胸腰段特发性脊柱侧凸的前路矫正术

目的评价胸腰段/腰段特发性脊柱侧凸经前路矫正术的临床效果。方法1998年1月~2004年1月,76例胸腰段/腰段特发性脊柱侧凸患者接受前路选择性矫正融合术。患者共76例,男19例,女57例,平均年龄为16.2岁(13~27岁)。按照Lenke分型,Ⅴ型41例,Ⅵ型35例。其中Lenke Ⅴ型术前胸腰段侧凸Cobb角平均51.3°(38°~65°),胸段侧凸Cobb角平均35.5°(23°~41°);Lenke Ⅵ型术前胸腰段侧凸Cobb角平均53.4°(46°~68°),胸段侧凸Cobb角平均39.2°(27°~51°)。所有患者均接受侧前路矫正选择性胸腰段融合。术后以及随访中对胸腰段侧凸矫正以及胸段代偿矫正情况进行分析对比,同时采用SRS-22评分评价患者手术前后的功能状况。结果患者均安全完成手术,无严重并发症发生。所有患者均随访2年以上(2~5年)。Lenke Ⅴ型组术后胸腰段侧凸Cobb角平均11.2°(3°~15°),胸段侧凸Cobb角平均8.3°(2°~11°),最终随访时分别为13.2°(5°~17°)和10.1°(4°~15°),无躯干冠状面失代偿发生;LenkeⅥ型组术后Cobb角平均16.3°(8°~21°),胸段侧凸Cobb角平均13.7°(11°~19°),最终随访时分别为17.5°(11°~24°)和15.2°(14°~21°);仅1例发生躯干冠状面失代偿,但不需要进一步治疗。两组之间无统计学差异。所有患者均在术后以及最终随访时填写了SRS-22评分表,结果显示两组患者均对治疗结果表示满意。结论胸腰段/腰段特发性脊柱侧凸经前路矫正、选择性融合可以获得良好矫正,术后胸段弯曲能够获得较好的代偿矫正,并在远期随访中维持矫正效果和躯干冠状面的平衡。     

重度脊柱侧凸的后路手术矫治

目的评价后路矫形内固定术治疗重度脊柱侧凸的疗效。方法重度脊柱侧凸患者16例,进行后路矫形内固定术治疗,术前主弯Cobb角71°-110°（84°±11°）,其中矢状面异常患者11例。结果手术时间3．4—5．1（4．1±0．6）h,出血量570—1120（778±178）ml,平均融合节段11（9—13）个椎体,术后主弯Cobb角24°-44°（31°±5°）,11例矢状面异常患者重新恢复了胸椎生理性后凸和腰椎生理性前凸,未发生感染、血气胸和神经系统等并发症。终末随访时,主弯Cobb角27°-45°（33°±5°）,矫正丢失率为0—13％（7％±5％）,固定范围内植骨全部融合,未发生术后失代偿和假关节形成。结论后路矫形内固定术是治疗重度脊柱侧凸安全有效的方法。     

经椎弓根固定三维矫形治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸

目的探讨经后路应用中华长城椎弓根螺钉三维旋转矫正系统治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的可行性并观察其临床疗效。方法1999年1月~2004年1月应用中华长城椎弓根螺钉三维旋转矫正系统治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者12例,其中男4例,女8例;年龄11~15岁,平均13岁,通过比较术前术后的Cobb角、顶椎移位、顶椎旋转及身高的变化进行疗效的评价。结果术后所有病例经6~36个月,平均24个月随访。术前冠状面Cobb角平均66°,术后平均22°,平均矫正率为67.8%;顶椎移位术前平均4.16 cm,术后平均1.28 cm,平均矫正54.8%;旋转畸形(Nash~Moe法)术前为Ⅰ~Ⅲ度,平均矫正Ⅰ度。身高平均增加8 cm。所有病例术中、术后均无脊髓神经根损伤,浅表感染1例经清洁换药后痊愈。术后1年均获得满意的脊柱融合,并保留一定的脊柱活动度,术后并发症少。结论中华长城椎弓根螺钉系统具有三维矫正能力,效果可靠、操作简便、并发症少;固定节段椎弓根平面术前CT扫描有助于选择好进针点、方向及深度,便于椎弓根螺钉安全准确植入;精心准备植骨床、充足的植骨材料、熟练的三维矫正技术是取得良好疗效的保证。     

