腹主动脉灌注不同剂量异丙酚对兔脊髓缺血再灌注损伤的作用

目的研究腹主动脉灌注不同剂量异丙酚对兔脊髓缺血再灌注损伤的作用。方法健康新西兰大耳白兔60只,随机分为6组（n=10）：生理盐水组（NS组）、10％脂肪乳组（P0组）、异丙酚30mg/kg组（P30组）、异丙酚40mg/kg组（P40组）、异丙酚50mg/kg组（P50组）、异丙酚60mg/kg组（P（60）组）。P30组、P40组、P50组以10％脂肪乳稀释异丙酚至6ml/kg,NS组和P0组分别给予等容量生理盐水或脂肪乳。采用左肾动脉远端阻断腹主动脉同时阻断左、右髂总动脉的方法建立脊髓缺血再灌注损伤模型。经股动脉置入导管,自缺血即刻开始向阻断部位远端以12 ml·kg^-1·h^-1的速率分别灌注上述溶液,观察血液动力学变化,30 min后开放血管行再灌注,并于动物清醒即刻、再灌注6、24、48 h按Tarlov标准进行神经行为学评分。再灌注48 h,全麻下取L（4～6）脊髓组织,光镜下观察脊髓前角病理学改变,并进行正常运动神经元计数。结果与NS组或P0组比较,P30组、P40组、P50组和P（60）组神经行为学评分及脊髓前角正常运动神经元计数升高,其中P50组最高（P＜0．05）;截瘫率降低,其中P50组最低（P＜0．05）;再灌注期间P30组、P40组、P50组和P（60）组MAP降低,其中P（60）组最低（P＜0．05）。结论缺血期间腹主动脉灌注异丙酚30～60 mg/kg可减轻兔脊髓缺血再灌注损伤,且与剂量有关,剂量为60 mg/kg时,可引起再灌注期间低血压。     

异丙酚对脊髓兴奋性氨基酸含量的影响

目的 观察异丙酚对兔缺血再灌注损伤脊髓的保护作用以及对兴奋性氨基酸(excitatory amino acid,EAA)的影响.方法 健康新西兰大白兔60只,雌雄各半,体重2.0～2.5 kg.采用左肾下腹主动脉阻断法建立脊髓缺血再灌注损伤模型,阻断开始即泵入灌注液6 mL/kg(不足部分均以10%脂肪乳补充),灌注速度12 mL/(kg·h),30 min后停止灌注,开放腹主动脉.根据灌注液的不同,随机分为生理盐水组(A组)、10%脂肪乳组(B组)、30 mg/kg异丙酚组(C组)、40 mg/kg异丙酚组(D组)、50 mg/Kg异丙酚组(E组)及60 mg/kg异丙酚组(F组),每组10只.分别记录麻醉清醒即刻、再灌注后6、24和48 h兔神经行为学评分;于再灌注后48 h取L4～6节段脊髓组织计数脊髓前角正常神经元;采用高效液相色谱法测定脊髓组织中EAA含量.结果 C、D、E、F组各时间点神经行为学评分明显优于A、B组(P＜0.05),E组评分最高(P＜0.05),A、B组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).C、D、E、F组脊髓前角正常神经元明显多于A、B组(P＜0.05),且E组多于C、D、F组(P＜0.05).A、B、C、D、E、F组脊髓组织EAA含量均明显高于正常值,其中A、B组最高(P＜0.05),但A、B组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);E组最低(P＜0.05).谷氨酸、天门冬氨酸含量均与脊髓前角正常神经元计数及再灌注后48 h神经行为学评分成负相关,相关系数分别为-0.613、-0.536、-0.874及0.813(P＜0.01).结论 异丙酚能降低缺血再灌注脊髓组织中EAA含量,减轻脊髓缺血再灌注损伤.     

