BacT/Alert 240全自动血培养仪的临床应用及评价

目的：评价全自动血培养仪BacT/Alert 240的临床应用情况，方法：回顾性分析BacT/Alert240全自动血培养系统检测7124份标本的阳性率，阳性检出时间，细菌种类以及假阳性率，假阴性率和污染率，结果：7124份血培养分离到804株微生物，其中细菌764株，阳性率11．5％，最快阳性检出时间2小时，24小时内检出的阳性占69．9％，48小时内占87．3％，72小时内占91．3％，804株细菌分布于24个属，假阳性率4．9％，假阴性率0．4％，污染率0．3％，结论：BacT/Alert 240全自动血培养仪提高了血培养的阳性率，缩短了阳性检出时间，检出细菌种类多尤其是苛养菌阳性率增加，减少污染机会，而且操作简便，结果快速，准确。     

上海某医院2011年1至5月住院病例2044份血及体液标本血培养结果分析

目的监测和分析上海市公共卫生临床中心血及体液标本血培养分离各种细菌的分布趋势,评价全自动血培养仪阳性结果中的菌群类型和假阳性/假阴性情况。方法采用法国生物梅里埃公司全自动血培养仪和细菌鉴定仪对2011年1至5月收集的2 044份血及体液标本进行培养和鉴定,并进行结果分析。结果不同标本的细菌阳性检出率不同,穿刺液标本的细菌阳性检出率最高(38.10%),其次为血液标本(30.74%)。共分离出231株细菌,总阳性检出率为11.30%,均为单一菌种。其中凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌最多(41.13%),其次为真菌(18.18%),金黄色葡萄球菌所占比例最少(0.87%)。结论了解血及体液标本培养的菌群类型和分布情况,对致病菌和污染菌进行综合鉴别和分析,将有助于指导或帮助临床用药,预防败血症的发生。     

儿童和成人血液病患者血培养病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的了解儿童和成人血液病患者血流感染的病原菌分布及耐药性,为减少血流感染、合理用药提供依据。方法对该院2015年1月至2016年5月儿童及成人住院患者送检的血培养标本,使用BACTEC-9120及BACTEC-9240全自动血培养仪培养,用VITEK2全自动微生物鉴定系统进行菌种鉴定和药敏试验。结果儿童和成人血培养阳性率分别为8.38%和9.15%。儿童革兰阳性菌占55.6%,阴性菌占44.4%。成人革兰阳性菌占24.6%,阴性菌占74.1%,真菌1.8%。成人和儿童大肠埃希菌中产超广谱β内酰胺酶(ESBL)的构成比分别为52.3%和48.3%。产ESBL的肺炎克雷伯构成比为25.7%和5.9%。成人大肠埃希菌对阿莫西林/克拉维酸、氨苄西林/舒巴坦、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢他啶、头孢唑肟、头孢吡肟、氨曲南、妥布霉素、左氧氟沙星、莫西沙星、诺氟沙星、复方磺胺甲噁唑的耐药率均高于儿童。结论血液病患儿血培养以革兰阳性菌为主,凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(CNS)占第一位,成人血培养以革兰阴性杆菌为主,大肠埃希菌占第一位。对革兰阴性杆菌,儿童和成人患者部分药物存在差异,应根据药敏试验结果合理选用抗菌药物。     

280例血培养阳性标本细菌分布及耐药性分析

目的了解本院血培养阳性标本细菌分布及耐药情况。方法总结2006年7月至2008年6月本院门诊、住院患者送检的血培养阳性标本,采用VITEK32全自动细菌分析仪进行鉴定及药敏试验。结果280例血培养阳性标本中革兰阳性菌200例,占71．4％,以凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌为主,对第1代头孢耐药率较高;革兰阴性菌80例,占28．6％,以大肠埃希菌、克雷伯菌属为主。结论血培养分离的病原菌以革兰阳性茼为主,病原菌种类较多,耐药率较高。掌握败血症主要病原菌的耐药性对指导临床用药有一定的作用。     

