藤黄属植物化学成分与药理活性

概述了自１９８５年以来藤黄属植物化学成分及生物活性的研究进展，并列出１９８５年来从藤黄属植物中分离鉴定的Ｓｈａｎ酮类化合物的结构，名称及来源。     

藤黄属植物Garcinia scortechinii果实中的呫吨酮和倍半萜衍生物

藤黄属植物G．scortechinii是分布于马来群岛和泰国南部的一种小树。作者从该植物的果实中分离得到10个新化合物，其中4个为笼型异戊二烯基化呫吨酮（1～4），4个为重排呫吨酮（5～8），2个倍半萜衍生物（9和10），还分得14个已知化合物。对所有分离得到的呫吨酮衍生物均进行了抗金葡菌甲氧西林耐药株（MRSA）的试验。     

远志的化学成分研究

目的研究远志Polygalatenuifolia的化学成分。方法采用硅胶柱色谱、凝胶色谱等方法分离化合物,运用现代光谱技术鉴定化合物的结构。结果从远志95%乙醇提取物中分离鉴定了6个化合物,分别为2-羟基-4,6-二甲氧基二苯酮(Ⅰ)、1,7-二羟基-3-甲氧基酮(Ⅱ)、1,7-二羟基-2,3-二甲氧基酮(Ⅲ)、α-菠甾醇(Ⅳ)、远志醇(Ⅳ)和苯甲酸(Ⅵ)。结论化合物为首次从该种植物中分离得到,化合物为首次从该属植物中得到。     

从南非植物中分离得到的四种新(口山)酮

近年来,(口山)酮类化合物越来越多地引起人们的注意,因为它具有了多种药理活性:单胺氧化酶抑制作用,体外细胞毒性,体内具有抗肿瘤、抗真菌、抑制结核菌、抗炎、抗菌等作用。生长于热带的藤黄属植物是(口山)酮类化合物的丰富资源。本文报道了从该属植物Garcinia livingstonei分离得到的四种新的被异戊烯基取代的(口山)酮化合物。将采于南非的G.livingstonei根皮     

流苏石斛化学成分的研究（Ⅱ）

目的;对兰科植物流苏石斛的化学成分进行研究。方法：色谱和光谱分析法分离和鉴定化学成分。结果：从而酮部分分得6个化合物,分别为大黄素、芦荟大黄素、鼓糙石斛素、moscatlin、胡萝卡苷和（-）－莽草酸。结论：大黄素和芦荟大黄素为首次从石斛属植物中得到,其余均为首次从该种植物得到。     

蓼属植物黄酮类化合物及药理活性的研究进展

蓼属植物大多具有清热解毒、散结消肿、活血止痛、顺气解痉、收敛止泻、通经利尿等功效.本文综述蓼属植物的黄酮类化学成分及药理活性的研究进展.从蓼属植物中分离得到多种黄酮类化合物,其具有抗氧化、清除自由基、抗病原微生物、抗肿瘤等多种药理活性.通过对蓼属植物黄酮类化学成分及药理活性的研究概况进行总结和归纳,为进一步开发研究该属植物具有重要意义.     

八角属药用植物化学成分研究进展

总结了近五年八角属药用植物化学成分的研究新进展,详细列出了从十几种八角属植物中分离得到的新化合物和从该属植物中首次分离到的化合物,包括名称、结构类型、生物来源。按照化合物所属结构类型进行分类总结,主要包括萜类、苯丙素类、黄酮类、甾体类、挥发油等。同时也对该属植物的药理活性进行了概述,发现该属植物具有良好的抑菌、抗炎镇痛和抗氧化活性,为该属植物的开发利用提供了一定的依据。     

小连翘化学成分研究

小连翘Hyp ericun erectum Thunb.为藤黄科金丝桃属植物。民间用于治疗月经不调、消化道出血、吐血,外用治疗外伤出血、疔疮肿毒、毒蛇咬伤等[1]。迄今为止各国学者仅对金丝桃属部分植物进行了初步研究,但有关小连翘的化学成分研究少见报道。为了探讨小连翘的药效物质基础,作者对小连翘地上部分进行了化学成分研究,从其乙醇提取物的醋酸乙酯部位分离得到13个化合物,经化学方法和现代波谱分析鉴定了其中9个化合物的化学结构,分别为1,7-二羟基酮(Ⅰ)、山柰酚-3-O-阿拉伯糖苷(Ⅱ)、槲皮素-3-O-阿拉伯糖苷(Ⅲ)、山柰酚(Ⅳ)、槲皮素(Ⅴ)、3-羟…     