一氧化氮(NO)在脊髓缺血再灌注损伤中作用的实验研究

目的　研究一氧化氮 (NO)在脊髓缺血再灌注损伤中的作用。方法　夹闭大鼠腹主动脉制成缺血再灌注模型 ,随机分成L -NAME组和再灌注组 ,L -NAME组每日腹腔注射一氧化氮合酶(NOS)非特异性抑制剂L -硝基精氨酸甲酯 (L -NAME) 10mg/kg体重 ,两周时取大鼠脊髓做NOS免疫组织化学染色、组织学及超微病理观察。结果　脊髓缺血再灌注后前角运动神经元出现固有型一氧化氮合酶 (cNOS)阳性表达 ,同时伴随前角运动神经元损伤 ;应用L -NAME后可减少cNOS的异常表达 ,减轻前角运动神经元损伤。结论　局部组织中NO产生增多可能是脊髓再灌注损伤的机制之一。     

腹主动脉局部灌注丙泊酚减轻脊髓缺血-再灌注损伤的研究

目的 建立兔脊髓缺血-再灌注损伤模型,研究经腹主动脉局部灌注丙泊酚对脊髓缺血-再灌注损伤的作用。方法 新西兰大耳白兔30只,随机均分为A、B、C三组,诱导后气管插管,持续监测平均动脉压、心率、脉搏血氧饱和度及肛温。左股动脉切开置管至腹主动脉分出左肾动脉远端1．0cm处,于左肾动脉开口远端0．5cm处阻断腹主动脉,同时阻断双侧髂总动脉,自阻断即刻开始经置入导管分别向阻断的腹主动脉远端灌注5ml／kg丙泊酚溶液（A组）、10％脂肪乳（B组）和生理盐水（C组）,30min后开放。于动物完全清醒即刻、再灌注后6、24和48h对双后肢神经功能进行评分,光镜观察脊髓前角正常运动神经元并计数。结果 清醒即刻、再灌注后6、24和48hA组神经行为学评分明显高于B和C组（P〈0．05）,B、C两组比较差异无统计学意义。三组脊髓前角正常运动神经元中位数分别为11、1和0,A组明显高于B、C两组（P〈0．05）。结论 腹主动脉阻断期间经阻断的腹主动脉局部灌注丙泊酚可减轻脊髓缺血一再灌注损伤。     

异丙酚对脊髓缺血再灌注损伤大鼠脊髓细胞凋亡的影响

目的 探讨异丙酚对脊髓缺血再灌注损伤大鼠脊髓细胞凋亡的影响。方法成年雄性清洁级Wiser大鼠60只，体重200～250g，随机分为异丙酚组（A组）和缺血再灌注组（B组），每组30只，采用改进的Zivin等的方法制备脊髓缺血再灌注模型，缺血的同时A组腹腔注射异丙酚100mg/kg，B组注射等量生理盐水。每组分别于再灌注6h、1d、2d、3d、7d时处死6只大鼠。根据Tador评分评价大鼠后肢神经功能损伤情况，电镜下观察脊髓的病理学变化，用免疫组化法测定脊髓cyclinD1阳性细胞表达，原位末端标记法（TUNEL法）检测凋亡细胞，计算凋亡指数。结果A组脊髓损伤及后肢神经功能损伤均较B组轻，A组脊髓神经细胞凋亡指数及cyclinD1表达均低于B组（P〈0．05或0．01）。结论异丙酚对脊髓缺血再灌注损伤有一定的保护作用，其机制与下调脊髓cyclinD1表达，抑制神经细胞亡有关。     

