合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离患者的手术疗效分析

目的 探讨合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离患者的手术疗效及其影响手术疗效的因素。方法 回顾1996年1月至1998年8月间,本院收治的188例（188只眼）合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离患者的临床资料,分析患者术前增生性玻璃体视网膜病变（proliferative vitreoretinopathy,PVR）的分级、手术方式、术前糖皮质激素治疗等因素与手术疗效的关系。结果 本组患者手术治愈率为83．0％,低于一般视网膜脱离的治愈率;PVR的A－B组手术治愈率为89．6％,C1－C3级为84．1％,D1－D3级为69．0％;PVR的C1－C3级中,行玻璃体切除术者的手术治愈率高于行巩膜扣带术者;术前糖皮质激素使用者比未使用者手术治愈率高;糖皮质激素使用时间的长短与手术治愈率无关;巩膜扣带术者中,放液与不放液与手术治愈率无关。结论 合并脉络膜脱离的视网膜脱离患者,其视网膜脱离程度严重,PVR发展快,术前应及时给予糖皮质激素治疗,但不能延误手术时机。对PVR的A－B级、脉络膜程度不严重的患者可行巩膜扣带术,尽量不放视网膜下液、不注气;对PVR的C级患者行玻璃体切除术是解决严重脉络膜脱离的有效方法,对脉络膜脱离程度较轻的患者也可行巩膜扣带术;PVR的D级患者应行玻璃体切除术。     

玻璃体切除治疗合并脉络膜脱离的黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离疗效分析

目的探讨玻璃体切除治疗合并脉络膜脱离黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离的临床疗效。方法对确诊为合并脉络膜脱离黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离的48例（48只眼）随机分为应用糖皮质激素联合玻璃体切除手术组和直接行玻璃体切除手术组。对比术后视力变化、眼压、脉络膜脱离复位率、视网膜脱离复位率、黄斑裂孔状态及术后并发症等。结果经一次手术38只眼视网膜脉络膜完全复位，平均视力较术前有明显改善（P〈0．05）。术后并发症包括一过性眼压升高、晶状体混浊加剧及复位不成功等。结论对于合并脉络膜脱离的黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离，无论术前是否应用激素，术后疗效视功能相近。术前应用糖皮质激素的必要性值得探讨。及时采取玻璃体手术是一种有效的治疗手段。     

脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离

脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离是一种特殊类型的复杂性孔源性视网膜脱离，具有发病急、进展快、预后差的特点。因常合并葡萄膜炎、低眼压以及迅速发展的玻璃体视网膜增生改变，其手术成功率显著低于一般孔源性视网膜脱离。在视网膜脱离复位手术之前给予糖皮质激素治疗可取得较满意效果。     

脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的玻璃体手术治疗

目的:探讨玻璃体手术治疗脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离及术后早期临床表现。方法:脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离患者17例17眼,应用糖皮质激素及玻璃体切除联合硅油填充术治疗,分析手术前后临床表现及早期疗效。结果:患者17眼早期间接眼底镜及B超检查视网膜及脉络膜脱离达到解剖复位;术后眼压略高,之后趋于稳定;炎症反应较轻;视力均有不同程度提高。结论:脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离采用玻璃体切割联合硅油填充术能够获得良好的早期解剖复位。术前使用糖皮质激素有助于减轻炎症,为手术创造条件,提高手术成功率。术后早期眼压可控制在相对安全范围内。该类患者视力恢复普遍较差。     

脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离

脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离是一种特殊类型的复杂性孔源性视网膜脱离,具有发病急、进展快、预后差的特点。因常合并葡萄膜炎、低眼压以及迅速发展的玻璃体视网膜增生改变,其手术成功率显著低于一般孔源性视网膜脱离。在视网膜脱离复位手术之前给予糖皮质激素治疗可取得较满意效果。     

不放液手术治疗视网膜脱离

介绍３０例在门诊不放液治疗视网膜脱离手术方法要点和结果。手术成功率为９６．７％。讨论了不放液手术视网膜复位原理、优点及其适应证。     

视网膜脱离伴脉络膜脱离手术107眼临床报告

目的探讨视网膜脱离伴脉络膜脱离患者的病例情况及手术方法。方法收集１９９７年１月～１９９８年５月期间本院视网膜脱离患者中１０６例１０７眼伴脉络膜脱离眼为临床资料，予以统计分析。结果一次手术成功率７０．１％，玻璃体切割术７０％，环扎加压不放液７３．７％，环扎加压联合放液术５７．９％。最终治愈率为８６．９％。结论伴脉络膜脱离的视网膜脱离患者行环扎不放液术是一种优点较多的手术。     

