粘接剂对窝沟封闭剂边缘密合性影响的实验研究

目的 通过窝沟封闭剂微渗漏实验及超微结构观察,探讨使用全酸蚀粘接剂(Prime & Bond NT )和自酸蚀粘接剂(Clearfil SE Bond)对窝沟封闭剂与牙面密合性的影响.方法 选取无龋正畸减数上前磨牙65颗,随机分为5组,即:常规组、唾液污染组、全酸蚀粘接剂组(Prime&Bond NT)、唾液污染+全酸蚀粘接剂组(Prime&Bond NT)和自酸蚀粘接剂组(Clearfil SE Bond),按不同处理方式进行窝沟封闭.将每组10颗标本浸泡在1%亚甲蓝溶液中72小时后取出,制作切片,测定微渗漏深度,计算微渗漏率,并进行统计学方差分析;另外3颗/组使用扫描电镜观察封闭界面的超微结构.结果 微渗漏实验中,使用全酸蚀粘接剂组产生微渗漏最小,唾液污染组明显高于常规组(P<0.01),唾液污染+全酸蚀粘接剂组显著低于唾液污染组(P<0.01),自酸蚀粘接剂组产生的微渗漏最高,明显高于其他各组(P<0.01).扫描电镜观察显示,常规组可见釉质表面结构清晰,大量树脂突深入至釉柱中,二者结合紧密,无缝隙.全酸蚀粘接剂组树脂突长而密集,封闭剂与釉质结合良好.唾液污染组仅见少量树脂突,树脂突短小,粘接界面有的部位出现缝隙.唾液污染+全酸蚀粘接剂组可见粘接剂渗入釉质微孔中形成密集的树脂突,窝沟封闭剂与釉质形成良好的结合.自酸蚀粘接剂组未见明显树脂突,封闭剂与釉质之间有明显的缝隙.结论 全酸蚀粘接剂(Prime&Bond NT)可以增强窝沟封闭剂与牙面的密合性.与常规的磷酸酸蚀方法相比,直接使用自酸蚀粘接剂(Clearfil SE Bond)后,窝沟封闭剂的边缘密合性差,不适宜用于窝沟封闭临床操作中.     

使用粘结剂对窝沟封闭剂渗透能力及微渗漏的影响

目的：观察在窝沟封闭中使用粘结剂对封闭剂渗透能力及微渗漏的影响。方法：选用近期因正畸需要拔除的双尖牙30颗,随机分为A、B、C组,每组10颗。A组为对照组,采用传统封闭方法。B组在酸蚀牙面上涂Du-rafill Bond釉质粘结剂后再进行封闭。C组使用Adper^TMPrompt^TM自酸蚀粘结剂涂布牙面后封闭。通过染料浸染法和光学显微镜观察封闭剂渗入窝沟的程度和微渗漏。结果：C组微渗漏和未封闭面积比均显著高于A组和B组,A组和B组间观察指标差别无显著性。结论：在窝沟封闭操作中,AdperTMPromptTM自酸蚀粘结剂不能替代磷酸酸蚀。Durafill Bond粘结剂的应用对封闭剂的微渗漏和渗透能力无明显改善。     

免冲洗酸蚀复合体窝沟封闭系统的实验研究

目的比较免冲洗酸蚀复合体窝沟封闭系统和传统磷酸酸蚀窝沟封闭系统在恒牙应用时的封闭和微渗漏情况。方法16颗新鲜拔除的第三磨牙分成4组。Ⅰ组应用免冲洗酸、粘接剂Prime & bond NT和复合体窝沟封闭系统,Ⅱ组采用磷酸和Resin树脂窝沟封闭系统,Ⅲ组采用磷酸和复合体窝沟封闭剂,Ⅳ组采用免冲洗酸、粘接剂Prime & bond NT和Resin树脂窝沟封闭剂。应用硝酸银浸染法和实体显微镜检查微渗漏情况,扫描电镜观察窝沟封闭情况。结果4组牙齿都存在微渗漏。Ⅰ、Ⅳ组微渗漏比率均高于Ⅱ组（ P<0.01）;Ⅰ组和Ⅳ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组的微渗漏比率也有统计学差异（ P<0.01）,Ⅰ组高于Ⅳ组,Ⅲ组高于Ⅱ组。扫描电镜观察发现采用磷酸酸蚀组可见树脂突,材料均匀;采用免冲洗酸蚀组基本上未见树脂突,材料之间裂隙大。多数样本的窝沟底部渗透较差。结论免冲洗酸蚀系统的微渗漏高于磷酸酸蚀系统,复合体封闭剂的微渗漏较高;磷酸酸蚀法有利于提高窝沟封闭剂的固位。     

