitone resulted in an increase in the N-oxidation of the pyridines. Pretreatment with 3-methylcholanthrene had no appreciable effect on the N-oxidation of the pyridines in vitro.     

6-甲基吡啶-3-甲醛的合成

5-乙基-2-甲基吡啶经选择性氧化、酯化、LiAlH4还原和PCC氧化等反应得到6-甲基吡啶-3-甲醛,总收率47%.     

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of 3-Phenyl-1-Methylquinolin-2-One Derivatives

Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal - A series of quaternary salts were obtained by reacting 3-(4-bromoacetylphenyl)-1-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one with Py, 4-methylpyridine, quinoline, benzo[f]quinoline,...     

奈韦拉平的合成

氰乙酰胺和乙酰乙酸乙酯经缩合环合、氯化、氰基水解、霍夫曼降解、催化氢解脱氯、选择性氯化制得2-氯-3-氨基-4-甲基吡啶，再与2-氯烟酰氯进行酰胺化反应、环丙胺亲核取代和闭环反应生成奈韦拉平，总产率39％。     

雷贝拉唑钠的合成

雷贝拉唑钠(rabeprazole sodium,1),化学名为2-[[[4-(3-甲氧基丙氧基)-3-甲基-2-吡啶基]-甲基]亚磺酰基]-1H-苯并咪唑钠盐,由日本卫材开发,1998年首次在日本上市,临床用于治疗十二指肠与胃溃疡、反流性食管炎等消化系统疾病.     

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of 4-(4-Acetylphenyl)-3-Hydroxy-2H-Chromen-2-One Derivatives

Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal - Reactions of 4-(4-bromoacetylphenyl)-3-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one with Py, 4-methylpyridine, quinoline, and benzo[f]quinoline produced quaternary salts; with...     

Synthesis, structure and tumour necrosis factor-alpha production-enhancing properties of novel adamantylamino heterocyclic derivatives

The synthesis of several adamantylated aminoheterocycles is reported. The attack of the adamantyl cation formed from 1-adamantanol in refluxing trifluoroacetic acid or induced by microwave irradiation provides adamantylamino-derivatives of respective heterocycles. Adamantylated heterocycles enhance the induction of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in genetically modified murine melanoma cells transduced with the gene for human TNF-alpha. Of the studied collection of adamantylated compounds, the most biologically active are 2-adamantylamino-6-methylpyridine and 2-adamantylamino4-methylpyrimidine. The crystal structure of 2-adamantylamino-6-methylpyridine is reported.     

氯雷他定的合成

2-氰基-3-甲基吡啶经Ritter反应、烷基化、氰化得到2-氰基-3-[2-（3-氯苯基）乙基]吡啶，在PPA／P2O5作用下闭环后和N-乙氧羰基-4-哌啶酮偶合制得氯雷他定，总收率39％。