陈旧性视网膜脱离的手术治疗

目的评价巩膜外环扎、加压联合放液、冷凝术治疗陈旧性视网膜脱离的效果。设计回顾性、非对照研究。研究对象13例（13眼）陈旧性视网膜脱离患者。方法对13例（13眼）陈旧性视网膜脱离采用巩膜外环扎、加压、放液、冷凝等联合手术方法治疗，分析术后视网膜复位，视力、眼压及术后并发症等情况。主要指标视力、眼压、视网膜复位状况。结果13例（13眼）术后均达到解剖复位，6例患者视力较术前提高，7例患者视力无明显变化，但自觉症状较术前改善。术后眼压维持在正常范围，术后随访至1年，未见并发症发生。结论采用巩膜外环扎、加压、放液、冷凝联合手术方法治疗某些陈旧性视网膜脱离，能取得较好的疗效。     

节段性巩膜外垫压术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离

1965年Lincoff等改进了加压不放液技术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离，避免了许多并发症，使得此手术在临床广泛运用。国内有关不放液治疗视网膜脱离的报道很多，但为了形成“新的锯齿缘”以缓解玻璃体对视网膜的牵拉，多数都联合巩膜环扎手术。我们对适合从外路手术的孔源性视网膜脱离患者，运用最小量巩膜外手术方法，采用冷凝加不放液的节段性巩膜外垫压手术治疗，取得了良好效果，现报道如下。     

242例不放液视网膜脱离手术分析

２４２例不放液视网膜脱离手术分析四川省人民医院眼科闵鹄秋视网膜脱离是眼科重症之一，对视力损害很大。唯一治疗方法是手术，视网膜脱离手术类别繁多，主要在于封孔及视网膜下液的处理．关于玻璃体变性后由裂孔进入视网膜下的液体的处理，各家有不同论据．我院眼科从１...     

"三脱離"手術時機和術式的選擇

目的討論伴脉絡膜脱離孔源性視網膜脱離的手術時機和方法,并證明術前不依賴糖皮質激素治療的可行性.方法針對其特徵性臨床表現就術前是否使用糖皮質激素,采用放舆不放視網膜脱離下液兩種手術方法.結果視網膜一次復位率激素組88.6%、非激素組91.6%,兩組手術效果比較P>0.05,但激素組放液致脉絡膜出血1例.而非激素組采用不放液手術則并發癥少,并在裂孔封閉後,視網膜脉絡膜復位、炎癥自然消退、玻璃體狀態改善.結論盡早手術封閉裂孔是治療的關鍵;即使術前不用激素治療,祗要手術時機和手術方法選擇適當,也能達到很好的療效.     

Macular hole as a risk factor of choroidal detachment in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

PURPOSE: Choroidal detachment (CD) associated with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is a rare, but serious condition, which makes the prognosis worse. Previously reported risk factors for CD in RRD patients include high myopia, aphakia, pseudophakia, and advanced age. However, macular hole has not been discussed as an important factor in increasing the risk of CD in RRD patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate macular hole as a risk factor for CD in eyes evidencing RRD. METHODS: The medical records of 480 patients with primary RRD were reviewed. We compared the CD incidence among the RRD patients in accordance with the presence or absence of macular holes. The relationship between gender, age, presence of systemic disease, refractive errors, lens status, intraocular pressure and the development of CD were also analyzed. RESULTS: The incidence (4/21 eyes, 19.0%) of CD in the RRD with macular hole was significantly higher than that (7/459 eyes, 1.5%) observed in the RRD without macular hole (p=0.010). The preoperative intraocular pressure (mean+/-SD; 2.5+/-1.3 mmHg) in the RRD with CD and macular hole was significantly lower than that (7.4+/-4.4 mmHg) observed in the cases of RRD with CD without macular hole (p=0.035). The eyes complicated by CD evidenced a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (p=0.024) than was observed in the eyes without CD. CONCLUSIONS: The retinal detachment combined with macular hole creates a predisposition toward the development of profound hypotony and CD.     