自酸蚀粘结系统及唾液污染分别对窝沟封闭剂微拉伸粘结强度的影响

目的 评价Clearfil S3 Bond自酸蚀粘结系统和唾液污染对窝沟封闭剂拉伸粘结强度的影响.方法 15颗离体前磨牙,随机分为3组,每组5颗.A、B组分别经35%磷酸酸蚀、Clearfil S3 Bond自酸蚀处理,C组35%磷酸酸蚀后唾液污染,3组均用Estiseal F窝沟封闭剂分层固化堆积形成5 mm高封闭剂小柱.再将样本切成1 mm×1 mm×10 mm大小的试件,微拉伸仪检测其拉伸粘结强度.结果 使用自酸蚀粘结系统与常规磷酸酸蚀组的微拉伸粘结强度无显著区别(P＞0.05),而唾液污染组显著低于常规磷酸酸蚀组的微拉伸粘结强度(P＜0.05).结论 临床操作过程中应严格避免唾液污染,而关于自酸蚀粘结剂对封闭剂与牙釉质的微拉伸粘结强度的影响需进一步研究.     

自酸蚀粘接剂对窝沟封闭微渗漏影响的实验研究

目的:研究自酸蚀粘接剂对窝沟封闭微渗漏的影响。方法:将60颗离体的无龋上颌前磨牙随机分为3组,每组20颗,以磷酸酸蚀组为对照组,AdperTMEasy One组和iBond组为实验组,分别进行窝沟封闭;每组15颗牙进行微渗漏实验,5颗牙用于电镜观察结合界面。结果:AdperTMEasy One组与对照组微渗漏差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但有小于后者的趋势;iBond组微渗漏明显大于对照组(P0.01)。电镜观察显示AdperTMEasy One组封闭剂与釉质界面清晰连续,两者结合紧密。结论:自酸蚀粘接剂AdperTMEasy One用于窝沟封闭效果优于iBond。     

不同自酸蚀黏结系统对窝沟封闭剂黏结强度的实验研究

目的:评价不同自酸蚀黏结系统对窝沟封闭剂剪切黏结强度的影响.方法:将24颗正畸拔除的前磨牙随机分为4组,以1种两步法自酸蚀黏结剂Clearfil SE Bond(A组)和3种一步法自酸蚀黏结剂XenoⅢ(B组),Adper Prompt(C组),Tokuyama Bond Force(D组)分别与3M Concise窝...     

自酸蚀黏结剂在流动复合体窝沟封闭中的效果评价

目的:通过比较自酸蚀黏结剂和全酸蚀黏结剂,在流动复合体窝沟封闭中的边缘封闭性和保留率,评价自酸蚀黏结剂在窝沟封闭中应用的效果.方法:选取离体第三恒磨牙40个,采用Dyractflow流动复合体做窝沟封闭材料,分为两组,分别用自酸蚀黏结剂和全酸蚀黏结剂进行封闭处理,体视显微镜下观察封闭剂边缘的微渗漏情况;临床对85名7～10岁小学生采取自身双侧对照研究方法,均采用Dyractflow流动复合体做窝沟封闭材料,随机选择一侧上、下颌第一恒磨牙作为实验组,采用XenoⅢ自酸蚀黏结剂进行窝沟封闭;对侧同名牙作为对照组,采用伞酸蚀黏结剂.在第1、2年进行临床观察比较.结果:两种黏结剂均存在微渗漏现象,黏结剂之间的微漏程度无显著性差异(P＞0.05);临床1、2年保存率均无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论:自酸蚀黏结剂在流动复合体窝沟封闭中具有较好的临床治疗效果.     

