41例重症肌无力合并胸腺瘤的外科治疗

目的 总结重症肌无力合并胸腺瘤的外科治疗经验。方法 1992年5月～2003年lO月行扩大胸腺切除术治疗重症肌无力合并胸腺瘤病人4l例，按改良osseITnan标准分为Ⅰ型9例、Ⅱa型17例、Ⅱb型12例、Ⅲ型3例。随访结果按完全缓解、部分缓解、无效进行评价。结果 手术后完全缓解22．0％，部分缓解65．8％，无效12．2%，l例术后2年死亡。结论 合理选择病例，及早手术彻底，完善围术期管理，外科治疗重症肌无力合并胸腺瘤可获得良好的疗效。     

胸腺瘤合并重症肌无力外科治疗体会

[目的]总结胸腺瘤合并重症肌无力的治疗体会.[方法]对46例胸腺瘤合并重症肌无力患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.[结果]手术完全切除胸腺瘤42例(91%),部分切除4例,无手术死亡.随访1年至10年,平均5年,重症肌无力完全缓解40例(87%),其中Ⅰ型30例,Ⅱa型10例,部分缓解6例(13%),均为Ⅱb型,术后5年、10年生存分别为34例(74%)、12例(26%).[结论]胸腺瘤合并重症肌无力一旦确诊,应积极手术治疗,对术前胸腺瘤较大、且有浸润性生长时,可先给予放射治疗,术后发生肌无力危象,应及时予以辅助呼吸.重视围术期处理及术后综合治疗是提高治疗效果关键.     

胸腺扩大切除术治疗重症肌无力48例

目的总结胸腺扩大切除术在重症肌无力治疗中的经验。方法回顾性分析1993年-2008年本科收治的48例重症肌无力病人的临床资料。48例病人按改良Osserman标准分为Ⅰ型8例,Ⅱa型27例,Ⅱb型11例,Ⅲ型2例。均行扩大胸腺切除术,随访结果按完全缓解、部分缓解、无效进行评价。结果全部患者术后随访6-48个月,完全缓解15例,部分缓解27例,无效6例,总有效率87.5%。结论扩大胸腺切除术是治疗重症肌无力的有效方法。     

胸腺瘤合并重症肌无力外科治疗的临床研究

目的 探讨胸腺瘤合并重症肌无力手术治疗方法及预后.方法 对1986年1月～2008年12月收治48例胸腺瘤合并重症肌无力患者的手术治疗进行回顾性分析.结果 48例患者中,手术完全切除胸腺瘤44例(91.6%),有4例向上腔静脉、肺动脉浸润生长,而行部分切除;4例Ⅱb型发生重症肌无力危象,经行呼吸机辅助呼吸等治愈出院.随访1～10年,平均5年,42例(87.5%)肌力恢复正常,症状部分缓解,其中I型32例,Ⅱa型10例;6例(12.5%)肌力较前改善,症状完全缓解,均为Ⅱb型患者.术后5年、10年生存分别为36例(75%)、14例(29%).结论 胸腺瘤合并重症肌无力的围手术期处理至关重要,术后一旦发生重症肌无力危象,应及时给予辅助呼吸等.对病情较重的重症肌无力,应行预防性气管切开.     

胸腺瘤合并重症肌无力手术治疗及围手术期处理

目的 总结胸腺瘤合并重症肌无力的围手术期处理方法及外科治疗经验.方法 对1994年1月～2008年1月接受手术治疗的18例胸腺瘤合并重症肌无力患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 本组无围手术期死亡病例,所有患者随访1年半,3例术后早期发生重症肌无力危象,经呼吸机辅助呼吸等抢救治疗痊愈.手术后重症肌无力症状完全缓解9例,部分缓解5例,无效4例,在术后4个月因重症肌无力、发生肺部感染及呼吸衰竭死亡1例,还有1例术后半年死于肿瘤远处转移.其余16例情况良好,有效率77.7%.结论 扩大胸腺切除术与术后肿瘤的综合治疗是提高疗效的有效手段,加强围手术期处理可以防治并发症及危象.     