巩膜外手术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离的临床分析

探讨两种巩膜外手术方式治疗孔源性视网膜脱离的效果。 方法：选取我院孔源性视网膜脱离（RRD）患者220例220眼,其中复杂性视网膜脱离70例70眼,非复杂性视网膜脱离150例150眼。分别实施巩膜环扎+外加压+冷凝+放液（或不放液）术及巩膜外加压+冷凝+放液（或不放液）术。 结果：两种手术方式对复杂性RRD和非复杂性RRD的效果均无统计学意义（P>0.05）,但非复杂性视网膜脱离患者一次性成功率为89.3％,而复杂性视网膜脱离患者一次性成功率仅为72.9％。 结论：巩膜外手术对非复杂性视网膜脱离是一种行之有效的手术。而巩膜环扎在视网膜脱离手术中并非完全必要     

Risk factors of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with choroidal detachment in Chinese patients

AIM: To comprehensively analyze the risk factors of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) associated with choroidal detachment (CD). METHODS: A total of 265 eyes of 265 consecutive cases of RRD were retrospectively analyzed. All patients had systemic and ophthalmologic examination. CD was diagnosed by indirect ophthalmoscopy, B-scan ultrasonography, and ultrasound biomicroscope (UBM). Each parameter was compared between patients of RRD and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with choroidal detachment (RRDCD). Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent risk factors of CD. RESULTS: There were 52 eyes (19.62%) with CD. Pseudophakia was more commonly seen in RRDCD (21.15% vs 6.10%, P=0.002). Intraocular pressure (IOP) was lower (8.60±3.62 vs 12.96±3.55, P<0.001), best-corrected visual acuity was worse [3.00 (2.00 to 3.00) vs 1.92 (1.22 to 3.00), P=0.001], and refractive error was more myopic [-4 (-9 to -2) vs -2 (-6 to 0), P=0.007] in RRDCD. Eyes with RRDCD had larger extent of retinal detachment (P=0.007). In RRDCD, 34.62% of eyes presented with multiple holes (P=0.044) and 25.00% with macular holes (P=0.012), compared with 20.66% and 14.08% in RRD. High myopia (P=0.039), low IOP (P=0.017), and larger extent of retinal detachment (P<0.001) were significant and independent risk factors for developing CD. CONCLUSION: For CD in RRD, related factors include BCVA, IOP, lens status, refractive error, extent of retinal detachment, number of holes, and macular hole. Larger extent of retinal detachment, high myopia, and low IOP are significant and independent risk factors.     

高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离合并脉络膜脱离的相关因素分析

目的 探讨高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离合并脉络膜脱离的相关危险因素,总结其临床特点及治疗方法.方法 连续收集合并脉络膜脱离的高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离的病例10例(A组),并以同一时期不伴脉络膜脱离的高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离病例12例为对照(B组),对比两组发病年龄、病程、术前屈光度、眼轴、眼压、视网膜脱离范围以及术后视网膜复位、视功能恢复等情况.结果 A组发病年龄大、近视度数高、眼压低、视网膜脱离范围大,与B组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中眼压差异显著(P<0.01);两组的一次玻璃体切割手术视网膜复位率相近,A组为80%,B组为83%,但A组术后视力≥0.02的比例低(P=0.048).结论 高度近视黄斑裂孑L性视网膜脱离一旦合并脉络膜脱离常伴有年龄大、病程长、近视度数高、视网膜脱离广泛和显著低眼压等特点.适时采用玻璃体切割合并硅油填充术可达到与不合并脉络膜脱离组相近的视网膜复位率,但视力预后仍较差.     

