HO-1减轻大鼠颈动脉球囊损伤后的内膜增生

目的 探讨血红素加氧酶-1（HO-1）能否减轻大鼠颈动脉球囊损伤后的内膜增生。方法 20只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常并注射生理盐水组、球囊损伤并注射生理盐水组,球囊损伤并注射氯化血红素组、球囊损伤并注射锌原卟啉组。建立大鼠颈动脉球囊损伤模型,14天后取各组大鼠的颈动脉。弹力蛋白染色并计算各组大鼠颈动脉的内膜面积与中膜面积的比值（i/m）。Western blot法检测各组大鼠颈动脉内HO-1、NF-κB、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的表达情况。结果 球囊损伤能够明显诱导大鼠颈动脉i/m值的增加（P<0.01）。球囊损伤并注射氯化血红素组的颈动脉i/m值明显低于球囊损伤并注射生理盐水组（P<0.01）。球囊损伤并注射锌原卟啉组的颈动脉i/m值明显高于球囊损伤并注射生理盐水组（P<0.01）。球囊损伤并注射生理盐水组颈动脉的NF-κB、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的表达明显高于正常并注射生理盐水组。球囊损伤并注射氯化血红素组NF-κB、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的表达明显低于球囊损伤并注射生理盐水组（P<0.05）。球囊损伤并注射锌原卟啉组NF-κB、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的表达明显高于球囊损伤并注射生理盐水组（P<0.01）。结论 球囊损伤能够诱导大鼠颈动脉的炎性反应及内膜增生,HO-1能够减轻大鼠颈动脉球囊损伤后的内膜增生。     

氧化苦参碱对感染性休克大鼠心肌组织细胞因子的影响

目的 探讨氧化苦参碱对感染性休克大鼠心肌组织核因子-κB（NF-κB）等细胞因子的影响。方法 采用大鼠盲肠结扎穿孔法制备大鼠感染性休克模型。造模后56只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组,氧化苦参碱对照组,模型组,氧化苦参碱高、中、低剂量（52、26、13 mg/kg）组、地塞米松阳性对照（10 mg/kg）组,各组给药1次。采用RT-PCR法测定心肌组织NF-κB（p65）mRNA的表达;Western blotting法测定心肌组织NF-κB（p65）及IκB-α的表达;放射免疫分析法测定心肌组织匀浆中肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）及白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）量的改变。结果 氧化苦参碱能显著抑制大鼠心肌组织NF-κB（p65）mRNA的表达及NF-κB（p65）和IkB-α的活性（P＜0.05）,降低心肌组织匀浆中TNF-α及IL-1β的量（P＜0.05）。结论 氧化苦参碱能通过抑制NF-κB（p65）mRNA的表达及诱导NF-κB激酶（NF-κB-inducing kinase,NIK）的活化,抑制细菌、病毒等对NF-κB的激活作用,减少TNF-α、IL-1β等促炎因子的表达,进而对感染性休克大鼠心肌损伤性病变发挥治疗作用。     

苓桂术甘汤对慢性心衰模型大鼠心肌组织TNF-α及血清NF-κB和IL-1β的影响

目的 观察苓桂术甘汤对慢性心力衰竭模型大鼠心肌组织肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）蛋白及mRNA表达、血清核因子-κB（NF-κB）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）水平的影响,探讨苓桂术甘汤防治慢性心衰的作用机制。方法 采用冠状动脉结扎法制备慢性心衰大鼠模型,造模4周后将模型大鼠随机分为模型组,卡托普利（4.375 mg/kg）阳性对照组,苓桂术甘汤低、中、高剂量（生药2.1、4.2、8.4 g/kg）组,另设假手术组,每天给药1次,连续给药4周。Western blotting、RT-PCR法分别检测各组大鼠心肌组织TNF-α蛋白及mRNA的表达,ELISA法检测血清中NF-κB、IL-1β水平。结果 与假手术组相比,模型组大鼠心肌组织TNF-α蛋白及mRNA表达增强,血清NF-κB、IL-1β水平显著升高（P＜0.01）;与模型组相比,苓桂术甘汤及卡托普利均能显著抑制模型大鼠心肌组织TNF-α蛋白及mRNA表达、降低模型大鼠血清NF-κB、IL-1β水平（P＜0.05、0.01）。结论 苓桂术甘汤干预慢性心衰的机制与其调节细胞因子网络有关。     