Infantile scoliosis in Beals syndrome: the use of a non-fusion technique for surgical correction

Beals syndrome (congenital contractural arachnodactyl) is a genetic disorder of the connective tissue phenotypically related to Marfan syndrome. It is characterised by dolichostenomelia, arachnodactyly, multiple joint contractures, crumpled ears, hypoplastic muscles and scoliosis. The latter, the most important clinical feature of this rare condition, presents in the infantile and juvenile age group and has a tendency to rapid progression. Bracing often fails to control the scoliosis and surgery is the recommended treatment. We present our experience of two cases managed with the paediatric Isola instrumentation and a non-fusion technique.     

Anterior surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Anterior open scoliosis surgery using the dual rod system is a safe and rather effective procedure for the correction of scoliosis (50–60 %). Thoracic hypokyphosis and rib hump correction with open anterior rather than posterior instrumentation appear to be the better approaches, although the latter is somewhat controversial with current posterior vertebral column derotation devices. In patients with Risser grade 0, hyperkyphosis and adding-on may occur with anterior thoracic spine instrumentation. Anterior thoracoscopic instrumentation provides a similar correction (65 %) with good cosmetic outcomes, but it is associated with a rather high risk of instrumentation (pull-out, pseudoarthrosis) and pulmonary complications. Approximately 80 % of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) curves of >70° have restrictive lung disease or smaller than normal lung volumes. AIS patients undergoing anterior thoracotomy or anteroposterior surgery will demonstrate a significant decrease in percentage of predicted lung volumes during follow-up. The thoracoabdominal approach and thoracoscopic approach without thoracoplasty do not produce similar changes in detrimental lung volume. In patients with severe AIS (>90°), posterior-only surgery with TPS provides similar radiographic correction of the deformity (44 %) with better pulmonary function outcomes than anteroposterior surgery. Vascular spinal cord malfunction after segmental vessel ligation during anterior scoliosis surgery has been reported. Based on the current literature, the main indication for open anterior scoliosis instrumentation is Lenke 5C thoracolumbar or lumbar AIS curve with anterior instrumentation typically between T11 and L3.     

脊柱侧凸单纯后路三维矫形术后并发血胸

目的探讨脊柱侧凸单纯后路矫形术后并发血胸的相关因素及预防措施。方法 3例行单纯后路侧凸三维矫形术后患者,2例经床旁胸部X线确诊,1例经胸部CT确诊并发血胸,均行持续胸腔闭式引流术、促进肺复张及预防胸腔感染等治疗。结果 3例均在脊柱凹侧发生血胸,引流量分别为1 250、1 500、1 630 ml。随访时间分别为3、6、18个月,均恢复良好。结论脊柱侧凸单纯后路三维矫形术后并发血胸极为少见,常被忽视。胸部查体结合X线、超声或CT有利于早期发现并明确诊断血胸。     

New remote-controlled growing-rod spinal instrumentation possibly applicable for scoliosis in young children