儿童血培养病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的了解患儿近5年血培养病原菌分布及耐药情况。方法无菌采集患儿血液标本,37℃培养7d,采用血平板和巧克力平板转种病原菌,采用自动微生物鉴定仪对病原菌进行鉴定和药敏实验。结果 2009~2013年共送检36 636份血培养标本,检出病原菌2 107株,阳性率为5.75%。其中,革兰阳性菌1 413株(占67.06%)、革兰阴性菌626株(占29.71%)、真菌68株(占3.23%)。主要的分离菌为凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(44.03%),其次是大肠埃希菌(9.33%)、金黄色葡萄球菌(6.46%)、肺炎克雷伯菌(5.74%)和肠球菌属(4.94%)。大部分革兰阴性菌对氨苄西林耐药,大部分革兰阳性菌对青霉素耐药。结论革兰阳性球菌是该院患儿血培养的主要病原菌。大部分病原菌对常用抗菌药物耐药率较高。     

儿童血培养的病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的 分析住院患儿血培养的病原菌分布及耐药特点,指导临床抗菌剂的合理应用.方法 采用BACTEC 9240全自动血培养仪和MicroScan WalkAway 96SI全自动微生物鉴定系统进行病原菌的培养和鉴定,用K-B法进行细菌药敏实验.结果 5 750例血培养中379例检出阳性,阳性率为6.59%.共检出病原菌381株,包括革兰阳性菌260株,占68.24%;革兰阴性菌81株,占21.26%;真菌40株,占10.50%.按年龄分组,各年龄段患儿检出的病原菌均以凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌居多,又各有其分布特点;凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌对万古霉素、利奈唑胺和替考拉宁敏感,对β-内酰胺类和大环内酯类耐性率高(>80.00%);大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌均未分离出亚胺培南耐药菌株,两者对头孢菌素类抗菌剂耐药严重.结论 儿童血培养分离的病原菌以革兰阳性菌为主,常见的病原菌凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌均对多数常用抗菌剂耐药严重.     

血培养检出细菌的变迁及耐药性分析

我们总结了 1997～ 2 0 0 1年我院血培养检出菌情况 ,探讨5年来感染菌种构成比变化规律以及患者病区分布情况 ,并统计分析了近年血培养常见检出菌耐药性情况 ,以供临床治疗参考。一、材料和方法1.菌株 :1997～ 2 0 0 1年我院临床微生物室血培养检出菌。2 .仪器 :ＢＡＣＴＥＣ912 0血培养箱 ,美国ＢＤ公司产品 ;ＶＩＴＥＫ 32微生物全自动分析仪 ,为生物梅里埃公司产品。3 .方法 :利用ＢＡＣＴＥＣ 912 0血培养箱进行 2 4ｈ电脑连续监测 ,ＡＰＩ鉴定系统及微生物全自动分析仪ＶＩＴＥＫ 32鉴定细菌种类及药敏测试。部分通过纸片扩散法测试 ,…     

血培养检出121株细菌分析

血培养是诊断败血症的常规方法。本室自1987年7月～1988年11月共收到血培养标本544份,分离出121株细菌,我们就其有关资料总结如下: 一、材料与方法 1)葡萄糖肉汤:每瓶30ml,至4℃冰箱备用。 2)检验程序:取病人静脉血3ml,注入肉汤瓶中,至35℃恒温培养,见有细菌生长现象即时转种至血平板,根据菌落生长特点进行鉴定和药物敏感试验(纸片法)。     

细菌在血培养仪上生长曲线的特点分析

目的 观察血培养生长曲线，协助判断细菌类型。方法 将血培养阳性标本252例，按照细菌的生长曲线的三个阶段——迟缓期、生长期、稳定期进行分析^[1]。结果 肠杆菌科的迟缓期极短，生长期生长迅速，甚至见不到稳定期。葡萄球菌的生长期曲线有一定的倾斜(K值在l左右)。酵母菌的曲线较圆滑，生长期出现较晚。链球菌曲线很象葡萄球菌，但生长期较陡。非发酵菌生长期(△CO2)所对应的纵轴较短，有时还出现两段生长曲线。厌氧菌总有一个具有波峰波谷类似正弦波。结论 观察生长曲线可能推断细菌类型。     