298红厚壳属植物Calophyllum panciflorum中具抗肿瘤促进作用的新双黄酮类化合物

作者曾从红厚壳属植物 C.panciflorumA.C.Smith(藤黄科)中分得新的双苯并呋喃化合物 calophyfuran 和两个新咄酮化合物pancixanthone A 和 B。在继续研究中从该植物茎皮的乙醇提取物中分到一个新双黄酮化合物 pancibiflavonol(1)和6个已知的双黄酮化合物。作者报道了化合物1的分离和鉴     

槲树叶的化学成分研究

槲树(Quercus dentata Thunb.)为壳斗科(Fagaceae)栎属(Quercus L.)植物,在我国分布有大约100余种,某些品种作为民间中草药被广泛应用,并且有着悠久的药用历史.<唐本草>以及以后的历代本草都有记载,主要用于治疗痢疾、恶疮等症 [1] .槲叶、槲皮、槲实仁均可作为药用.国内科研工作者已将槲树叶开发成治疗泌尿系统结石的新药,对该植物的化学成分研究仅见少数报道.同时,该属植物在分类学上还存在一些争议,对其化学成分进行系统研究,可以为该属植物的分类提供化学依据.本文从槲树叶Quercus dentata Thunb.中分离纯化得到7个三萜、甾醇类化学成分及1个多元醇,通过理化性质分析、光谱解析及和已知品对照等手段确定其化学结构分别为:木栓酮(1),粘霉烯醇(2),表木栓醇(3),β-谷甾醇(4),齐墩果酸(5),胡萝卜苷(6),quercilicoside A(7),1,3,4/2,5-环己五醇(8).其中化合物5～8为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

山竹主要化学成分及药理作用研究进展

山竹是一种常见的热带植物,其果实的外果皮是泰国、缅甸、印度等国家的传统药材.近年来,山竹化学成分的系统研究发现,其富含结构多样的呫吨酮类化合物.大量研究表明,这类化合物具有抗氧化、抗增殖、促凋亡、抗炎和抗菌等多种药理活性,日益受到医药学界的重视.本文就其主要化学成分及药理作用进行综述.     

铁线莲属植物药理作用研究进展

铁线莲属植物是毛茛科的一个大属,药用价值较高。本文旨在介绍铁线莲属植物不同种类具备的药理作用,并分别就每一种药理作用的研究进展进行总结,为铁线莲属植物的品种整理、质量评定等提供一定的科学依据。     

Review of Rhubarbs: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Rhubarb is a perennial herb belonging to the genus Rheum L. (Polygonaceae). Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (rhubarb roots and rhizomes) is one of the most popular Chinese materia medica and has been widely used for strong laxative function. About 200 compounds with six different types of skeletons (anthraquinone, anthrone, stilbene, flavonoids, acylglucoside, and pyrone) have so far been isolated from eighteen species of the genus Rheum L. These constituents showed extensive pharmacological activities including cathartic, diuretic, anticancer, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects, as well as toxicological effects. Chemical fingerprint, LC-MS, and other analytical techniques have been used for the quality control of rhubarb. This comprehensive review summarizes the researches into the isolation, pharmacological activities, and phytochemical analysis reported since investigations began in the late 1940s. In addition, pharmacokinetic studies and clinical application of rhubarb are also discussed in present paper.     

旋覆花属植物化学成分及生物活性的研究进展

近几年来，从旋覆花属植物中相继又发现许多新化合物，有倍半萜及其内酯、二萜、三萜类及黄酮苷等，并对其中某些成分的生物活性进行了研究，如抗肿瘤、降血糖、抗菌、抗炎和保肝作用等。本文对此进行详细归纳和综述。     

Traditional medical uses of Drimia species in terms of phytochemistry,pharmacology and toxicology