Progressive scoliosis in young children has been treated with "spinal instrumentation without fusion" to avoid interference with spinal growth. Patients have to undergo a series of operations to have instruments exchanged for maintaining the correction. We have developed a newly designed remote-controlled growing-rod spinal instrumentation system proposed for the treatment of progressive scoliosis in young children. It can be used to stretch and correct the spinal deformities repeatedly and non-surgically, by means of a remote controller, after the first instrumentation operation. The purpose of this study is to describe the possible clinical application of this system for the treatment of progressive scoliosis in young children. To this end, we used the system in five beagle dogs with induced scoliotic deformities. The maximum distraction force of the instrument was 194 N. Correction of 1 cm was performed non-surgically in awake animals 3 weeks after the instrumentation operation, and then correction of 1 cm was carried out again 6, 9, and 12 weeks after the operation. The average initial Cobb's angle of the induced scoliotic deformities was 25°; this was corrected to 20°, 15°, 8°, and 3°, after the distractions at 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks, respectively, postoperatively. All corrections were performed non-surgically without apparent complications. By repetitive distractions with the use of our new system, we may be able to reduce the number of operations required in young scoliotic children. Received for publication on March 6, 1998; accepted on July 9, 1998     

脊柱侧凸后路矫形融合术患者术后早期离床活动研究

目的探讨脊柱侧凸后路矫形融合术患者术后早期离床活动的安全性及有效性。方法将2018年6～9月30例脊柱侧凸后路矫形融合术患者作为对照组,2019年同期30例患者作为观察组。观察组在术后24～72h拔除伤口引流管前早期离床活动;对照组待拔除伤口引流管后离床活动。分别统计两组患者离床活动的安全性相关指标(伤口引流量、总失血量、出院前血红蛋白、伤口引流管留置时间)及有效性相关指标(首次离床活动时间、术后住院日)。结果观察组患者术后首次离床活动时间、术后住院日早于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。两组伤口引流量、总失血量、出院前血红蛋白及伤口引流管留置时间比较,差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论在规范的操作方法和步骤下,术后24～72h拔除伤口引流管前早期离床活动,不会增加脊柱侧凸后路矫形融合术后患者出血的风险,能减少术后住院日。     

Lenke 3型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸后路矫形术后身高增长的相关影响因素分析

目的:探讨Lenke 3型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)患儿脊柱后路矫形术后身高增长(ΔSH)的相关影响因素。方法:选取2014年1月~2016年6月于我院行脊柱后路矫形手术的女性Lenke 3型AIS患儿90例,年龄15.0±2.6岁。于站立位全脊柱正侧位X线片上测量术前、术后的主弯侧凸Cobb角1(最大侧凸Cobb角)、侧凸Cobb角2(次之侧凸Cobb角)、脊柱高度(spinal height,SH)、胸椎后凸角(thoracic kyphosis,TK)及腰椎前凸角(lumbar lordosis,LL)。应用Pearson相关分析ΔSH与其他参数之间的相关性,应用线性回归探讨ΔSH的相关影响因素。结果:ΔSH为2.9±1.0cm。Pearson相关性分析示ΔSH与术前的侧凸Cobb角1(P=0.000)、侧凸Cobb角2(P=0.000)及TK(P=0.023)均呈显著相关性,与术后的侧凸Cobb角1(P=0.000)、侧凸Cobb角2(P=0.000)、LL(P=0.025)、侧凸Cobb角1变化(P=0.000)、侧凸Cobb角2变化(P=0.000)及TK变化(P=0.032)均呈显著相关性。线性回归分析示ΔSH与侧凸Cobb角1变化(P=0.017)、侧凸Cobb角2变化(P=0.001)均呈显著线性相关(R~2=0.333);另外,ΔSH与术前侧凸Cobb角1(P=0.006)、侧凸Cobb角2(P=0.007)、术前TK(P=0.038)亦呈显著线性相关(R~2=0.595)。结论:Lenke 3型AIS患儿脊柱后路矫形术后身高增长的相关影响因素包括术前、术后的主弯侧凸Cobb角、术前TK及其术后变化值。主弯Cobb角矫正是Lenke 3型AIS术后身高增加的最主要影响因素。Lenke 3型AIS患儿的术前侧凸Cobb角及术前TK可以较好地预测患儿术后身高恢复情况。     