黄芪甲苷抑制IKK/NF-κB炎症通路减轻高糖诱导的H9c2心肌细胞损伤

[目的]观察黄芪甲苷减轻高糖诱导H9c2细胞损伤的作用机制。[方法]通过高糖孵育诱导H9c2心肌细胞损伤模型,MTT法测定细胞存活率,酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）法检测细胞培养液上清中肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和白细胞介素-6（IL-6）的含量,蛋白印迹（Western Blot）法检测细胞内IκB激酶β（IKK-β）、核转录因子κB（NF-κB）、p-NF-κB及TNF-α蛋白表达水平。[结果]给予高糖处理H9c2心肌细胞12 h能明显下调细胞存活率（P<0.05）;黄芪甲苷（20、40、80 μmol/L）预处理10 min可呈剂量依赖性增强细胞活力,降低细胞培养液上清中TNF-α和IL-6的含量（P<0.05）,下调IKK-β蛋白表达（P<0.05）,抑制NF-κB磷酸活化水平（P<0.05）,并降低TNF-α蛋白表达（P<0.05）。[结论]黄芪甲苷可通过抑制IKK/NF-κB炎症通路过度激活减轻高糖诱导的H9c2心肌细胞损伤。     

基于NF-κB通路探讨温经汤合琥珀散对寒凝血瘀型子宫内膜异位症大鼠的影响

[目的] 基于核转录因子-κB（NF-κB）通路及相关蛋白探讨温经汤合琥珀散对子宫内膜异位症（EMs）大鼠的影响。[方法] 将60只SPF级雌性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、孕三烯酮组与温经汤合琥珀散低、中、高剂量组,每组10只。除假手术组外,其余各组大鼠均采用冰水浴联合盐酸肾上腺素和自体内膜移植法建立寒凝血瘀证EMs大鼠模型,假手术组只开腹但不进行内膜移植。假手术组和模型组给予纯水;孕三烯酮组给予孕三烯酮（0.25mg/kg）每周灌胃2次（周一、周四）,灌胃4周;温经汤合琥珀散组分别给予低（9.69 g/kg）、中（19.38 g/kg）、高（38.75 g/kg）剂量的温经汤合琥珀散,连续灌胃4周。酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）法检测各组大鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）水平,检测各组大鼠的血液流变学、凝血功能。蛋白免疫印迹法检测各组大鼠子宫内膜组织中核转录因子-κB p65（NF-κB p65）、核转录因子-κB抑制蛋白α（IkBα）、核转录因子-κB激酶亚基β抑制因子（IKKβ）蛋白表达。[结果] 与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠血清TNF-α、IL-1β含量升高（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,血液流变学各项指标升高（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;凝血功能方面,模型组大鼠部分凝血活酶时间（TT）降低（P＜0.05）,纤维蛋白原（FIB）含量升高（P＜0.01）;蛋白免疫印迹法检测结果显示,NF-κB p65、IKKβ升高（P＜0.01）,IkBα表达降低（P＜0.05）。与模型组比较,温经汤合琥珀散部分剂量组大鼠血清TNF-α、IL-1β表达降低（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,温经汤合琥珀散部分剂量组及孕三烯酮组大鼠血液流变学各项指标降低（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;凝血功能方面,温经汤合琥珀散部分剂量组及孕三烯酮组大鼠TT升高（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,FIB降低（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;蛋白免疫印迹法检测结果显示,温经汤合琥珀散部分剂量组大鼠NF-κB p65表达降低（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,温经汤合琥珀散部分剂量组及孕三烯酮组大鼠IKKβ表达降低（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,温经汤合琥珀散部分剂量组及孕三烯酮组大鼠IkBα表达升高（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）。[结论] 温经汤合琥珀散可能通过阻断或抑制NF-κB信号通路活化及阻断异位组织增殖,从而缩小异位灶,调控EMs的发展,且可改善寒凝血瘀大鼠相关症状,疗效优于孕三烯酮。     