BaCT/Alert全自动血培养系统在儿科中的应用研究

目的评价BacT/A1ert连续监测血培养系统检出儿科常见血培养分离菌的孵育时间.方法分析BacT/Alert全自动血培养系统检出1 426份新生儿和小儿阳性血培养瓶败血症病原菌的检出时间特点.结果1 426份新生儿和小儿血培养标本被系统检出阳性培养瓶133份,分离阳性率9.33%,其中革兰阳性菌占75.8%、革兰阴性菌占21.9%、真菌占2.3%;133份阳性培养瓶被系统于12,24,36,48,72 h及96 h的检出率分别为10.4%,67.5%,85.4%,93.7%,96.7%和99.7%.结论BacT/AlerT全自动血培养系统可在48 h以内检出93.7%的儿科败血症重要病原菌,实验室可在系统监测2 d后发出血培养的一级报告,48 h系统监测结果为阴性的培养瓶可能培养出真菌、四联球菌、溶血巴斯德菌及某些认为是污染的革兰阳性杆菌,可将系统监测时间确定为5 d.     

Asynchronous Testing of 2 Specimen-Diversion Devices to Reduce Blood Culture Contamination: A Single-Site Product Supply Quality Improvement Project

ObjectiveBlood culture contamination above the national threshold has been a consistent clinical issue in the ED setting. Two commercially available devices were examined that divert an initial small volume of the specimen before the collection of blood culture to reduce skin contamination.MethodsProspectively, 2 different blood culture–diversion devices were made available in the unit supplies to ED clinicians at a single site during 2 different periods of time as a follow-up strategy to an ongoing quality improvement project. Blood samples were collected in the emergency department over a period of 16 months. A retrospective record review study was conducted comparing the use of the 2 specimen-diversion devices with no device (control group) for blood culture contamination rates. The main outcome of monthly blood culture contamination per device was tested using a Bayesian Poisson multilevel regression model.ResultsA total of 4030 blood samples were collected and analyzed from November 2017 to February 2019. The model estimated that the mean incidence of contaminated blood draws in the device A group was 0.29 (0.14-0.55) times the incidence of contaminated draws in the control group. The mean incidence of contaminated blood draws in the device B group was 0.23 (0.13-0.37) times the incidence of contaminated draws in the control group, suggesting that initial-diversion methods reduced blood culture contamination.ConclusionInitial specimen–diversion devices supplement present standard phlebotomy protocols to bring down the blood culture contamination rate.     

Blood culture examinations at a community hospital without a microbiology laboratory: using an automated blood culture system and performing a Gram stain on positive culture bottles in the institution

To elucidate the existence of microorganisms from blood culture bottles in hospitals without a microbiology laboratory, we changed the system of blood culture examinations. The Oxoid signal blood culture system and submission of all blood cultures to the clinical testing industry was used from July 2002 to December 2002 (first period). Use of the BacT/Alert system and performing of Gram stain for positive culture bottles in our institutions was conducted from January 2003 to June 2003 (latter period). A total of 210 and 193 blood cultures were processed during the first and latter periods, respectively. There were 40 (19.0%) positive cultures in the first period and 32 (16.6%) positive cultures in the latter period. The times from the specimen collection to the Gram stain result that were required were 3.8 and 1.0 days in the first period and the latter period, respectively. The times required for the final report of the blood cultures in the first period and in the latter period were 5.8 and 4.9 days, respectively. We conclude that using a continuous monitoring, automated blood culture system and performing Gram stain for positive culture bottles in institutions without microbiology laboratories may be useful for medical doctors to rapidly determine the existence of microorganisms and to begin adequate antiinfective therapy.     

近5年血培养中细菌分布及耐药性分析

目的监测和分析本院近5年来感染患者血培养中的病原菌分布和耐药特点,为临床抗感染治疗提供依据。方法血标本采用BACTEC9120全自动血培养仪培养,采用VITEK系统鉴定细菌,Kirby-Bauer琼脂扩散法进行体外药敏试验,应用WHONET5.3软件分析血培养标本所分离病原菌的分布和药敏结果。结果从2004年10月～2009年9月,血培养共检出985株病原菌,其中革兰阳性球菌487株,占49.4%;革兰阴性杆菌453株,占46.0%;真菌45株,占4.6%,检出的前几位细菌分别为凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、肠球菌属、克雷伯菌属、金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌。中心重症监护室（ICU）、急诊科病房、血液科病房分离菌所占比例分别为23.1%、13.8%、12.7%。大肠埃希菌中ESBLs的检出率为36.9%,克雷伯菌属中ESBLs的检出率为32.8%,葡萄球菌中MRSA的检出率为21.2%,MRCNS的检出率为76.3%。亚胺培南与美罗培南对大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌作用效果较好,葡萄球菌属对万古霉素100.0%敏感,其余抗菌药物均有不同程度的耐药。结论血培养分离的病原菌以革兰阳性菌为主,且菌种多样化,具有较高的耐药率,提示临床医生应做血培养,以合理应用抗菌药物,防止抗生素滥用及新耐药菌株的产生。     

