超声心动图对冠状动脉瘘的诊断价值

目的 探讨经胸超声心动图对冠状动脉瘘的诊断价值.方法 分析14例冠状动脉瘘患者的超声心动图表现,并与冠状动脉造影结果对照.结果 经冠状动脉造影证实14例冠状动脉瘘患者,超声检出13例;其中左冠状动脉瘘7例,右冠状动脉瘘5例,左右冠状动脉瘘1例;漏诊1例右冠状动脉右室瘘,诊断准确率为92.9%.超声诊断单发瘘口13例,漏诊单发瘘口1例,误诊1例多发瘘口(2个瘘口)为单发;对单发瘘口的诊断准确率为92.3%.结论 超声心动图埘冠状动脉瘘具有较高的诊断价值,可作为临床诊断该病的首选方法.     

Effects of iohexol on ventilatory functions in patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography

Background and objectives Adverse respiratory reactions have been reported with intravascular radiographic contrast media. The aim of the present study is to assess the effects of iohexol on pulmonary functions in patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography (CA). Materials and methods: 30 patients enrolled in the study. The respiratory functions of the patients were measured at three different stages during angiography (before, immediately after and 2 h later) and arterial blood gas analyses were performed at six stages during CA (before, immediately after the insertion of angiography catheter, 2 min after the injection of contrast agent, at the end of angiography, an hour and 2 h after angiography). A single, experienced angiographer performed the angiography procedures via radial artery route. Totally six multiple angled views of the left and right coronary arteries were recorded in all patients by hand injection. None of the patients were performed ventriculography. Results: Angiography caused significant reduction in forced expiratory volume in 1 sec [FEV₁] (from 103 ± 15 to 95 ± 17, p < 0.01), forced vital capacity [FVC] (from 99 ± 13 to 95 ± 18, p < 0.05) and maximum mid-expiratory flow rate [MMF] (from 95 ± 33 to 84 ± 29, p < 0.01) whereas there were no significant changes in the mean FEV₁/FVC ratios at different stages of angiography. Statistically significant decrease in PaO₂ (from 91 ± 10 to 85 ± 13 mmHg, p < 0.01) and arterial O₂ saturation (from 97 ± 1% to 96 ± 1%, p < 0.01) were also observed. Data in present study showed a clinically insignificant but statistically significant restrictive impairment in pulmonary functions. Conclusions: Diagnostic CA using iohexol decreases ventilatory functions in a small but significant extent in patients without any overt pulmonary disease.     

Congenital coronary artery fistulas in adults: concomitant pathologies and treatment

Background Coronary artery fistula is a rare congenital malformation. Complications such as intracardiac shunts, endocarditis, myocardial infarction, aneurysm and sudden death can be observed. The purpose of this article is to present our experience with concomitant cardiac pathologies and discuss various therapeutic approaches including surgical and percutaneous intervention. Materials and methods During 18,272 diagnostic cardiac catheterizations, coronary artery fistulas were identified incidentally in 10 patients (0.05%). There were 3 female and 7 male patients. The patients’ ages ranged from 42 to 76 years. All patients with coronary artery fistula were preoperatively in New York Heart Association functional class and Canadian Cardiovascular Society class II or III. Results In addition to coronary artery fistula, coronary artery disease was detected in 4 patients (40%), a ventricular septal defect and an aneurysm of the sinuses of Valsalvae with aortic regurgitation in one patient (10%) and an anomalous origin of the LAD from the pulmonary trunk in one patient (10%) during cardiac catheterization. Four (40%) of the total of 10 patients had only coronary artery fistula. Surgical closure of the coronary artery fistula was performed in 7 patients (70%). An interventional fistula closure with a coil device was confirmed by cardiac catheterization in another 3 patients (30%). One patient of the latter group showed a small residual shunt from the LAD to the pulmonary trunk. No death or long-term morbidities could be observed. Conclusions Coronary artery fistulas are incidentally diagnosed during coronary artery angiographies in adults and should be closed to prevent complications.     

双源CT评价非酒精性脂肪肝与冠心病关系的研究

目的评估非酒精性脂肪肝和冠心病之间的关系。方法回顾性分析1 115例行双源CT(DSCT)冠状动脉造影和接受DSCT肝脏平扫的临床资料,根据有无脂肪肝分为脂肪肝组和非脂肪肝组。分析两组间冠脉CTA的结果差异。结果脂肪肝组和非脂肪肝组患者在冠状动脉单支、双支及多支病变发病率间均有显著差异(P<0.05),两组间在冠脉轻、中、重度狭窄方面也存在显著差异(P<0.05),脂肪肝组中度以上钙化发生率明显增加(P<0.05)。结论非酒精性脂肪肝与冠心病发病有关。     

Aortic valve sclerosis is an echocardiographic indicator of significant coronary disease in patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography

Aortic valve sclerosis (AVS) is considered to be a manifestation of generalised atherosclerosis that involves the aortic valve. It has been associated with higher cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in a population-based study. This investigation used transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) to evaluate the prevalence and significance of AVS in 357 Chinese patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). This work reveals that AVS is an independent echocardiographic predictor of significant CAD in such clinical setting (O.R.=3.18; 95% confidence interval 1.52-6.7; p=0.002). Other independent predictors include male gender, diabetes mellitus and hypertriglyceridemia. The predictive value of AVS for the presence of CAD is more prominent in females and in subjects aged <65 years. The recognition of AVS on TTE should alert the physicians to the possibility of underlying significant CAD, and further evaluation with aggressive management is indicated, even though no angiographic documentation is available.     