孔源性视网膜脱离不放液手术的效果分析及影响因素

目的 分析孔源性视网膜脱离不放液手术的效果和影响视网膜下液吸收,视网膜复位的因素。方法 １２６例ＲＲＤ采用视网膜冷凝,巩膜不扎,外加压,不放液的手术方法。结果 １次手术后１１９眼视网膜完全复位,２眼再次不放液手术后视网膜复位,总复位率为９３．１％,ＳＲＦ术后２４ｈ吸收３７眼,７天内吸收１０１眼,术后视力明显提高。     

高度近视合并脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离预后相关因素分析

目的 分析高度近视合并脉络膜脱离型孔源性视网膜脱离（RRD-CD） 患者的预后相关因素。设计 回顾性病例系列。研究对象 2004-2018年北京同仁医院高度近视合并RRD-CD患者占836例。方法 回顾北京同仁医院住院HIS系统,收集高度近视合并RRD-CD手术治疗患者临床资料。随访6个月视网膜复位为复位组,发生视网膜再脱离为未复位组。采用Logistic回归法分析视网膜脱离复发的危险因素。主要指标 手术成功率及复发危险因素。结果 共纳入高度近视合并RRD-CD患者836例,平均年龄（56.51±12.14）岁;男性518例（61.9%）,右眼发病434例 （51.9%）。视网膜脱离未复位为22.7%,与视网膜复位患者相比,未复位患者年龄较轻,术前视力、眼轴、晶状体状态、视网膜裂孔、增生性玻璃体视网膜病变（PVR）等级及手术方式等差异均有统计学意义,其中年龄〔优势比（OR）=0.972,95%可信区间（95%CI）,0.967~0.989〕,术前视力光感（OR=1.898,95%CI为1.297~2.777）,人工晶状体眼（OR=1.860,95%CI为1.255~2.758）,眼轴>30 mm（OR=1.718,95%CI为1.240~2.379）,巨大视网膜裂孔（OR=2.464,95%CI为1.495~4.063）及PVR D级（OR=1.551,95%CI为1.046~2.300）为视网膜脱离未复位的危险因素。结论 高度近视合并RRD-CD患者男性比例大,中年发病、超高度近视、人工晶状体眼、巨大视网膜裂孔及PVD D级患者首次手术成功率低,视网膜脱离易复发。（眼科,2021,30： 42-46）     

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in highly myopic eyes with implantable collamer lens

AIM: To investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment methods and outcomes of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in highly myopic eyes with implantable collamer lens (ICL). METHODS: High myopia patients who received treatment for nontraumatic RRD after ICL implantation surgery at the Retinal Department of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center from Jan 2018 to Dec 2022 were reviewed. Comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations including visual acuity measurement and digital fundus photography were performed in each patient. RESULTS: A total of nine RRD eyes from nine patients who received V4c-ICL implantation were included. The mean time from ICL implantation surgery to the diagnosis of RRD was 32.44±22.56mo (range, 1-60mo). At the initial visit for RRD, giant retinal tear (GRT), horseshoe tear, simple round hole, and horseshoe tear combined with round hole were detected in 3, 3, 2, and 1 eye(s), respectively, with macula-off in eyes. Eight patients received surgical treatment, and one patient was treated by retinal laser photocoagulation alone. The ICL was preserved in 7 eyes. At the last follow-up, the mean best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved significantly from 1.76±1.06 logMAR at presentation to 0.81±1.01 logMAR (P=0.035), and no case of recurrent retinal detachment was found. CONCLUSION: The morphological presentation of retinal breaks is diverse in this study. The ICL can be preserved in most cases during the course of retinal detachment repair surgery in our data, companied with acceptable visual and anatomical outcomes.     

下直肌牵引巩膜外垫压不放液手术治疗上方孔源性视网膜脱离

目的观察下直肌牵引及单纯巩膜外垫压不放液手术治疗上方孔源性视网膜脱离的临床效果。方法对上方孔源性视网膜脱离56例（56眼）术前进行下直肌缝线牵引制动，采用视网膜裂孔冷凝、巩膜环扎、外垫压及术中不放液的手术方法，对治疗结果进行分析。结果56例（56眼）经下直肌牵引制动3～5天后，52眼（92．86％）的视网膜脱离特别是上方球形脱离有明显消退，视网膜下液均有消散，其中28眼（50．00％）完全复位。53眼（94．64％）均行不放液术达到准确封闭孔源的目的。出院前治愈率为96．43％，未愈3．57％。结论下直肌缝线牵引制动可促进视网膜下液消退、平复，有利于术中裂孔准确定位、扣压位置适当，从而有效封闭裂孔。扩大了不放液手术适应范围，提高不放液手术成功率。