不同牙面处理技术对窝沟封闭边缘密合性的影响

目的：以离体牙为研究对象,运用扫描电镜和激光共聚焦扫描显微镜观察不同牙面预备技术对窝沟封闭后边缘密合性的影响,为临床选择适宜的牙面预备技术提供实验依据。方法：60颗离体第三磨牙随机分为3组,每组20颗：A组,传统杯刷清洁（CST）;B组,窝沟釉质成形术（EST）;C组,非创伤性充填（ART）;牙面处理后分别涂布窝沟封闭材料。将实验标本浸于罗丹明B溶液染色后采用激光共聚焦扫描显微镜观察标本微渗漏深度;采用扫描电镜观察封闭剂与牙釉质结合处的超微结构。结果：EST组所产生的微渗漏深度最低,其次是ART组,对照组所产生的微渗漏深度最高。扫描电镜下,EST组中窝沟封闭剂与牙釉质之间渗透性好,ART组和对照组中窝沟封闭剂与牙釉质之间渗透性较好。结论：研究表明不同牙面处理技术对窝沟封闭边缘密合性的影响有显著性差异。ART技术与CST技术相似,封闭剂与牙釉质的边缘密合性较好,为ART技术应用于窝沟封闭提供了有力的证据。     

自酸蚀黏结系统对窝沟封闭剂黏结强度的影响

目的:评价自酸蚀黏结系统对3种窝沟封闭剂剪切黏结强度的影响。方法:选取前磨牙36个,随机分为实验组与对照组,每组18个。实验组分为3小组,经自酸蚀黏结系统(XenoⅢ)处理后,分别与3种窝沟封闭剂(Estiseal F,Concise,Ionosit Seal)黏结。对照组分为3小组,用GLUMA牙釉质酸蚀凝胶酸蚀后分别与3种窝沟封闭剂黏结。37℃水浴保存24h,万能材料试验机检测剪切黏结强度,扫描电镜(SEM)观察断裂面形态。结果:实验组的剪切黏结强度(SBS)明显高于对照组(P<0.05);SEM观察结果表明,断裂形式取决于酸蚀系统的类型。结论:自酸蚀黏结系统可以提高窝沟封闭剂与釉质的剪切黏结强度。     

窝沟封闭剂对托槽周围微渗漏影响的实验研究

目的 研究应用窝沟封闭剂封闭后金属托槽周围微渗漏的改变，为临床上应用窝沟封闭剂预防托槽周围釉质脱矿提供理论参考。方法 选择健康双尖牙72颗，随机分成3组，每组24颗，A组：37％磷酸酸蚀，京津釉质粘结剂粘结金属托槽。B组：37％磷酸酸蚀，3M Transbond光固化粘结剂粘结。C组：自酸蚀系统＋3M光固化粘结剂。再将每组的24颗牙随机分成实验组（A2、B2、C2）和对照组（A1、B1、C1），每组12颗，其中A2、B2、C2组用窝沟封闭剂涂布托槽周围，A1、B1、C1组不涂布窝沟封闭剂。所有样本进行冷热循环共500次，然后置于1％亚甲蓝溶液中浸泡染色24小时。将样本沿牙体长轴纵行切开，25倍立体显微镜下测量染料渗入最深点到托槽边缘的距离作为微渗漏的测量值，并对测量值进行方差分析和两两比较。结果 应用窝沟封闭剂与不用窝沟封闭剂组微渗漏的比较结果：A1组：A2组差别有高度统计学意义；B1组：B2组差别有统计学意义；C1组：C2组差别无统计学意义。结论 窝沟封闭剂能够明显减少磷酸酸蚀组的微渗漏而对自酸蚀组的作用不明显。     

Use of a self-etching adhesive on previously etched intact enamel and its effect on sealant microleakage and tag formation

AIM: This study verified the effects of a self-etching adhesive applied on pre-etched fissures (phosphoric acid 35%) on microleakage, penetration ability and tag formation of a fissure sealant. METHODS: 80 extracted sound human molar teeth were randomly divided into four groups and bisected in two equal parts, forming two subgroups, denominated A and B. Groups 1 and 2 were etched with phosphoric acid for 60 and 40s, respectively. Groups 3 and 4 were etched with phosphoric acid (40 and 20s, respectively) and afterwards treated with Xeno III (20s). All the procedures on sealant placement were performed under 90+/-2% relative humidity. The subgroups A and B were submitted to 1000 and 5000 thermal cycles, respectively. The samples were examined by light microscopy and by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) after sectioning. Microleakage, penetration ability, fissure type, tag formation quality and tag length were measured. RESULTS: Etching with phosphoric acid for 60s showed statistically significantly lower microleakage when compared to the other groups and significantly better tag formation quality and longer tags compared to 20s H(3)PO(4) plus Xeno III. Fissure type and number of thermal cycles were not significant factors on sealant microleakage. The penetration ability of the sealant in the fissure systems was not influenced by the treatment regimes. Shallow fissures showed a significant better tag formation than deep fissures. No significant difference in the prevalence of fissure types was seen among the groups. CONCLUSION: Etching fissures with phosphoric acid for 60s showed best results. The additional use of Xeno III did not improve fissure sealing under the conditions of this study.     