Self-report of chest pain symptoms and coronary artery disease in patients undergoing angiography.

The relation of self-reported chest discomfort to the presence of atherosclerosis was examined, taking age and gender differences into account. Sixteen practicing cardiologists independently rated the items of a self-report questionnaire of angina pectoris (AP) symptoms according to their adjudged likelihood of being associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). Inpatients' (130 male and 82 female) responses to this questionnaire were obtained on the day prior to coronary angiography and scored according to their reporting of 12 symptoms endorsed by all 16 cardiologists, 25 symptoms endorsed by at least 90% of the cardiologists, and responses to items used in the Rose questionnaire, a brief survey tool for diagnosis of chest pain. Finally, patients' angiographic results were rated for presence of 75% or more CAD of one or more coronary arteries. Surprisingly, more symptoms were reported by patients without significant CAD, regardless of age or gender.     

Incidental renal artery stenosis among a prospective cohort of hypertensive patients undergoing coronary angiography

OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility, safety, and clinical yield of angiographic screening among hypertensive patients undergoing coronary angiography. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study was a prospective cohort analysis of hypertensive patients who underwent cardiac catheterization at a tertiary care referral center from July 1998 to March 1999. Abdominal aortography was performed to screen for renal artery stenosis, the percentage of which was measured. RESULTS: The mean +/- SD age of the 297 study patients was 64.9+/-10.2 years; 58.6% were male, and 98.0% were white. Mean +/- SD systolic/diastolic blood pressure was 142.8+/-22.5/79.6+/-11.4 mm Hg. Aortography required a mean incremental dose of 62+/-9 mL of nonionic contrast agent. No complications were attributable to aortography. Of 680 renal arteries, 611 (90%) were visualized adequately. Also, 53% of patients had normal renal arteries, 28% had stenoses less than 50%, and 19.2% had stenoses of 50% or more. Renal artery stenosis was bilateral in 3.7% of patients and high grade (>70% stenosis) in 7%. Patients with renal artery stenosis were more likely to have had a previous coronary intervention. In multivariate analysis, systolic blood pressure (odds ratio [OR], 1.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-138; P=.02), history of stroke or transient ischemic attack (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.27-5.78; P=.01), and cancer (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.02-3.82; P=.04) independently correlated with renal artery stenosis of 50% or more. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of incidental renal artery stenosis among hypertensive patients undergoing coronary catheterization is significant. Therefore, screening abdominal aortography should be considered in these patients to better define their risk of cardiovascular complications.     

320排探测器CT单心动周期扫描应用于心律不齐患者冠状动脉成像的可行性

目的:探讨uCT960+宽体探测器CT单心动周期扫描在心律不齐患者冠状动脉成像(CCTA)中的应用.方法:选择2020年6月至12月复旦大学附属中山医院放射诊断科收治的接受CCTA检查的心律不齐患者63例和同期正常窦性心律的患者63例.采用5分法评估冠状动脉节段的图像质量,比较2组对比噪声比(contrast nois...     

Registration of 3D CT angiography and cardiac MR images in coronary artery disease patients

A method for the registration of 3D cardiac CT angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance (MR) data sets based on their myocardial epicardial surfaces is introduced. The approach relies on temporally registered data sets obtained based on the electrocardiogram recorded during the CTA acquisition and the timing characteristics of the MR acquisition. The myocardial epicardial surfaces were identified in the reformatted CTA and MR data sets using a 3D semi-automated segmentation algorithm. This algorithm was implemented, evaluated on clinical data, and compared to a set of manual outlines during the course of this study. The registration of the CTA and MR data sets was based on the iterative closest point algorithm, which minimizes the distance between the surfaces defined by the epicardial outlines in each data set. The proposed technique was applied to data obtained from 11 patients with coronary artery disease. The CTA data was reformatted based on the registration results and the location of the MR imaging planes. The resulting CTA-MR image pairs were evaluated qualitatively by two experts, who graded the majority of the cases as either excellent or acceptable (11 of 11 cases for one reader, and 9 of 11 for the other). The results were evaluated quantitatively based on the distance between the registered epicardial surfaces. The quantitative measures indicated that the registered surfaces were within two pixels of one another (on average). The registration results were used to generate combined 3D renderings of information extracted from both data sets for visualization purposes.     