异丙酚腹主动脉灌注和静脉输入在兔脊髓组织内药物浓度的比较

目的 测定腹主动脉灌注与静脉输入异丙酚在缺血再灌注脊髓损伤组织内的药物浓度,探讨其可能的作用部位.方法 取健康4～6月龄新西兰大白兔46只,体重2.0～2.5 kg,随机分为生理盐水组(N组,n=10)、异丙酚腹主动脉灌注组(A组,n=18)、异丙酚静脉输入组(V组,n=18)组.建立肾下腹主动脉阻断脊髓缺血再灌注损伤模型,A组经腹主动脉阻断远端持续泵入异丙酚(50 mg/kg)30 min,N组泵入同等容量的生理盐水,V组经静脉持续泵入异丙酚(50 mg/kg)30 min.测定再灌注即刻A组和V组L4～6节段和T6～8节段的脊髓组织中异丙酚浓度,观察再灌注后48 h 3组动物的神经行为学评分和组织病理学变化,并计数脊髓前角正常神经元.结果 3组在腹主动脉阻断后平均动脉压均有一定程度的降低,其中V组降低幅度最明显,阻断5min后显著低于N组,阻断10min后低于同时间点A组(P＜0.05);A组在阻断15 min后显著低于N组(P＜0.05).N、A组组内不同时间点心率与基础心率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);V组于阻断期间心率增加明显,于阻断15 min开始心率明显高于同时间点的N组和A组(P＜0.05).A组与N组间心率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),A组L4～6节段脊髓组织异丙酚浓度为(26 950.5±30 242.3)ng/g,显著高于T6～8节段的(3 587.4±2 479.3)ng/g、V组L4～6节段的(3 045.9±2 252.9)ng/g及T6～8节段的(3 181.1±1 720.9)ng/g,比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).神经行为学观察显示,A组动物术后截瘫率为30%,明显低于N组的80%和V组的100%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);N、V组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).A组脊髓前角正常神经元计数为8.4(4.0～11.5),明显多于N组的2.2(0～4.3)和V组的1.9(0～4.0),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),N、V组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 异丙酚腹主动脉灌注较静脉输入能获得更高的靶器官药物浓度,对缺血再灌注损伤脊髓具有更好的保护作用.     

甘草酸二铵对大鼠脊髓缺血再灌注损伤后运动神经元Caspase-3表达的影响

目的:观察甘草酸二铵(DG)对大鼠脊髓缺血再灌注损伤后脊髓前角运动神经元Caspase-3表达的影响.方法:60只大鼠随机分为3组,每组20只.两组采用手术夹闭大鼠左右肾动脉之间的腹主动脉30min致脊髓缺血,然后松开再灌注,其中一组在缺血前10min舌下静脉注射DG 20mg/kg(DG干预组),一组仅造成脊髓缺血损伤(损伤组);另一组打开腹腔后即关腹,不进行缺血再灌注(正常对照组).分别于术后3、24、72、168h处死大鼠取腰段脊髓行免疫组化染色,观察脊髓前角Caspase-3光密度变化情况;、168h处死动物前先采用Behrmann 5点评分法评定大鼠后肢功能.结果:损伤组与干预组72h时后肢功能评分分别为4.2±0.45分、5.8±1.1分:168h时分别为5±0分、6.2±1.3分,两组相同时间比较有显著性差异.Caspase-3表达位于脊髓前角运动神经元胞浆.术后3、24、72、168h,正常对照组前角运动神经元的平均光密度为0.13±0.04、0.15±0.06、0.13±0.06、0.15±0.06,损伤组为0.18±0.04、0.18±0.03、0.20±0.04、0.20±0.05,DG干预组为0.17±0.06、0.15±0.02、0.16±0.04、0.15±0.02,损伤组各时间点与对照比较均有显著性差异,DG干预组在24、72、168h与损伤组比较差异有显著性.结论:DG可下调凋亡信号转导通路中Caspase-3的表达水平,从而抑制脊髓前角神经元凋亡的发生.     

