卡托普利对接触振动家兔血管内皮活性物质的影响

目的探讨小剂量卡托普利对接触振动家兔血管内皮活性物质的影响及其意义。方法将家兔分为接振对照组、实验组和无接振对照组,实验组与接振对照组分别进行强度10m/s2的接触振动实验。实验组在第11天起给予小剂量卡托普利。于接触振动前、接触振动后10d、20d、30d对各组家兔进行血浆内皮素(ET)和一氧化氮(NO)浓度的测定与分析。结果与接触振动前比较,接触振动20d、30d接振对照组血浆NO浓度显著下降(P<0.01)、ET浓度显著升高;实验组、无接振对照组在接触振动前后血浆NO、ET浓度差异无显著性。结论小剂量卡托普利可通过影响血管内皮活性物质,对接触振动家兔外周血管功能产生一定的保护作用。     

低温与振动联合作用对周围循环功能及神经功能的影响

目的 探讨低温与振动联合作用对家兔周围循环功能与神经功能的影响.方法 将64只家兔随机分为对照组、低温组、接振组以及联合作用组,每组16只.试验前后测定血浆中内皮素(ET)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ)、一氧化氮(NO)浓度以及感觉神经传导速度(SCV)、感觉神经动作电位波幅、感觉神经动作电位潜伏时、运动神经传导速度(MCV)、运动神经远端波幅、运动神经远端潜伏时的变化.结果 试验后低温组ET浓度、AngⅡ浓度、NO浓度以及SCV、动作电位波幅、动作电位潜伏时,MCV、远端波幅、远端潜伏时分别为(68.84±14.81)pg/ml、(544.01±70.20)pg/ml、(123.73±9.5s)nmol/ml、(25.36±6.96)m/s、(1.84±0.65)μV、(4.05±1.04)m/s、(27.40±6.05)m/s、(1.60±0.52)μV、(3.51±1.30)m/s;接振组分别为(70.22±15.02)pg/ml、(540.77±68.25)pg/ml、(129.46±11.99)nmol/ml、(27.69±6.16)m/s、(2.19±0.53)μV、(3.86±0.89)m/s、(30.03±5.21)m/s、(1.65±0.49)μV、(3.36±1.11)m/s;联合作用组分别为(88.47±13.20)pg/ml、(687.38±101.44)pg/ml、(70.66+4.99)nmol/ml、(20.82±3.65)m/s、(1.21±0.64)μV、(5.05±0.94)m/s、(19.97±4.37)m/s、(1.09±0.49)μV、(4.49±1.26)m/s.与试验前比较,试验后各试验组ET、AngⅡ浓度升高,NO浓度降低;神经传导速度减慢,波幅降低,潜伏时延长,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).试验后,联合作用组ET、Ang Ⅱ浓度高于低温组和接振组,NO浓度低于低温组和接振组;联合作用组SCV、MCV慢于低温组和接振组,感觉神经动作电位潜伏时、运动神经远端波幅低于低温组和接振组,感觉神经动作电位潜伏时、运动神经远端潜伏时长于低温组和接振组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).对各指标进行析因分析,结果显示,低温与振动间存在协同作用(P＜0.05).结论 低温能够加剧振动性周围循环功能与神经功能损伤.     

Responses of workers exposed to vibration in autonomic nervous function tests

Heart rate variation in quiet breathing and deep breathing tests and the response of blood pressure in a cold pressor test were measured in 34 railway workers and 13 lumberjacks. The age-adjusted results showed a significant relationship between exposure to hand-arm vibration and the coefficient of beat-to-beat variation in the quiet breathing test (CVS) in the railway workers. The vibration-induced white finger (VWF) and non-VWF subjects showed non-significant differences in respect of all the indices used. This investigation, in common with previous results, suggests that vibration might cause changes in cardiovascular reflexes, but the indices used here seem to be of low sensitivity, at least partially due to wide physiological variation; other more suitable indicators and studies of the pathophysiological background of the suspected effect are needed to confirm the results.     

体感诱发电位在腰椎间盘突出症术中监护的临床意义

目的探讨对腰椎间盘突出症进行术中体感诱发电位监护的临床意义。方法利用节段性皮神经刺激SEP技术对163例腰椎间盘突出症患者椎间盘切除术前、后进行检测随访,并将术中SEP监护组与非监护组的手术后功能改善结果进行对比。结果潜伏期缩短10%~15%或波幅增加>40%,提示愈后良好;监测电位指标平稳,或潜伏期缩短<10%,或波幅增加<30%,可继续进行手术操作,提示术后效果会受到轻度影响;监测电位指标出现暂时性波动,可在15~20 m in内恢复到基础电位,应在电位出现波动时暂停手术操作,提示术后效果会受到较大影响。结论节段性皮神经刺激SEP术中监护是腰椎间盘突出症手术中疗效评定和指导术中操作客观而有效的方法。     

Vibration perception thresholds in workers exposed to vibration

Summary The vibration perception thresholds (VPT) at six frequencies from 16 to 500 Hz were examined in 77 workers exposed to hand-arm vibration and in 77 controls using a limits procedure. A dose-response relationship between VPTs and exposure to vibration was found, and the age-adjusted VPTs at each frequency were higher in workers exposed to vibration than in controls. Carpal tunnel syndrome (at 250 Hz) and consumption of alcohol (at 125 Hz) significantly increased the VPT, but vibration-induced white finger was not correlated with VPT. Indices for low (16 and 32 Hz) and high (63–500 Hz) VPT frequencies were calculated to evaluate the entire vibrogram, which consisted of several frequencies with two numbers. The results showed that hand-arm vibration disturbs first the high frequencies, and that the disturbance spreads thereafter to the low frequencies. The characteristics of the VPT test regarding vibration exposure and the association between VPT and nerve symptoms in the hand support the view that VPT is a useful measure for vibration-induced sensory nerve damage.     