TLR4/NF-κB信号通路在肾缺血再灌注损伤中的作用机制

目的 探讨Toll样受体4/核因子-κB(Toll- like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB,TLR4/NF-κB)信号通路在肾缺血再灌注(renal ischemia-reperfusion,RIR)损伤中的作用机制。方法 96只健康SD大鼠随机分为4组,即假手术(Sham)组、模型(Model)组、Model+TAK242(TLR4抑制剂,10mg/kg)组和Model+LPS(TLR4激活剂,5mg/kg)组,每组24只。除Sham组外,其他组采用夹闭双侧肾动脉45min的方法复制RIR大鼠模型;造模前7天开始,各组分别1次/天腹腔注射给药。再灌注6h后,检测血清肾功能指标,HE染色法行肾组织病理学检查;透射电子显微镜观察肾小管上皮细胞超微结构改变;RT-PCR法检测肾组织TLR4、NF-κB p65mRNA表达;Western blot法检测肾组织TNF-α、IL-1β、TLR4、NF-κB p65mRNA和蛋白表达。结果 与Sham组比较,Model组血清BUN、SCr水平升高(P<0.05);肾组织可见肾小球体积增大、肾小管管腔扩张、炎性细胞浸润等病理学改变,病理评分升高(P<0.05);肾小管上皮细胞可见线粒体肿胀、膜破裂、嵴断裂,内质网扩张,核糖体减少等超微结构病变;肾组织TNF-α、IL-1β蛋白表达量升高,TLR4、NF-κB p65mRNA和蛋白表达量均升高(P<0.05)。与Model组比较,Model+TAK242组BUN、SCr水平降低(P<0.05),肾组织病变和肾小管上皮细胞超微结构改变均明显改善,TNF-α、IL-1β蛋白表达量降低,TLR4、NF-κB p65mRNA和蛋白表达量降低(P<0.05);Model+LPS组BUN、SCr水平升高(P<0.05),肾组织病变和肾小管上皮细胞超微结构改变均明显加重,TNF-α、IL-1β蛋白表达量升高,TLR4、NF-κB p65mRNA和蛋白表达量升高(P<0.05)。结论 TLR4/NF-κB信号通路可能通过调节炎性反应参与RIR损伤过程。     

Z-藁本内酯对人脐静脉内皮细胞保护作用及其机制研究

目的 通过观察Z-藁本内酯对肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVEC）细胞间黏附分子-1（ICAM-1）、血管细胞黏附分子-1（VCAM-1）及核因子-κB（NF-κB）表达的影响,探讨其对炎性因子损伤内皮细胞的保护作用及其机制。方法 向体外培养的HUVEC中加入TNF-α 10 ng/mL造成细胞损伤,同时加入不同浓度（5、10、20 μmol/L）的Z-藁本内酯,共同孵育24 h,MTT法检测各组细胞活力,ELISA法测定细胞培养液中ICAM-1和VCAM-1的量,Western blotting法检测各组细胞NF-κB蛋白表达。结果 与对照组比较,TNF-α可造成HUVEC明显损伤（P＜0.05、0.01）,显著增加HUVEC中ICAM-1和VCAM-1的表达（P＜0.01）。与模型组比较,Z-藁本内酯可以剂量相关地降低ICAM-1（P＜0.01）和VCAM-1（P＜0.05）的表达,显著减少细胞NF-κB蛋白的表达（P＜0.05）。结论 Z-藁本内酯可减轻TNF-α对HUVEC的损伤,其作用机制可能与通过抑制NF-κB的激活,进而减少ICAM-1和VCAM-1的表达有关。     

FGF21对非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠肝细胞TLR4/p38MAPK通路的影响