抑肽酶预处理对家兔脊髓缺血再灌注损伤早期脊髓神经功能及病理学的改善

目的 观察抑肽酶预处理对兔脊髓缺血再灌注损伤后早期脊髓神经功能及病理学的影响,为临床应用抑肽酶治疗脊髓缺血再灌注损伤提供实验依据.方法 国产大耳白兔21只,随机分为实验组(8只)、对照组(8只)和假手术组(5只).实验组,缺血60min,再灌注24h,于缺血前10min静脉注射抑肽酶30000kIU/kg,继而用Graseby3500微量泵持续注入抑肽酶10000kIU/(kg·h)直至实验结束.对照组,缺血及再灌注时间、方法同实验组,唯一不同的是对照组用生理盐水代替实验组的抑肽酶.空白组,只暴露腹主动脉,不夹闭,不给药.缺血前、再灌注8h、24h耳缘动脉抽取动脉血3ml形MDA及SOD检查,4h、8h、12h及24h行后肢运动功能评分.再灌注24h处死动物,取动物腰段脊髓(L3-L4)进行病理学处理,光镜、电镜下观察脊髓前角运动神经元数量及形态变化.结果 再灌注后8h、24h,实验组MDA含量明显减少,而SOD活力增加(P<0.05).12h、24h.后肢运动功能改善(P<0.05).病理学观察,脊髓前角运动神经元计数实验组较对照组增高(P<0.05),细胞凋亡减少,形态正常.结论 抑肽酶预处理可以明显降低缺血再灌注后脊髓组织中MDA含量、提高SOD活力、改善后肢运动功能,减少再灌注后细胞的坏死和凋亡,保护神经组织的功能.     

腹主动脉灌注丙泊酚减轻脊髓缺血-再灌注损伤与抗氧化和减轻钙超载的关系

目的 本研究拟探讨腹主动脉灌注丙泊酚减轻脊髓缺血-再灌注损伤是否与其抗氧化和减轻钙超载相关.方法 新西兰大耳白兔60只,随机均分为生理盐水(NS)组、10%脂肪乳(P0)组、丙泊酚30mg/kg(P30)组、40mg/kg(P40)组、50mg/kg(P50)组和60mg/kg(P60)组.全麻后开腹阻断肾动脉远端腹主动脉及双侧髂总动脉30min,并从阻断即刻开始,经股动脉预置导管向腹主动脉分别灌注生理盐水、10%脂肪乳及不同剂量的丙泊酚溶液至开放停止.再灌注48h,取L5脊髓节段,检测脊髓组织的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量和脊髓前角神经细胞内Ca2 荧光强度.结果 与NS和P0组比较,P30、P40、P50和P60组的SOD活性显著升高(P<0.05),MDA含量和Ca2 荧光强度显著降低(P<0.05).SOD活性:P50组最高(P<0.05),P40、P60组高于P30组(P<0.05).MDA含量:P50组最低(P<0.05),P60组低于P30、P40组(P<0.05).Ca2 荧光强度:P60组低于P50组,P50组低于P30、P40组(P<0.05).结论 丙泊酚可剂量依赖性地保护脊髓组织SOD活性、降低MDA含量和脊髓前角神经细胞内Ca2 荧光强度,提示该保护作用与其抗氧化和减轻神经细胞钙超载有关.     

不同高压氧预处理方案对兔脊髓缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的 探讨不同高压氧预处理方案对兔脊髓缺血再灌注损伤的影响.方法 新西兰大白兔45只,月龄4～5月,体重2.0～2.5 kg,随机分为5组:假手术组(S组,n=5)开腹剥离左肾动脉下段腹主动脉但不阻断血流,20 min后关腹;脊髓缺血再灌注组(IR组,n=10)采用左肾动脉下段腹主动脉阻断法建立脊髓缺血再灌注损伤模型,缺血20 min后恢复灌注;不同方案高压氧预处理组(H_(1～3)组,n=10)分别接受连续5 d(H_1组)、10 d(H_2组)或20 d(H_3组)高压氧预处理(2.5 ATA,吸入氧浓度100%),1h/d,末次高压氧预处理结束后24 h时,建立脊髓缺血再灌注模型.再灌注48 h时,采用修正Tarlov评分,评价后肢运动功能.然后取L_5脊髓节段,分别行HE、TUNEL和nuoro-Jade B染色,计数脊髓正常神经元、凋亡神经元和变性神经元.结果 与S组比较,IR组后肢运动功能评分和脊髓前角正常神经元计数降低(P<0.01);与IR组比较,H_1组和H_2组后肢运动功能评分和脊髓前角正常神经元计数升高,凋亡神经元计数和变性神经元计数降低(JP<0.01),H_3组各指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);H_1组和h_2组各指标比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与H_1组和H_2组比较,H_3组后肢运动功能评分和脊髓前角正常神经元计数降低,凋亡神经元计数和变性神经元计数升高(P<0.01).结论 连续5 d或10 d高压氧预处理(2.5 ATA,吸入氧浓度100%)可减轻脊髓缺血再灌注损伤;而连续20 d高压氧预处理无神经保护作用.     