退行性脊柱侧凸三维矫形术并发症的探讨

目的:探讨使用椎弓根螺钉系统矫治退行性脊柱侧凸的并发症及其预防措施。方法:对82例退行性脊柱侧凸患者采用4种不同的手术方式:17例先行一期前路松解、支撑性融合,二期后路多节段椎弓根螺钉矫形,后外侧植骨融合;41例行后路椎管减压、椎体间支撑融合(PLIF)、椎弓根螺钉矫形内固定 后外侧植骨融合术;14例行后路短缩、椎管减压、椎弓根螺钉矫形内固定 后外侧植骨融合术;10例行椎管减压、椎弓根矫形内固定 后外侧植骨融合术。对75例获得6个月至4年(平均2年3个月)随访患者的并发症进行回顾性分析。结果:本组无围手术期死亡,术后重症监护时间平均22h,切口感染1例,切口延迟愈合4例;7例术后出现肺部感染,经处理后好转;6例手术后出现心脏病复发,经内科联合处理后好转;9例术后出现双下肢疼痛,经保守治疗3个月症状缓解;4例腰背部疼痛缓解不明显。无断钉、断棒现象。88.6%的患者对手术治疗的结果满意。结论:三维矫形手术治疗退行性脊柱侧凸的并发症较多且严重,手术治疗需慎重考虑患者的全身情况及术前症状,以选择适合的手术方式。     

哈氏棒加多节段椎板下钢丝治疗脊柱侧凸

目的　总结单纯哈氏棒加多节段椎板下钢丝治疗脊柱侧凸的疗效。方法　在脊柱凹侧用哈氏棒撑开配合多节段椎板下钢丝固定治疗脊柱侧凸 32例。结果　随访 4个月～ 7 6年。术前侧凸平均Cobb角 6 7 1° ,术后 39° ,矫正率 47%。 1例上钩脱位 ,1例出现深部感染。结论　该方法手术过程简单 ,固定牢固 ,可减少骨折、脱钩等并发症 ,提高了矫正率     

七氟醚复合雷米芬太尼快通道麻醉技术用于青少年脊柱侧弯后路矫形手术

目的 比较七氟醚复合雷米芬太尼与异氟醚复合芬太尼用于青少年脊柱侧弯后路矫形手术的麻醉效果.方法 择期行脊柱侧弯后路矫形手术的患者40例,ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,年龄11～18岁.随机分为两组:异氟醚复合芬太尼组(A组)和七氟醚复合雷米芬太尼组(B组).A组以丙泊酚、芬太尼、维库溴铵和异氟醚维持麻醉;B组以丙泊酚、雷米芬太尼、维库溴铵和七氟醚维持麻醉.根据双频指数(BIS)和血流动力学反应调整麻醉深度.在唤醒前约30 min停用维库溴铵和镇痛药.要求唤醒时停用丙泊酚和吸人麻醉药,唤醒时间为停用丙泊酚和吸入麻醉药到患者双侧脚趾能动的时间.记录唤醒时间、唤醒质量及唤醒期间HR、SBP、DBP、BIS的变化.患者拔除气管导管清醒后随访患者对术中唤醒过程有无记忆.结果 患者的一般情况、唤醒期间HR、SBP、DBP和BIS两组问比较均无统计学差异.两组患者唤醒时BIS明显高于停药前(P＜0.001),但是术后随访发现所有患者对唤醒试验均无记忆.唤醒时间A组26.3 min±10.4 min,B组12.1 min±9.4 min,两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).唤醒成功时,两组的唤醒质量比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论 七氟醚复合雷米芬太尼快通道麻醉技术适合用于行术中唤醒的青少年脊柱侧弯后路矫形手术,其唤醒时间短、术中血流动力学平稳.该麻醉条件下行BIS监测,有助于及时唤醒病人和唤醒后加深麻醉,亦有助于防止术中知晓.     