Visually-evoked P300 and NOGO potentials as indicators of central nervous system function in patients with vibration syndrome

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed at clarifying the effects of vibration syndrome (VS) on recognition, memory, and selective attention as well as suppression of hand movement in the central nervous system (CNS). METHODS: Sixty-four patients with VS due to previous exposure to vibration from chain-saw work (Ch) or rock drilling work (RD) and 53 age-matched controls were examined for visually evoked P300 (V-P300) and NOGO potentials (NOGO-P). The patient group was divided into two subgroups, one with VS due to Ch work (Ch group, N = 17) and the other with VS due to RD work (RD group, N = 44). RESULTS: ANOVA of latencies of V-P300 between three groups including two subgroups by vibration tools and controls was significant (P < 0.001), with significant difference between the control and RD subgroup (P < 0.001) and between the Ch and RD subgroups (P < 0.001). ANOVA of V-P300 amplitude was also significant (P < 0.001), with significant difference between the control group and RD subgroup (P = 0.042). NOGO-P was recorded in 28 of 37 controls (75.7%). Latencies of NOGO-P among VS patients were significantly delayed compared with those of controls (P = 0.0152). The proportions of subjects with abnormal values of V-P300 and NOGO-P among VS patients and RD operators were significantly higher than those in the control. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that VS affects CNS function as represented by V-P300 and NOGO-P.     

卡托普利对动脉粥样硬化兔心脏再灌注性心律失常的影响

目的探讨卡托普利对动脉粥样硬化兔在体心脏再灌注性心律失常的影响。方法32只新西兰大白兔随机分为对照组、胆固醇组及卡托普利加胆固醇组。分别测定不同实验阶段的血浆内皮素(ET)浓度,丙二醛(MDA)含量及一氧化氮(NO)浓度。记录在体心脏再灌注后30 m in内室性早搏(VES)出现次数及平均室性心动过速(VT)持续时间。结果⑴胆固醇组与卡托普利加胆固醇组比较,胆固醇组内皮素浓度、丙二醛含量显著性增高,一氧化氮浓度显著性降低;⑵卡托普利加胆固醇组心脏再灌注后室性早搏次数及平均室性心动过速持续时间显著少于胆固醇组。结论卡托普利可减轻动脉粥样硬化兔心脏再灌注性心律失常的发生。     

灭多威染毒家兔周围神经功能的变化

目的：探讨灭多威染毒家兔周围神经功能的变化，方法：以25mg/kg的灭多威对家兔进行皮肤染毒30min，测定染毒后家兔前肢与后肢运动神经的远端及近端潜伏时，传导速度以及骨骼肌肌电图变化。结果：与对照组及染毒前比较，前后肢运动神经远端，近端潜伏时明显延长，传导速度明显减慢（P＜0．05，P＜0．01），骨骼肌肌电图出现大量纤颤波和正锐波，结论：来多威染毒家兔周围神经功能有影响。     

维生素E对染铅兔周围神经功能的保护作用

目的在研究铅染毒机体脂质过氧化水平与周围神经功能关系的基础上,观察维生素E(VE)对染铅兔周围神经功能的保护作用。方法24只家兔随机分为3组,即单纯染铅组(Ⅰ)、铅+VE组(Ⅱ)和对照组。Ⅰ、Ⅱ组饮用0.1%醋酸铅水,Ⅱ组还予以VE皮下注射2 mg/(kg.bw),每周2次,对照组不予以铅染毒及VE保护,持续8周。测定股神经传导速度(NCV)及血浆、脑匀浆丙二醛(MDA)和总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)水平,分析MDA、T-SOD与NCV之间的关系。结果Ⅰ组NCV显著低于对照组(P<0.01)和Ⅱ组(P<0.01),NCV与血、脑MDA之间呈负相关关系(r=-0.408,-0.464,P<0.05),但各组间MDA、T-SOD差异均无统计学意义。结论铅染毒能引起NCV减慢,NCV减慢与脂质过氧化水平有关,脂质过氧化损伤可能是铅中毒性周围神经病的机制之一。VE能减轻铅的神经毒性,具有保护和改善周围神经功能的作用。     

躯体感觉诱发电位对神经根型颈椎病的早期诊断价值

目的 探讨躯体感觉诱发电位(SEP)对神经根型颈椎病(CSR)的早期诊断价值.方法 对65例病程3个月内的CSR患者(病例组)进行正中神经SEP(SEPm)的检测,并选取30例健康志愿者作为对照组.所有患者均行颈椎MRI检查,比较SEPm与MRI的检查结果,病程12个月时复查SEPm及MRI.结果 病例组SEPm检测N11、N13峰潜伏期及N9～N13峰间期在病程3个月内分别为(12.92±0.97)、(14.81±1.16)、(4.45±0.65)ms,在病程12个月时分别为(14.20±1.06)、(16.35±1.75)、(5.62±0.88)ms,均较对照组的(11.65±0.69)、(13.26±0.78)、(3.56±0.31)ms明显延长(P＜0.05),且病程12个月时较病程3个月内延长(P＜0.05).病例组在病程3个月内的SEPm阳性率为87.69%(57/65),明显高于MRI的70.77%(46/65),两者阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(x2=4.35,P＜0.05);在病程12个月时SEPm、MRI阳性率分别为90.77%(59/65)、81.54%(53/65),两者阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(x2=1.56,P＞0.05).结论 SEP对CSR的早期诊断有重要价值,可作为常规检查手段.