Effects of xenon on ischemic spinal cord injury in rabbits: a comparison with propofol

Background: Xenon has been shown to reduce cellular injury after cerebral ischemia. However, the neuroprotective effects of xenon on ischemic spinal cord are unknown. The authors compared the effects of xenon and propofol on spinal cord injury following spinal cord ischemia in rabbits. Methods: Thirty‐two male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned to one of three groups. In the xenon and propofol group, 70% of xenon and 0.8 mg/kg/min of propofol were administered 30 min before an aortic occlusion and maintained until the end of the procedure. The aortic occlusion was performed for 15 min. In the sham group, the aorta was not occluded. After an assessment of the hind limb motor function using the Tarlov score (0=paraplegia, 4=normal) at 48 h after reperfusion, gray and white matter injuries were evaluated based on the number of normal neurons in the anterior spinal cord and the percentage areas of vacuolation in the white matter, respectively. Results: In the xenon and propofol groups, the Tarlov score and the number of normal neurons were significantly lower than those in the sham group, whereas the percentage areas of vacuolation were similar among the three groups. There were no significant differences in Tarlov scores and the number of normal neurons between the xenon and the propofol groups. Conclusion: The results indicated that 70% of xenon has no additional neuroprotective effects on ischemic spinal cord injury in rabbits compared with propofol.     

芦荟多糖对脊髓缺血损伤的神经保护作用

目的:探讨芦荟多糖(aloe polysaccharide,AP)对兔脊髓缺血损伤是否有神经保护作用.方法:32只成年雄性新西兰兔随机分成4组(每组8只 ),即对照组(C 组)、芦荟多糖组(A组)、溶剂对照组( V组 ) 及假手术组(S组).A组在脊髓缺血前30min经耳缘静脉给予50m·kg-1芦荟多糖;V组以同样方式给予等容量生理盐水;C组仅仅制备脊髓缺血损伤模型,不进行其它处理;S组仅仅暴露腹主动脉,而不阻断它,其他处理同C组;兔脊髓缺血模型采用夹闭兔腹主动脉肾下段20min.再灌注后48h,对所有动物神经功能评分,然后处死动物取脊髓(L5-7),制作标本行组织病理学观察.结果:A组的神经功能评分和脊髓前角正常神经细胞数明显多于C组及V组(P<0.01);C组及V组的神经功能评分和脊髓前角正常神经细胞数组间无明显差异(P>0.05);神经功能评分与其对应脊髓前角正常神经细胞计数之间有显著相关性(r=0.804,P<0.01).结论:芦荟多糖对兔脊髓缺血再灌注损伤有明显的神经保护作用.     

Effect of puerarin on neural function and histopathological damages after transient spinal cord ischemia in rabbits

Ischemicspinalcordinjuryremainsadisastrouscomplicationofthedescendingandthoracoabdominalaortaeafteroperation .Thereportedincidenceofparaplegiarangesfrom 4 %to 33% .1Therefore ,agreatnumberofeffortshavebeenfocusedonsolvingthisproblem ,whichincludehypothermia ,cerebrospinalfluiddrainage ,temporarybypassandpharmacologicalagents .2 Thecellularandmolecularmechanismsofischemicspinalcordinjuryhavenotbeentotallyelucidated .Butvariousstudieshavesuggestedthatfreeradicalproduction ,calciumaccumulationand…     