目的 探讨成纤维细胞生长因子21（FGF21）对谷氨酸钠（MSG）诱导非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠肝细胞炎症及TLR4/p38MAPK信号通路的影响。方法 新生SD大鼠随机分成正常对照组、MSG组和FGF21组（n=10）。MSG组和FGF21组大鼠于生后第2、4、6、8、10天皮下注射MSG 4g/（kg·d）喂养至13周,FGF21组大鼠腹腔注射FGF21 1mg/（kg·d）32天。HE染色分析肝脏病理学改变;观察肝重、肝功能;qRT-PCR和Western blot法检测肝组织IL-6、TNF-α、TLR4、p38MAPK表达情况。结果 与正常对照组比较,MSG组大鼠肝细胞发生脂肪变性伴炎性细胞浸润,肝重、ALT、AST、ALP水平升高（P<0.01）,肝细胞IL-6、TNF-α、TLR4、p38MAPK mRNA表达增加（P<0.01）,TLR4、p38MAPK、p-p38MAPK蛋白表达升高（P<0.01）;与MSG组比较,FGF21组大鼠肝细胞脂泡和炎性细胞减少,肝重、ALT、AST、ALP降低（P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.05）,IL-6、TNF-α、TLR4、p38MAPK mRNA表达下降（P<0.01）,TLR4、p38MAPK、p-p38MAPK蛋白水平降低（P<0.01）。结论 FGF21可能通过调节TLR4/p38MAPK信号转导通路,抑制NAFLD炎性反应。     

姜黄素通过抑制NF-κB信号通路减轻高糖致H9C2心肌细胞损伤的实验研究

[目的] 观察姜黄素对炎症反应、氧化应激相关指标及细胞核转录因子κB（NFκB）信号通路的影响,探讨其减轻高糖致H9C2细胞损伤的作用机制。[方法] 高糖孵育建立H9C2心肌细胞损伤模型。实验分为正常对照组、高糖对照组和姜黄素各剂量组（2.5、5、10、20 μmol/L）。酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）法测定细胞培养液上清中肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）的含量以及细胞内丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的含量。蛋白质印迹（Western Blot）法检测细胞内IκB激酶β（IKKβ）、NF-κB p65、p-NF-κB p65的蛋白表达水平。[结果] 与正常对照组比较,高糖对照组H9C2心肌细胞活性降低,细胞培养液上清中TNF-α、IL-6、LDH含量明显增加（P<0.05）,心肌细胞内MAD含量增加（P<0.05）、SOD含量降低（P<0.05）,心肌细胞内IKKβ蛋白表达增加（P<0.05）,NFκB p65蛋白表达变化不明显,但p-NF-κB p65的蛋白表达水平增加（P<0.05）;与高糖对照组比较,姜黄素各剂量组预处理6 h可呈剂量依赖性增强H9C2细胞活性（P<0.05）,降低细胞培养液上清中TNF-α、IL-6、LDH含量（P<0.05）,降低细胞内MDA含量、增加SOD含量（P<0.05）,降低IKKβ蛋白表达（P<0.05）,降低p-NF-κBp65蛋白表达（P<0.05）。[结论] 姜黄素可通过抑制NF-κB信号通路过度激活,降低炎症反应及氧化应激状态,减轻高糖诱导的H9C2心肌细胞损伤。     

间歇性低氧诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞损伤机制研究

目的 建立人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVECs）的间歇性低氧（IH）模型,探讨IH损伤血管内皮细胞的机制。方法 通过低氧气体循环灌注低氧舱,建立HUVECs的IH模型。实验分为正常对照组（CON）,间歇性低氧（IH）2、4、6、8、10、12、14、16次循环组,IH+P38 MAPK阻断剂组（INH）以及持续性缺氧组（SH）。采用定量PCR技术（QPCR）检测细胞间黏附因子（intercellular adhesion molecule 1,ICAM-1）、E选择素（E-selectin）、白介素1（interleukin -1, IL-1）、白介素6（interleukin -6,IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子α（tumor necrosis factor α,TNF-α）基因表达量;Western blot法检测P38 MAPK /NF-κB通路关键靶标蛋白表达量;细胞免疫荧光技术观察NF-κB P65核移位变化,同时检测细胞黏附功能。结果 （1） 与CON组比较,IH刺激下炎性反应相关因子IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α基因表达量升高（P<0.05）。（2） 与CON组比较,IH组HUVECs的p-P38 MAPK蛋白表达水平升高,NF-κB通路靶标蛋白p-IκB、NF-κB P65核蛋白表达水平均升高,而INH组变化不明显。IH组的NF-κB P65出现核移位变化。（3） 细胞黏附实验结果显示IH组人单核细胞系（human acute monocytic leukemia cell line,THP-1）与HUVECs的黏附能力较CON组增强（P<0.05）。结论 IH能够体外诱发HUVECs炎性反应,其机制与激活P38 MAPK/NF-κB信号通路相关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.