Microleakage and SEM evaluation of fissure sealants placed by use of self-etching priming agents

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the microleakage and internal seal of fissure sealants placed by use of self-etching priming agents in comparison to phosphoric acid etching of enamel. METHODS: Seventy-two caries-free extracted human molars were divided into six groups with 12 teeth each. Occlusal surfaces were cleansed by either pumicing (Groups I, III, V) or by 15-s air-abrasion treatment with 25 microm aluminum oxide particles (Groups II, IV, VI). Fissures were sealed with the self-etching priming systems, Clearfil Liner Bond 2 (Groups I, II) or Resulcin AquaPrime (Groups III, IV). In Groups V and VI, sealants were placed after phosphoric acid etching. Half of the teeth in each group were thermocycled. After staining with 0.5% methylene blue, the teeth were sectioned for evaluation of microleakage. Internal adaptation of the fissure sealants was analyzed by SEM on replicas of cross sections. RESULTS: Independent of the methods used for cleansing of the occlusal surfaces, fissure sealants in Groups I and II showed significantly more microleakage and less sufficient internal seal as compared to sealants placed in Groups III to VI. Sealants placed by Resulcin AquaPrime (Groups III, IV) leaked significantly more than sealants applied after phosphoric acid etching (Groups V, VI) of the enamel. However, statistical analysis (H-test) did not reveal significant differences concerning the internal adaptation of sealants placed in Groups III, IV, V and VI. CONCLUSIONS: Concerning the microleakage data, use of the self-etching bonding systems, Clearfil Liner Bond 2 and Resulcin AquaPrime, cannot be recommended for fissure sealing, since the sealing ability is less effective as compared to the conventional acid-etching technique.     

不同黏接系统应用于乳牙复合体修复的研究

目的探讨不同黏接系统应用于乳牙复合体修复后,对边缘密闭性、操作时间、操作复杂程度的影响。方法乳磨牙牙冠制备成薄片．表面制备Ⅰ类洞。分别应用黏接系统SingleBond、XenoⅢ、iBond,模拟临床操作,记录时间。温度循环法模拟体内状况处理样本后,扫描电镜观察。并行染料渗透实验。单盲法对二维微渗漏情况进行观察。结果黏接系统iBond的边缘密闭性方面明显差于XenoⅢ与SingleBond黏接系统（P〈0．05）。XenoⅢ黏接系统操作时间明显少于SingleBond与iBond黏接系统（P〈0．05）。结论自酸蚀黏接系统XenoⅢ能取得与全酸蚀黏接系统SingleBond相同的密闭性．同时缩短操作时间、减少操作的刺激性,白酸蚀黏接系统iBond边缘密闭性差,操作复杂、时间长。     

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目的评价4种黏结剂对氧化锆全瓷嵌体边缘微渗漏的影响。方法选取2012年8月佛山市禅城区向阳医院口腔科新鲜拔除的上颌第三磨牙40颗,随机分为A、B、C、D组,每组10颗,制备V类洞形。4组离体牙分别采用全酸蚀黏结剂AdperSinglebond2（A组）及自酸蚀黏结荆ClearFilSEBond（B组）、MultilinkSpnnt（C组）和AdperEasyOne（D组）黏结氧化锆全瓷嵌体,修复后离体牙经冷热循环后行2％亚甲基蓝染色,根管显微镜下观察各组微渗漏程度并进行比较。结果在铪壁,c组微渗漏明显高于A和B组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;但与D组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。在龈壁,c组微渗漏明显高于其他3组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;而其他3组之间差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论自酸蚀黏结剂ClearFilSEBond和AdperEasyOne的封闭能力较好,且较全酸蚀黏结剂操作简单方便,推荐临床使用。     

Effect of thermal cycling on microleakage of a fissure sealant polymerized with different light sources

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of thermal cycling on microleakage of a fissure sealant after it was bonded with different bonding agents and polymerized with different light curing units. To this end, two bonding agents (Xeno III, iBond), three light curing units (Astralis 3, Elipar free-light, Elipar free-light 2), and a fissure sealant (Fissurit FX) were used. Microleakage was then evaluated using a dye penetration method after thermal cycling. When the fissure sealant was polymerized with Elipar free-light and Elipar free-light 2, microleakage at 10,000 cycles was significantly increased compared with that at 5,000 cycles. In terms of comparison among the curing units, the best microleakage score was observed with Astralis 3 (p<0.05). In terms of comparison between the two bonding agents, no significant differences in microleakage score were observed (p>0.05). Further, it was concluded that in order to evaluate microleakage scores appropriately, it was necessary for specimens to be subjected to thermocycling of 10,000 times or more.     