102例儿童血液病的骨髓细胞学调查

目的分析儿童血液病的种类构成情况及其主要的临床表现,为临床及时、准确诊治儿童血液病提供依据。方法对本院2003年1月至2006年12月间初次前来诊治的102例儿童血液病患者的骨髓血细胞学结果进行回顾性分析。结果年龄介于1个月-10岁之间,平均年龄3.7岁;男:女比例为1.76:1。其中红细胞系统方面疾病占27.5%(28/102),白细胞系统疾病25.5%(26/102),巨核细胞与血小板方面39.2%(40/102)其它方面7.8%(8/102)。有肝大者45例(44.8%),有出血者42例(41.2%),发热者37例(36.3%),贫血者37例(26.5%)。结论儿童血液系统疾病男性高于女性;以血小板方面最多,红细胞系统与白细胞系统方面,次之。最主要的临床体征是肝大、出血、发热、贫血以及脾大、淋巴结大。     

ESP全自动血培养仪的临床应用及评价

目的　评价ESP全自动血培养仪(简称ESP)临床应用情况。方法　用ESP检测2147份血标本,观 察其阳性检出率、检出时间,并对所检出细菌的种类及阳性率进行分析。结果　2147份血标本中ESP提示阳性 322例,分离出294株细菌,阳性率为13.7%,最快检出时间为2h,24h内检出的阳性数占60.5%,48h内检出 的阳性数占83.3%,72h检出的阳性数占99%。假阳性率为0.87%。未发现假阴性。结论　应用ESP有较高 阳性检出率,缩短了培养时间,增加了检出细菌的种类,结果快速、准确。     

Verification of quality assurance for blood culture surveillance using 6 years of data from the Japan Infection Prevention and Control Conference for National and Public University Hospitals

The importance of blood culture has been widely recognized, and there is a need for monitoring to evaluate the accuracy of blood culture that reflects domestic healthcare systems. In this study, we assessed 6-year trends in blood culture quality assurance data. The Japan Infection Prevention and Control Conference for National and Public University Hospitals conducted yearly blood culture surveillance at 52 national public university hospitals from 2015 to 2020. Statistical analysis showed that comparison with the previous year showed significant differences in the number of blood cultures per 1000 patient-days in all years. The number of blood cultures per 1000 admissions was not significantly different in 2017 and 2018, but significant differences were shown in all other years. The multiple blood culture set rate was significantly different between non-pediatric inpatients and outpatients but not between pediatric inpatients and outpatients. The contamination rate did not differ significantly. For all parameters, significant differences were found when comparing 2015 and 2020. Our survey showed that although the sample number improved over time, even the most recent values for 2020 were lower than Cumitech's targets. It is difficult to assess whether these sample numbers are appropriate because target values have not been set for the various types of hospitals in Japan. Surveillance is a useful tool for monitoring quality assurance for blood culture. All parameters improved over the 6-year period, but it is necessary to establish a benchmark for evaluating optimization. We will continue to monitor quality assurance and work on setting benchmarks.     

血液感染病原菌的分布及耐药性分析

目的对XX医院近3年来血液感染病原菌的分布和耐药情况进行统计和分析,为临床合理使用抗生素提供依据。方法患者血培养标本经BacT/Alert 3D血培养仪培养,分离所得菌株用法国梅里埃API系统进行鉴定,后用K-B法进行药敏试验。结果 1 111例标本培养阳性,其中革兰阳性菌361株,占32.5%;革兰阴性菌510株,占45.9%;真菌162株,占14.6%。药敏结果显示,G＋菌对青霉素类耐药严重,碳青霉烯类仍是治疗G-菌感染的敏感药物,真菌对抗生素仍保持较高敏感率。结论近3年来XX医院血液感染致病菌以革兰阴性菌为主,且菌种多样化,有较高耐药率,提示应定期对血液感染病原菌的分布和耐药情况进行监测。