Drimia genus includes plants that used from ancient time for various ailments such as dropsy, respiratory ailment, bone and joint complications, skin disorders, epilepsy and cancer. Toxic properties of some Drimia species also were noted by ancient scientists and these plants have been traditionally used for rat control. Bufadienolides have been identified as the main constituents in the genus of Drimia. Phenolics, sterols, protein and some of other phytochemicals have been also isolated from these plants. Pharmacological and clinical studies have strongly approved their effect on cardiovascular system. Extracts and compounds isolated from Drimia species showed biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and insecticidal effects through several in vivo and in vitro studies. Moreover, cytotoxic and antitumor activities which may be related to bufadienolide content of these plants have been considered by many researchers. Traditional therapeutic values of these plants for treating respiratory and rheumatic ailments as well as skin disorders are needed to be validated through more researches. Toxic effects of these plants and isolated compounds have been investigated through several in vivo studies. Drimia plants and their isolated compounds have narrow therapeutic index, so patients should be prohibited from applying these plants without medical supervision and should be informed about the main intoxication symptoms before starting treatment. Moreover, interaction of Drimia plants with other constituents of traditional herbal mixtures as well as chemical and biological modalities for reducing toxicity of bufadienolide compounds can be subjected for future studies.     

Phytochemicals and Their Biological Activities of Plants in Tagetes L.

Tagetes L., the genus in the family Asteraceae, consists of about 30 species spread in South and Middle America as well as Mexico. More than one hundred secondary metabolites have been obtained in phytochemical investigation on the species, some of which have potent biological activities. The advances in phytochemical studies and biological activities of the plants in Tagetes L. from 1925 to 2011 are summarized in this paper.     

荚果蕨属植物的化学成分和药理活性研究概况

荚果蕨属植物属蕨类球子蕨科,主要化学成分为黄酮类化合物,还含有酚类、香豆素、甾萜类等,药理作用主要有抗病毒、驱虫、抗菌等活性,本属植物还具有很高的观赏和食用价值。综述了荚果蕨属植物化学成分和药理活性的研究进展,为进一步开发利用荚果蕨属植物提供参考。     

Screening for anti-pancreatic lipase properties of 28 traditional Thai medicinal herbs

Objective:To screen the effect of 28 medicinal plants on inhibition of pancreatic lipase and evaluate the phytochemical contents of extracts.Methods:The ethanolic extracts of 28 traditional Thai herbal medicines were assayed for their in vitro activities against porcine pancreatic lipase using p-nitrophenyl butyrate as a substrate.Quantitative estimation of flavonoids,phenolics,and alkaloids was done.Results:Extracts from four herbs,Memecylon edule Roxb.,Garcinia vilersiana Pierre,Cryptolepis elegans Wall.and Phyllanthus chamaepeuce Ridl.,at a concentration of100 mg/m L,strongly inhibited porcine pancreatic lipase by 90.97%,92.04%,94.64%and95.38%,respectively.There was a significant positive correlation between phenolic content and inhibition activity.Inhibition activity was significantly correlated with flavonoid and with alkaloid contents.Conclusions:From this result,it could be concluded that herbs represent a rich of antipancreatic lipase compounds,in particular,Cryptolepis elegans Wall.and Phyllanthus chamaepeuce Ridl.It is suggested that the phytochemical compounds from these plants may be applied for the prevention and treatment of obesity or hyperlipidemia.     

橙木的化学成分及生物活性研究进展

金缕梅科（Hamamelidaceae）槛木属（Loropetalum）植物共有4种及1变种,分布于亚洲东部的亚热带地区,其中橙木和它的变种红花橙木可作药用。橙木中分离鉴定的化学成分包括挥发油、鞣质、黄酮、木脂素类和萜类等,提取分析方法研究包括总酚、总黄酮和花色素的提取方法和黄酮类化合物的定量分析方法,生物活性研究包括抑菌、抗炎、促愈合和抗氧化等。本文对橙木和红花橙木的化学成分和生物活性研究进展进行综述,为其药用价值的进一步开发利用提供参考。     

小连翘内生真菌种群分布及其抗菌性研究

目的 分析小连翘(Hyperioums sampsonii Hance)内生真菌的分布特征和抗菌活性.方法 采用内生菌分离法分离菌株,双培养法对峙试验测定其抗菌性.结果 从小连翘的根、茎、叶等不同的器官中分离得到81株内生真菌,经形态学分类鉴定分属于4个目,5个科,26个属,其中头孢霉属(Cephalosporium sp.)和丝核菌属(Rhizoctonia sp.)为优势菌群.不同部位内生真菌的类型、数量和分布存在差异,根部有31株,分属于12属;茎部有12株,分属于10属;叶部有38株,分属于13属.通过平板对峙实验发现,从小连翘所分离的内生真菌中54.32%对某些植物病原真菌有拮抗活性.结论 小连翘内生真菌及其代谢产物中具有潜在活性物质,值得深入研究.