不需植骨融合治疗生长中儿童脊柱侧弯的新装置

目的　为了避免需多次手术延伸内固定的缺点 ,研究自行设计的脊柱侧弯矫正装置板棍系统 (PRSS)治疗机制及其治疗生长中儿童特发性脊柱侧弯的疗效。方法　用PRSS矫治 34例逐渐加重的生长中儿童特发性脊柱侧弯 ,通过生物力学测试及动物模型X型胶原测试分析PRSS的矫治机制。结果　侧弯术前平均 6 3 6 3°± 19 80°(4 0°～ 110°) ,术后平均 2 3 91°± 15 6 3°(6°～ 6 6°) ,平均矫正率 6 4 0 6 %± 17 0 2 % ,最好者为 87 2 7%。随诊 2 8例 ,平均随诊 2 9 6个月 ,有 15例平均矫正丢失 8°,其余病例无丢失。手术矫正部位脊柱继续生长 ,平均13 5mm ,无严重并发症。放置PRSS后 ,在脊柱侧弯凸侧产生压应力 ,在凹侧产生张应力 ,而不需要植骨。动物试验X型胶原测试证实 :在压应力增力侧的椎体终板软骨退变加速 ,从而抑制该侧生长 ,而张力侧则不受影响 ,两侧不平衡生长达到脊柱变直的目的。结论　PRSS矫正装置能随脊柱生长自动延伸 ,在治疗脊柱侧弯时不需植骨融合 ,通过一次手术即能满意矫正生长中儿童的脊柱侧弯 ,并在生长过程中维持其矫正 ,具有特殊的生物力学矫正能力。PRSS是治疗脊柱侧弯特别是生长中儿童脊柱侧弯的有效方法     

Fatal marrow emboli in a pediatric patient having posterior spinal instrumentation for scoliosis repair

This report describes the intraoperative course of a pediatric patient with neuromuscular scoliosis who died of massive fat and marrow emboli during posterior instrumentation for scoliosis surgery. In addition, the report describes the incidence and consequences of embolic events during spine surgery as well as the most common clinical sequelae. This patient's unique presentation is highlighted.     

特发性脊柱侧凸后路矫形中尾侧椎应用椎弓根螺钉与椎板钩固定的效果比较

目的:评价特发性脊柱侧凸矫形中,尾侧椎应用椎板钩和椎弓根螺钉固定的临床效果及安全性。方法:对收治的34例后路矫形内固定且随访1年以上的特发性脊柱侧凸(KingⅡA和Ⅲ型)患者,根据尾侧椎固定方式的不同,分为A组(椎板钩固定组)和B组(椎弓根螺钉固定组)。A组14例,男4例,女10例,平均年龄13.6岁(12～17岁)。B组20例,男6例,女14例,平均年龄14.1岁(13～17岁)。比较两组患者术前侧凸角度、矢状面曲度及矫正率、随诊丢失角度、手术时间、出血量、融合节段等方面的差异。结果:两组患者术前侧凸角度、矢状面曲度及矫正率、手术时间、手术出血量没有明显的统计学差异。A组侧凸角度丢失大于B组(P<0.05),且A组中有3例在融合节段与下方非融合节段交界处出现后凸。A组平均融合11个节段,B组平均为10个节段。结论:在特发性脊柱侧凸后路矫形中,以椎弓根螺钉替代椎板钩内固定尾侧椎可较好地维持术后矫形效果,预防融合节段与未融合节段交界处后凸,保留更多的远端活动节段并具有较好的安全性。     

Posterior scoliosis correction for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis using side-opening pedicle screw-rod system utilizing the axial translation technique

Background:

Though adequate literature is present depicting the results of pedicle screw-rod instrumentation using top loading systems for correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), using the rod rotation technique, few published data is available regarding side loading systems used for a similar purpose. We report a retrospective study of a cohort of patients with strict inclusion criteria who underwent surgical correction of AIS with side-opening pedicle screw-rod posterior instrumentation using the axial translation technique of curve correction to assess the efficacy of side opening system for scoliosis correction with regards to patient satisfaction, Cobb''s angle correction and spinal balance.

