微流芯片技术在耐药株结核杆菌检测中的应用

目的：探讨微流芯片技术检测结核分枝杆菌耐利福平rpoB基因突变的可行性。方法：根据rpoB基因最为常见的三种突变形式(531TCG→TTG，526CAC→TAC，516GAC→GTC)设计引物，用于微流芯片检测结核分枝杆菌利福平耐药性，同时与常规药敏试验和DNA测序结果进行比较。结果：引物比例1：5，杂交温度52℃，杂交时间10min为最佳条件。在20株常规药敏试验为利福平敏感株中，微流芯片测出2株耐药株，并经DNA测序证实；而28株药敏试验为利福平耐药株中，1株微流芯片测定为敏感株，DNA测序证实为513位CAA→CTA突变。该法与常规药敏试验和DNA测序的总符合率分别为93.8％（45/48）和97.9％（47/48）。结论：微流芯片技术快速、灵敏、准确，可用于结核分枝杆菌利福平耐药性的快速检测。     

结核分枝杆菌耐利福平株rpoB基因突变的研究

目的了解遵义地区结核分枝杆菌耐利福平临床分离株rpoB基因突变特点.方法采用比例法对肺结核患者痰标本分离的127株结核分枝杆菌进行药物敏感性试验,并对结核分枝杆菌耐利福平rpoB基因包括耐药决定区81个碱基在内的412bp片段进行PCR扩增及序列测定.结果127株结核分枝杆菌临床分离株中49株对利福平耐药,78株对利福平敏感.49株耐利福平临床分离株中,31株rpoB基因存在突变(63.3%),突变位点为531、526和516等;511位点CTG→CAG(Leu→Pro)为新的突变位点;4株双位点联合突变,其中2例为新的联合突变:GAC516GGC,ATC572CTC和CTG511CAG,CAC526AAC.结论结核分枝杆菌耐利福平与rpoB基因突变相关,且存在地区差异.     

应用基因芯片技术检测结核分枝杆菌耐异烟肼基因型

目的研制一种新型DNA芯片,用于快速检测结核分枝杆菌耐异烟肼katG基因突变。方法根据结核分枝杆菌katG基因序列设计探针并制作DNA芯片,用四甲基罗丹明标记的引物扩增结核分枝杆菌katG基因突变热点的片断,与DNA芯片杂交,同时以聚合酶链反应-单链构象多态性(pdymerase chain reaction-single stranded conformation polymorphism,PCR-SSCP)和DNA测序法为对照。结果153株结核分枝杆菌临床分离株中30株异烟肼敏感株的PCR-SSCP和DNA芯片杂交结果与结核分枝杆菌标准株完全相同,123株异烟肼耐药株中有85株检测到katG基因突变,占69.1%(85/123)。其中83株为315位密码子AGC→ACC突变,2株为315位密码子AGC→AAC突变,该突变与PCR-SSCP和DNA芯片杂交结果一致;余38株未检测到突变,经测序证实其中1株PCR-SSCP有不同突变的为279位密码子GGC→GAC突变,因芯片上未点该位点的探针,所以杂交结果为阴性。结论用DNA芯片可快速、特异地检测出大多数结核分枝杆菌耐异烟肼分离株的katG基因突变,可用于临床耐药性的检测,指导临床用药。     

中国部分地区耐利福平耐药基因的检测

目的　研究中国部分地区耐利福平 (RFP)结核分支杆菌临床分离株rpoB基因突变情况并评价其耐药分子机制。方法　采用聚合酶链反应 -单链构象多态性 (PCR -SSCP)对 45 3株结核分支杆菌临床分离株 (其中敏感株 14 8株 ,耐RFP或含耐RFP株 3 0 5株 )rpoB基因进行检测。并对其中 12株SSCP阴性的耐药株用双脱氧末端终止法进行测序分析。结果　北京市、上海市、河北省、河南省、辽宁省、吉林省、安徽省 ,结核分支杆菌耐RFP临床分离株rpoB基因突变率分别为 90 % ,92 % ,90 % ,90 % ,92 % ,94% ,93 %。经统计学处理不同地区间差异无显著性 ( χ2 =0 3 1,P >0 0 5 )。同时敏感株均无突变 ,特异性为 10 0 %。 12株SSCP阴性耐药株中经测序 4株在 5 3 1位密码子TCG→TTG ,1株 5 2 6位密码子CAC→TAC ,1株发生在 5 16位密码子GAC→GTC ,6株未改变。结论　中国不同地区耐利福平耐药基因突变率大致相同 ,rpoB基因突变是耐RFP结核分支杆菌耐药性的主要分子机制 ,PCR -SSCP可快速检测结核分支杆菌RFP耐药性     

淋球菌多重耐药性与mtrR基因点突变的关系

目的探讨多传递耐药（mtr）外排系统中mtrN基因点突变与淋球菌流行株多重耐药性的关系。方法应用K-B法和琼脂稀释法分离出55株淋球菌流行株。利用小量细菌基因组DNA快速抽提试剂盒取淋球菌DNA，PCR扩增16株淋球菌mtrR基因．并对扩增产物测序．比较淋球菌敏感株与多重耐药株的差异。结果淋球菌多重耐药株占76．36％（42／55）。4株敏感株和2株耐青霉素淋球菌无mtrR基因突变，10株多重耐药株均有mtrR基因点突变，表现为3种点突变形式：6株发生了第45位Gly（GGC→GAC）Asp，3株发生了第14位His（CAC→CGC）Arg．1株发生了第51化Phe（TTC→GTC）Val。结论淋球菌mtrR基因第45位Gly（GGC→GAC）Asp,14位His（CAC→CGC）Arg和第51位Phe（TTC→GTC）Val突变与淋球菌流行株的多重耐药性密切相关。     