重症肌无力合并胸腺瘤17例外科治疗效果观察

目的探讨重症肌无力（MG）合并胸腺瘤外科治疗效果。方法回顾性分析采用外科治疗的17例MG合并胸腺瘤患者的临床资料。结果本组3例术后并发肌无力危象及肺部感染,1例死亡;本组均获得随访,随访时间为12～24个月,完全缓解5例,部分缓解9例,无效2例,死亡1例。2例III期患者术后3年复发并转移至肺,MG表现为IIb型,经再次姑息切除,至今己1年余,症状完全缓解。结论严格把握适应证、及早手术彻底及完善围术期管理。     

重症肌无力外科治疗21例临床分析

目的总结手术治疗重症肌无力的临床经验。方法回顾性分析1991年5月—2007年12月间行全胸腺切除加前纵隔脂肪组织清扫术21例重症肌无力病人临床资料。按改良OSEIMAN标准分为Ⅰ型9例,Ⅱa型5例,Ⅱb型5例,Ⅲ型2例。随访结果按完全缓解、改善、无效进行评价。结果手术后完全缓解6例,改善9例,无效4例,死亡2例。结论全胸腺切除加前纵隔脂肪组织清扫手术是治疗重症肌无力的有效方法,除无胸腺瘤的单纯眼肌型肌无力病人需慎重考虑是否手术外,对其他重症肌无力病人应及早手术治疗,并加强围手术期管理,积极防治肌无力危象。     

胸腺瘤合并重症肌无力的外科治疗（附21例报告）

目的 总结重症肌无力合并胸腺瘤的外科治疗经验.方法回顾1996～2006年我院及达州市中心医院收治的重症肌无力合并胸腺瘤21例,分析其手术方式、围术期处理和并发症.结果 21例均行胸腺扩大切除术,全组无围术期死亡.术后早期发生肌无力危象2例,经延长呼吸机辅助通气治疗安全度过围术期.出院后进行定期随访,随访时间6个月～6年.完全缓解12例,改善7例,无效2例.结论 外科手术彻底切除治疗胸腺瘤合并重症肌无力可获得良好的疗效.充分的术前准备、完善围术期管理可以减少肌无力危象的发生.     

30例胸腺瘤合并重症肌无力的外科治疗

目的:探讨胸腺瘤合并重症肌无力(MG)的诊断及外科治疗经验。方法:回顾分析我院1996年6月至2008年10月手术治疗的30例胸腺瘤合并MG的临床资料,分析其临床特点、手术原则及围手术期处理等。结果:本组30例,术后重症肌无力症状完全缓解16例,改善8例,无效4例,死亡2例。其中术后早期发生重症肌无力危象7例,经气管切开、辅助呼吸等抢救治疗后痊愈5例,2例死亡;术后发生MG危象23.3%,病死率为6.6%。结论:胸部CT检查有助于早期发现胸腺瘤。手术治疗胸腺瘤合并MG可获良好疗效。合理的围手术期处理、手术切除的彻底性与胸腺瘤合并MG的疗效密切相关。     

胸腺瘤合并重症肌无力的外科治疗

目的:总结胸腺瘤合并重症肌无力病人的围手术期处理方法及效果.方法回顾分析26例胸腺瘤伴重症肌无力病人的手术治疗,占同期收治胸腺瘤病人的31.7%.按Osser man临床分型Ⅰ型7例,ⅡA型13例,ⅡB型5例,Ⅲ型1例.结果:无手术死亡.术后早期发生肌无力危象2例,死亡1例.术后随访21例,17例症状消失,4例缓解.结论:加强围手术期处理,减少肌无力危象的发生是降低手术并发症及死亡率的关键.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.