SEM and microleakage evaluation of 3 flowable composites as sealants without using bonding agents

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine if flowable composites can be used as pit and fissure sealants without bonding agents. METHODS: Three flowable composites (Filtek Flow, Tetric Flow, Charmfil Flow) and a filled sealant (Ultraseal XT Plus) were used. The patterns of resin tag formation in the 4 sealant materials were compared using scanning electron microscopy. For the microleakage assessment, 54 extracted human premolar teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups. In each group, a conventional filled sealant and 1 of the 3 flowable composites were applied to occlusal fissures. The teeth were thermocycled and immersed in a 1% methylene blue solution for 48 hours. Each tooth was sectioned and examined to determine the extent of dye penetration. RESULTS: Three flowable composites and a filled sealant showed a similar resin tag formation pattern. The 3 flowable composites showed significantly more microleakage in each group than the filled sealant. The level of microleakage was similar in the 3 flowable composites. CONCLUSIONS: Concerning the microleakage data, use of the filled sealant is more effective in sealing mechanically prepared occlusal fissures in comparison to the flowable composites.     

Secondary caries-like lesions at fissure sealings with Xeno III and Delton--an in vitro study

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to establish a bacterial based in vitro caries model to test the caries preventive effect of fissure sealants and to investigate whether a self-etching adhesive (Xeno III) used as fissure sealant is equally effective in preventing secondary caries compared to a conventional sealant (Delton) when applied on saliva contaminated and non-contaminated fissures. METHODS: Forty caries-free upper premolars were randomly divided into two groups. Group A was sealed with a conventional resin-based fissure sealant (Delton) after phosphoric acid etching. Group B was sealed with a self-etching adhesive (Xeno III) without prior etching. To simulate the clinical situation of saliva contamination, the distal part of each tooth was slightly moistened with saliva before sealant application. After thermo-cycling, the specimens were exposed to a cariogenic Streptococcus mutans biofilm in an artificial mouth model. Depths of demineralization were measured on serial sections by confocal laser scanning microscopy. If a demineralization was detected underneath the whole fissure sealing the sample was rated as 'total failure'. RESULTS: Significantly higher numbers of total failures could be found in the Xeno III group compared to the Delton group in areas without saliva contamination. On contaminated areas, no significant difference could be found. There was no significant difference regarding the depth of the primary carious lesions between groups. CONCLUSION: The study supports our recent findings that our caries model is capable to produce secondary caries-like lesions at fissure sealings. Based on the present in vitro data, it cannot be recommended to use the self-etching adhesive Xeno III solely as a fissure sealant.     

Variables contributing to the quality of fissure sealants used by general dental practitioners

This study investigated the factors that could influence microleakage, penetration ability and the formation of resin tags of different sealants used in routine oral health care. One hundred and two caries-free extracted molars were divided into 34 groups of three teeth each. A questionnaire and three teeth were submitted to 34 dentists participating in the study. They completed the questionnaire anonymously based on their own clinical procedures. The teeth were then treated, corresponding to the questionnaires. The types of sealants were categorized into three groups: classical sealant, flowable composite and flowable compomer. The molars were thermocycled in water (5,000 cycles between 5 degrees C and 55 degrees C), then stained with 5% methylene blue for 24 hours. Each tooth was then sectioned longitudinally at three sites. Fissure type, microleakage and penetration ability of the sealants was evaluated with a computer-linked light microscope (25x magnification). Formation of resin tags at the enamel-sealant interfaces was examined using SEM. Variables thought to influence performance of the sealants were analyzed by multiple regression analyses. Classical sealants showed significantly lower microleakage than flowable composites and flowable compomers. Conventional etching with phosphoric acid was critical for sealant success. Agitating the etchant could improve the quality of sealing by decreasing microleakage significantly. In addition, the fissure types had a significant effect on the penetration ability of sealants.