结核分枝杆菌rpoB基因突变与多重耐药及利福平耐药程度的相关性

目的 研究结核分枝杆菌，rpoB基因突变与多重耐药及利福平耐药程度强弱之间的关系。方法应用绝对浓度法测定58株结核分枝杆菌对4种－线抗结核药物的药敏特性，对耐利福平结核分枝杆菌的耐药谱进行分析。同时对含有核心突变区的结核分枝杆菌，rpoB基因片段进行PCR扩增和DNA测序，分析rpoB基因突变与多重耐药的关系，以及突变位点和突变性质与利福平耐药强弱的相关性。结果58株结核分枝杆菌中，利福平耐药株36株，敏感株22株。36株耐药株均存在，rpoB基因突变，其中88．9％(32／36)至少对利福平和异烟肼同时耐药。90．O％的利福平高度耐药株(18/20)与rpoB基因531位和526位密码子突变相关。密码子531位和526位各有1株双碱基突变，且均为多重耐药株。结论结核分枝杆菌，rpoB基因突变所致的利福平耐药株大部分对异烟肼耐药，因此单独检测rpoB基因突变即可初步筛选多重耐药的结核分枝杆菌；而rpoB基因的突变位点与利福平耐药程度之间具有一定的相关性。     

结核杆菌对利福平耐药的分子机理的研究

目的：研究本地区临床分离的结核杆菌利福平(RFP)耐药表型与rpoB基因突变的关系。方法：应用全自动DNA测序仪对1株RFP敏感株和2株RFP耐药株的rpoB基因的突变集中区域进行了测序分析。结果gRFP敏感株证实无rpoB基因突变，而2株RFP耐药株均发生rpoB基因的碱基置换突变，1株为Leu511→Val，Ser53l→Leu;另一株为Ser5l2→Gly。结论：高度保守的rpoB基因突变导致所编码的氨基酸改变是RFP耐药的分子基础。     

浙东地区耐多药结核分枝杆菌耐药特性及分子机制研究

目的 对浙东地区耐多药结核分枝杆菌（MDR-TB）耐药性及分子机制进行研究,为治疗耐多药结核病提供理论依据。方法 收集2018 年1 月～2019 年12 月浙江东部9 家结核病定点医院临床分离的结核分枝杆菌。采用比例法检测异烟肼（INH）、利福平（RIF）、氧氟沙星（OFL）、链霉素（SM）、乙胺丁醇（EMB）、阿米卡星（AK）、对氨基水杨酸（PAS）、卷曲霉素（CM）和丙硫异烟胺（TH）对MDR-TB 的耐药性。通过基因芯片方法检测耐多药结核分枝杆菌rpoB、katG、inhA 突变位点,PCR 扩增OFL 耐药的MDR-TB 的gyr 耐药基因并测序。结果 耐多药结核分枝杆菌对OFL、SM、EMB、AK、PSA、CM、TH、INH 和RIF 耐药率分别为38.1%、54.8%、28.6%、11.9%、8.3%、9.5%、13.1%、100.0%和100.0%。耐多药结核分枝杆菌的突变位点为rpoB 511（9 例）、rpoB 513（3 例）、rpoB 516（3 例）、rpoB 526（25 例）、rpoB 531（38 例）、rpoB 533（2 例）,KatG 315（71 例）,inhA-15(4 例),KatG 315 与inhA-15 同时突变（9 例）。检测到26 株gyrA 基因和2 株gyrB 基因发生突变,突变类型为Thr478Asn、Asn477Thr、Ala90Val、Ser91Pro、Asp94Ala、Asp94His、Asp94Asn 和Asp94Gly。结论 耐多药结核分枝杆菌利福平耐药以rpoB 基因531位点突变为主;异烟肼耐药以KatG 基因315 位点突变为主;MDR-TB 对喹诺酮类药物的耐药机制以gyrA 基因Ala90Val、Ser91Pro、Asp94Gly 突变类型为主。     

痰耐药结核分枝杆菌rpoB基因的快速检测及利福平耐药机制研究

目的快速检测痰耐药结核分枝杆菌rpoB基因，了解利福平耐药的分予机制。方法根据结核分枝杆菌rpoB基因的耐利福平决定区设计引物．用PCR方法从耐药肺结核患者痰及临床分离菌株扩增rpoB基因片段，对扩增获得的rpoB基因片段进行序列测定，比较分析耐多药、全耐、单耐利福平、全敏感或标准结核分枝杆菌株之间的基因序列差异。结果于6h内从耐药肺结核痰中快速检测到rpoB举因。耐多药菌株、全耐及单耐利福平分离菌株均检测有rpoB基因点突变，突变位点主要为531、516或526常见密码子，且绝大多数为单碱基突变，发现1例MDR-TB出现479位和531位密码子同时突变。敏感株和标准株无基因突变。结论PCR及序列分析方法可快速、准确检测结核分枝杆菌rpoB基岗及其突变，结核分枝杆菌埘利福平的耐药性与rpoB基因点突变有关。     

先天性甲状腺功能减退症TSH受体基因突变研究

目的：研究天津地区先天性甲状腺功能减退症(先天性甲减)患者的TSH受体(thyrotropin receptor,TSHR)基因突变情况。方法：用TKM法提取18例先天性甲减、35例正常对照者外周血DNA，用PCR-SSCP技术分析TSHR基因第1、4、6、10外显子，突变经正反向测序证实。结果：发现1例先天性甲减患儿在TSHR基因第10外显子具有2个位点纯合子突变：450位密码子由CGC置换为CAC，Arg450→His(R450H)；727位密码子由GAC置换为GAG，Asp727→Glu(D727E)。结论：D727E为TSHR基因多态性，失活性突变纯合子R450H导致该患儿先天性甲减。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.