Materials and Methods:

Clinical and radiological outcomes were measured in 14 consecutive patients (3 males, 11 females) with an average age of 14.0 years (range 9 to 23 years). They were followed up for an average period of 13.0 months (range – 2.2 to 28.5). All patients underwent posterior instrumentation only with pedicle screws used as anchor points. Hybrid constructs using hooks/wires or curves requiring anterior release were excluded from the study. All levels were not instrumented – more screws were put on the concavity and in the peri-apical region. Radiological evaluation was done by whole spine standing AP, lateral radiograms preoperatively and 1, 3, 6 and12 months after surgery. Cobb''s angles were measured and the spinal balance was noted. Clinical evaluation was done by SRS questionnaire. The complications were documented.

Results:

The mean preoperative Cobb''s angle was 58.35° (range – 44 to 72°), which came down postoperatively to 23.45° (range – 10 to 38°) signifying a mean correction of 59.57% (range – 26.92 to 76.17%). Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the SRS – 30 questionnaires. The values of mean pre- and postoperative scores are 3.68 and 4.18, showing an improvement of 0.5 points. Other than one patient of superficial wound infection, which healed with antibiotics, there was no major complication. No patient had neurological deterioration.

Conclusion:

Side-opening spinal instrumentation systems, using the axial translation technique, achieved good clinical and radiological outcome for patients of AIS.     

青少年脊柱侧凸的后路CDH Legacy矫形内固定技术与疗效

[目的]探讨脊柱侧凸后路CDH Legacy在脊柱侧凸后路矫形中的应用及其矫形效果。[方法]2003年7～8月，共有9例患者接受后路CDH Legacy矫形内固定加植骨融合手术，其中女7例，男2例；年龄11～18岁，平均13．5岁。病因学分类：青少年特发性脊柱侧凸（AIS）7例，先天性脊柱侧凸（CS）1例，神经纤维瘤病伴脊柱侧凸（NFI）1例。术前Cobb＇s角48^o～68^o，平均54^o。7例AIS和1例CS患者直接行一期后路CDH Legacy矫形内固定术，另1例NFI因Risser为0，先行一期前路骨骺阻滞再行二期后路CDH Legacy矫形固定。[结果]本组无死亡、感染，无神经系统并发症。未发生术中骨折及脊膜胸膜损伤。1例并发肠系膜上动脉综合征，给予禁食等保守治疗后症状缓解。手术时间210～300min，平均260min；出血量300～1000ml，平均700ml。术后Cobb’s角平均20^o，矫正率63％。本组随访20～30个月，平均23个月，随访1年时均获得骨性融合，无额状面或矢状面失偿，纠正丢失4^o，纠正丢失率7．4％。[结论]CDH Legacy在矫形效果与以往第3代内固定系统无明显差异，有操作简便、内固定牢固和选择多样性的特点。     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸前路矫形策略回顾分析

[目的]分析青少年特发性脊柱侧凸前路矫形中末端融合椎(LIV)的选择策略,并探讨末端融合椎与躯干平衡的关系。[方法]对获得完整随访资料的28例青少年特发性胸腰椎/腰椎侧凸患者(Lenke 5型)进行回顾性研究,这些患者均接受前路硬棒系统矫形手术,平均随访1.5年(1~3年),统计分析LIV与融合椎体节段数、椎间盘楔形变、LIV倾斜度、躯干平衡指标等影像学资料之间的关系,分析椎间盘楔形变与躯干平衡之间的关系。[结果]术前末端椎椎间盘角度(2.96°±1.43°),术后(-3.60°±1.75°),术后椎间盘楔形变程度与LIV倾斜度关系最为密切(P<0.01),躯干总体平衡与LIV-CSVL(骶中线)、融合节段数及LIV倾斜显著相关。[结论]LIV的选择与多个影像学指标相关,对于下端椎与上一椎体椎间盘角度较大,该椎体与顶椎之间椎体少,距离CSVL较远,倾斜角度较大的患者,不适于选择短节段融合。若手术未融合平行的椎间盘,则术后椎间盘楔形变发生的几率较高。