姜黄素对糖尿病神经病理性痛大鼠脊髓和背根神经节神经细胞凋亡的影响

目的 探讨姜黄素对糖尿病神经病理性痛(DNP)大鼠脊髓和背根神经节(DRG)神经细胞凋亡的影响.方法雄性SD大鼠108只,体重200～230 g,采用腹腔注射链唑霉素70 mg/kg的方法建立大鼠DNP模型.采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为4组(n=27),正常对照组(C组):不制备DNP模型;DNP组;溶剂对照组(SC组)和姜黄素组(Cur组):于腹腔注射链唑霉素后14 d分别腹腔注射玉米油或姜黄素100 mg/kg(25 mg/ml),1次/d,连续2周.于链唑霉素给药前2 d、给药后14 d、姜黄素给药后3、7、14 d时测定机械缩足阈值(MWT)和热缩足潜伏期(TWL);于姜黄素给药后3、7、14 d时分别采用免疫组化法和Western blot法测定脊髓和DRG caspase-3和Bcl-2的表达水平,并测定神经细胞的凋亡率.结果 与C组比较,DNP组、SC组和Cur组MWT降低,TWL缩短,脊髓和DRG神经细胞凋亡率升高,caspase-3表达上调,Bcl-2表达下调(P＜0.05);与DNP组比较,Cur组MWT升高,TWL延长,脊髓和DBG神经细胞凋亡率降低,caspase-3表达下调,Bcl-2表达上调(P＜0.05),SC组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 姜黄素可通过抑制脊髓和DRG神经细胞凋亡,从而减轻大鼠DNP,其机制与抑制caspase-3水平、增强Bcl-2水平有关.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of curcumin on the apoptosis in spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion neurons in a rat model of diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) . Methods One hundred and eight male SD rats weighing 200-230 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 27 each): control group (group C), DNP group, solvent control group (group SC) and curcumin group (group Cur) . Diabetes was induced with intraperitoneal streptozocin 70 mg/kg. Successful induction of diabetes was defined as blood glucose ＞ 16.7 mmol/L. Curcumin and com oil 100 mg/kg (23 mg/ml) were given intraperitoneally once a day for 14 consecutive days starting from 14 days after administration of streptozocin in Cur and SC groups respectively. Mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured 2 d before and 14 d after streptozocin injection and 3, 7 and 14 d after curcumin injection. The pain threshold measured at 14 d after administration of streptozocin decreased by more than 15% of the baseline in all the rats. The expression of caspase-3 and Bcl-2 in spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion was determined at 3, 7 and 14 d after curcumin injection by immuno-histochemistry and Western blot, and the neuronal apoptosis rate was determined by TUNEL. Results Compared with group C, MWT and Bcl-2 expression were significantly decreased, TWL was significantly shortened, the neurona lapoptosis rate and caspase-3 expression were significantly increased in DNP, SC and Cur groups ( P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group DNP, MWT and Bcl-2 expression were significantly increased, TWL was significantly prolonged, the neuronal apoptosis rate and caspase-3 expression were significantly decreased in Cur group ( P ＜0.05) . There was no significant difference in the parameters mentioned above between DNP and SC groups ( P ＞0.05). Conclusion Curcumin can attenuate DNP by inhibiting the apoptosis in spinal dorsal hom and dorsal root ganglion neurons in rats, and the inhibition of caspase-3 expression and increase in Bcl-2 expression are involved in the mechanism.     