经股动脉路径行冠状动脉造影术后不同护理体位的研究

[目的]探讨经股动脉路径行冠状动脉造影术后改变病人体位,对病人术后不良反应及并发症的影响。[方法]选择我院心内科2008年1月—2009年12月行冠状动脉造影手术的住院病人150例,将其随机分为两组,对照组68例,实验组82例,观察24 h。对照组病人术后平卧位,沙袋压迫穿刺处6 h,术肢伸直制动,卧床24 h后下床活动。实验组术后在沙袋压迫穿刺处6 h基础上,指导病人侧卧位与平卧位交替,术侧肢体伸直。[结果]对照组有9例（13.2%）病人出现皮下血肿或皮肤淤斑,48例（70.6%）出现腰背酸痛,19例（27.9%）出现腹胀,35例（51.5%）出现失眠,10例（14.7%）出现排尿困难以及1例（1.5%）假性动脉瘤。实验组有10例（12.2%）病人出现皮下血肿或皮肤淤斑,15例（18.3%）出现腰背酸痛,7例（8.5%）出现腹胀,5例（6.1%）出现失眠,1例（1.2%）排尿困难者以及1例（1.2%）假性动脉瘤。[结论]冠状动脉造影术后病人采取平卧位与侧卧位交替的护理体位,能够减少病人术后并发症及不良反应的发生,增加舒适度。     

Non-protected carotid artery stent without angioplasty in high-risk patients with carotid and coronary artery disease undergoing cardiac surgery

Abstract

Hemodynamic depression (HD) is a frequent complication related to carotid endartherectomy or carotid artery stenting (CAS), often not well tolerated in patients with coronary artery disease. The purpose of this study is to assess whether CAS without angioplasty is beneficial in patients with severe carotid artery disease before coronary revascularization surgery (CABG) regarding the occurrence of HD. Between October 2002 and August 2006, 39 CAS were performed in 35 patients before cardiac surgery. Outcome measures, including periprocedural and 30-day post stenting and cardiac surgery complications, were assessed. Twenty-seven patients underwent CABG and eight combined CABG and valve replacement. During or immediately after CAS there was no episode of bradycardia or hypotension necessitating medical treatment. In the period between CAS-CABG, there was no case of HD. We also found no myocardial infarction. There were five neurological complications, two of them in the period between CAS-CABG (one transitory ischemic attack (TIA) and one minor stroke) and three after CABG (one TIA and two strokes). Three of them were discharged symptom-free. CAS without angioplasty can be a safe alternative to treat patients with coexistence of carotid and cardiac disease, since does not produce hemodynamic depression, therefore diminishing the cardiac complications.     

64排CT冠状动脉成像诊断冠状动脉狭窄的临床价值

目的 评价64排CT冠状动脉成像(CTCA)技术诊断冠状动脉显著狭窄(≥50%管腔狭窄)的临床价值.方法 采用CTCA对61例临床疑诊冠心病患者进行检查,并于CTCA检查后2周内行选择性冠状动脉造影(SCA).结果 1例患者因冠状动脉严重钙化4支血管CTCA不可评估,其余60例患者240支冠状动脉血管CTCA均可良好显影,240支血管显著狭窄诊断的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为90.0%(72/80)、91.9%(147/160)、84.7%(72/85)、94.8%(147/155).结论 CTCA显示了较高的阴性预测值,可以作为排除冠状动脉显著病变的一种无创标准性检查.     

双源CT冠状动脉血管成像对冠状动脉狭窄的诊断价值分析

目的:探讨应用双源CT冠状动脉血管成像(DSCT-CA)的检查方式对诊断冠状动脉狭窄的价值.方法:选取2019年1月—2020年5月期间我院65例疑似冠状动脉狭窄的患者,均接受冠脉造影(CAG)与DSCT-CA检查,以CAG检查为金标准,评价DSCT-CA对狭窄情况的诊断价值,并且以冠状动脉狭窄50％为界限,分析DSC...     

冠心病行冠状动脉内支架置入术病人的护理

总结42例冠心病行冠状动脉内支架置入术病人的护理,认为术后密切观察病情变化,术侧肢体制动,加强拔管护理和生活护理可以促进行冠状动脉内支架置入术的冠心病病人的早日康复,提高其生活质量.     

冠状动脉造影术在动脉粥样硬化患者中应用的观察及护理

目的 探讨研究冠状动脉造影术在动脉粥样硬化患者解剖学观察中的应用及护理要点,进而通过对动脉粥样硬化形态的了解研究颈动脉发生粥样硬化形态结构的现状.方法 以2007年12月至2010年8月收治的拟诊冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(CHD)患者78例为研究对象,并对围手术期的护理进行了总结.同期收治的10例CHD致死的老年患者进行了解剖研究.结果 临床共发生14例次并发症,但无患者因严重并发症死亡.结论 颈动脉和股动脉粥样硬化表现可以作为对冠状动脉粥样硬化进行研究的间接指标和窗口,而且右股动脉比左股动脉与双侧颈动脉的病变检出率更高.同时有针对性的临床护理,可降低术后并发症的危害.     

冠状动脉旁路移植术患者护理体会

笔报道50例冠状动脉旁路移植术患的护理，阐述了术后在血流动力学监测、呼吸道护理、血管活性药物的应用护理、维持电解质平衡、患肢的护理、心理护理以及出院指导等方面所采取的措施，无1例出现肺部感染等重要并发症，随访5——22月，无死亡及心绞痛发作。认为术后精心监护是减少和预防冠状动脉旁路移植术后并发症的发生，使患顺利康复的重要因素。