黄连素在脊髓损伤中对线粒体的保护作用及机制

目的探讨黄连素对脊髓损伤(SCI)后线粒体氧化损伤的作用和可能机制。方法将36只C57小鼠随机分为假手术组、SCI组(伤后立即腹腔注射10 mg/kg生理盐水)和黄连素组(SCI后立即腹腔注射10 mg/kg黄连素),每组12只。使用PSI-IH脊髓打击器建立小鼠SCI模型,于损伤后24 h处死小鼠,取脊髓组织。使用全自动酶标仪检测各组小鼠脊髓组织线粒体内丙二醛(MDA)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的变化;用蛋白质印迹法检测脊髓组织caspase-3、cleaved caspase-3的表达及细胞质内和线粒体内细胞色素C(Cyt C)的表达;用免疫荧光双标染色法检测脊髓组织中神经细胞凋亡情况。结果与假手术组相比,SCI组小鼠脊髓组织线粒体内MDA水平升高,GSH、SOD水平降低;细胞质内Cyt C和脊髓组织中caspase-3、cleaved caspase-3表达水平增高,线粒体内Cyt C表达水平降低;脊髓组织中神经元凋亡比例增高;差异均有统计学意义(P 0.05)。与SCI组相比,黄连素组小鼠脊髓组织线粒体内MDA水平降低,SOD和GSH水平增高;细胞质内Cyt C和脊髓组织中caspase-3、cleaved caspase-3表达水平降低,线粒体内Cyt C表达水平增高;脊髓组织中神经细胞凋亡比例减少;差异均有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论黄连素可减轻SCI小鼠脊髓组织中神经细胞凋亡,这可能与其抑制线粒体氧化损伤、减少Cyt C释放、降低凋亡蛋白表达有关。     

Evaluation of rapid ischemic preconditioning in a rabbit model of spinal cord ischemia

BACKGROUND: Rapid ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has been shown to reduce cellular injury after subsequent cardiac and cerebral ischemia. However, the data on rapid IPC of the spinal cord is limited. The authors investigated whether pretreatment with sublethal ischemia of spinal cord can attenuate neuronal injury after spinal cord ischemia in rabbits. METHODS: Forty-seven male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned to one of three groups (n = 15 or 16 each). In the IPC(-) group, the infrarenal aorta was occluded for 17 min to produce spinal cord ischemia. In the IPC(+) group, 5 min of aortic occlusion was performed 30 min before 17 min of spinal cord ischemia. In the sham group, the aorta was not occluded. Hind limb motor function was assessed at 3 h, 24 h, 4 days, and 7 days after reperfusion using Tarlov scoring (0 = paraplegia; 4 = normal). Animals were killed for histopathologic evaluation at 24 h or 7 days after reperfusion. The number of normal neurons in the anterior spinal cord (L4-L6) was counted. RESULTS: Neurologic scores were significantly higher in the IPC(+) group than the IPC(-) group at 3 and 24 h after reperfusion (P < 0.05). However, neurologic scores in the IPC(+) group gradually decreased and became similar to those in the IPC(-) group at 4 and 7 days after reperfusion. At 24 h after reperfusion, the numbers of normal neurons were significantly higher in the IPC (+) group than in the IPC(-) group (P < 0.05) and were similar between the IPC(+) and sham groups. At 7 days after reperfusion, there was no difference in the number of normal neurons between the IPC(+) and IPC(-) groups. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that rapid IPC protects the spinal cord against neuronal damage 24 h but not 7 days after reperfusion in a rabbit model of spinal cord ischemia, suggesting that the efficacy of rapid IPC may be transient.     

Induction of neuronal and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the motoneurons of spinal cord following transient abdominal aorta occlusion in rats

BACKGROUND: Motoneurons in the spinal cord are especially vulnerable to ischemic injury and selectively destroyed after transient ischemia. Nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in both neurodegneration and neuroprotection to ischemic insult. To evaluate the role of NO in pathophysiology to spinal cord ischemia, the expression of neuronal and inducible nitric oxide synthase (n-NOS and i-NOS) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-d) in the motoneurons of the lumbosacral spinal cord was examined in a rat model with transient abdominal aorta (TAA) occlusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham-operated (n = 12) and TAA occlusion (n = 24) groups. TAA occlusion was induced by placement of a microvascular clamp around the abdominal aorta for 20 min. Three sham-operated and six TAA occlusion animals were sacrificed at each time interval at 4, 24, and 48 h and 7 days after operation. Tissue sections obtained from the lumbosacral spinal cord were processed for n-NOS, i-NOS, NADPH-d, and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Histological changes of motoneurons in ventral horn were assessed by HE staining. RESULTS: In sham-operated control animals, n-NOS-, i-NOS-, and NADPH-d-positive neurons were barely detectable in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. At 4 h after TTA occlusion, n-NOS and NADPH-d expression became evident in the motoneurons and was markedly enhanced at 24 and 48 h. i-NOS expression was also induced in the ventral horn motoneurons of the lumbosacral spinal cord at the same time points. Enzymatic expression in the motoneurons was diminished 7 days after operation. Hyperchromatic neurons indicative of cell death were observed in HE-stained specimens 7 days following TAA occlusion. CONCLUSIONS: The rapid induction of n-NOS, i-NOS, and NADPH-d in the motoneurons of ventral horn suggests that NO may be involved in the selective and delayed neuronal death in the spinal cord to the ischemic insult.     

重复高压氧预处理对大鼠脊髓缺血再灌注时低氧诱导因子-1α及促红细胞生成素表达的影响

目的 探讨重复高压氧预处理对大鼠脊髓缺血再灌注时低氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)和促红细胞生成素(EPO)表达的影响.方法 雄性SD大鼠48只,体重250～300g,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为3组(n=16):假手术组(S组)、脊髓缺血再灌注组(I/R组)和重复高压氧预处理(HOP组).HOP组实施高压氧预处理,参数为:氧浓度＞98%,氧含量1000ml/L,压力2.5 ATA,1 h/d,连续5 d,最后1 d处理后24 h,I/R组和HOP组采用夹闭腹主动脉20min再开放的方法制备脊髓缺血再灌注模型.再灌注48h时评价后肢运动功能,然后处死大鼠,取L5-7节段脊髓组织,测定HIF-1α、EPO的mRNA及其蛋白表达水平,光镜下观察病理学结果.结果 与S组比较,I/R组和HOP组后肢运动功能和脊髓前角正常运动神经元计数降低,脊髓组织HIF-1α、EPO的mRNA及其蛋白表达水平上调(P＜0.05);与I/R组比较,HOP组后肢运动功能和脊髓前角正常运动神经元计数升高,脊髓组织HIF-1α及EPO的mRNA及其蛋白表达水平上调(P＜0.05).HOP组脊髓组织病理学损伤程度轻于I/R 组.结论 重复高压氧预处理可上调HIF-1α及EPO表达,从而减轻大鼠脊髓缺血再灌注损伤.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of repeated hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning (HOP) on the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1a) and erythropoietin (EPO) following spinal ischemiareperfusion (I/R) in rats. Methods Forty-eight male SD rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 16 each): sham operation group (S group); I/R group and repeated HOP group (HOP group). The animals in HOP group were pretreated with O2 ( ＞ 98 % ) at 2.5 ATA I h/d for 5 consecutive days at 24 h before spinal cord I/R. The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital sodium 35 mg/kg. Spinal cord ischemia was produced by cross-clamping of abdominal aorta distal to renal artery for 20 min in I/R and HOP groups. Hind-limb motor function was assessed and scored st 48 h of reperfusion. The animals were then sacrificed and the L5-7 segment of the spinal cord was removed for determination of the expression of HIF-1 α and EPO mRNA and protein and microscopic examination. Results Compared with group S, the hind-limb motor function scores and the number of normal motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord were significantly decreased, and the expression of HIF-1α and EPO mRNA and protein was up-regulated in I/R and HOP groups ( P ＜ 0.05). Compared with group I/R, the hind-limb motor function scores and the number of normal motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord were significantly increased, and the expression of HIF-1α and EPO mRNA and protein was up-regulated in group HOP ( P ＜ 0.05). The spinal cord injury was attenuated in group HOP compared with group I/R. Conclusion Repeated HOP can reduce the spinal cord I/R injury though up-regulating the expression of HIF1α and EPO in rats.