阻塞性黄疸:PTC下胆管钳夹活检的技术方法学研究

目的探索切实可行的胆管病理学检查新途径.资料与方法连续92例阻塞性黄疸患者接受经皮肝穿刺胆管造影(PTC)和经皮肝穿胆管引流(PTCD)治疗.PTCD过程中,影像监测下经皮经肝胆管穿刺,向胆管内引入活检钳对梗阻段钳夹活检,行组织病理学检查.统计学分析用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率计算法,以α=0.05作为检验水准.结果 92例钳夹活检患者90例成功获得组织块,技术成功率97.83%(90/92).钳夹活检敏感性为88.04%,63例胆管癌性恶性肿瘤钳夹活检敏感性较25例非胆管癌性恶性肿瘤高(93.65%比72.00%,P＜0.05).结论PTC下胆管钳夹活检操作简单,创伤小,敏感性高,是一种值得推广的胆管病理学诊断新途径.     

阻塞性黄疸经皮肝穿胆管造影术下胆管钳夹活检病理学诊断

目的　探索阻塞性黄疸经皮肝穿胆管造影术 (PTC)下胆管钳夹活检病理诊断的可行性和敏感性。方法　 2 0 0 1年 4月至 2 0 0 3年 3月 ,因阻塞性黄疸接受介入放射学PTC、经皮肝穿胆管引流术 (PTCD)和胆管内支架置入的连续 6 5例患者 ,男 36例 ,女 2 9例 ,年龄 33～ 88岁 ,平均 5 4岁 ,病程 7～90d ,平均 32d。PTCD减黄术中 ,在数字影像监测下经PTC途径用活检钳和毛刷对病变段胆管活检。通过经皮经肝胆管穿刺通道向胆管内送入 8F鞘至阻塞段 ,经鞘先后引入活检钳和毛刷对梗阻段胆管钳夹和毛刷活检 ,获取多个标本 ,用 10 %甲醛溶液固定后 ,行病理学检查。统计学分析用 χ2 检验或Fisher确切概率计算法 ,以P <0 0 5认为差异具有显著性意义。结果　 6 5例阻塞性黄疸 ,PTC下胆管活检技术成功率 10 0 % ,5 8例获得组织学诊断 ,分别为胆管腺癌 4 2例 ,胆管鳞癌 1例 ,胰腺癌 2例 ,肝癌 2例 ,转移癌 5例 ,纤维结缔组织增生 2例 ,硬化性胆管炎 1例 ,胆管结石 1例 ,菌团沉积 1例 ,慢性胆管炎 1例 ;阴性结果 7例。钳夹活检的病理学阳性率 89 2 3%。 4 5例胆管癌钳夹活检敏感度较 16例非胆管癌性肿瘤高 (分别为 95 5 6 %和 6 8 75 % ,χ2 =5 919,P =0 0 15 )。 5 8例毛刷活检 4 3例获得细胞学诊断 ,有胆管腺癌 36例 ,     

经皮肝穿刺胆道造影术下胆管活检的临床研究

目的　探索经皮肝穿刺胆道造影术 (PTC)下胆道活检的可行性和敏感性。方法　 31例阻塞性黄疸患者 ,在行经皮经肝穿刺胆道内外引流术 (PTCD)中 ,进行PTC下胆道活检。通过经皮经肝胆道穿刺通道向胆道内送入 8F鞘 ,活检钳经鞘内送入并对病变狭窄段行胆道钳夹活检 ,获取多个标本 ,行组织病理学检查。结果　 31例患者 30例获得组织病理学诊断 (敏感性 96 .8% )。结论　PTC下胆道活检是一种简单易行、准确可靠的获取组织学病理检查途径     

经皮肝穿刺胆道内钳夹活检诊断恶性阻塞性黄疸胆肠吻合术后吻合口狭窄

目的探讨经皮肝穿刺胆道造影(PTC)术中胆道钳夹活检诊断恶性阻塞性黄疸胆肠吻合术后吻合口狭窄的可行性和优越性,获取病变部位的组织病理学,指导临床治疗。资料与方法 PTC术中引入活检钳对18例恶性阻塞性黄疸胆肠吻合术后复发黄疸患者于梗阻部位活检,判断狭窄的良恶性,采取相应的减黄措施并观察其疗效。结果全部病例PTC造影显示梗阻部位均位于胆肠吻合口处,行钳夹活检,技术成功率100%,敏感性为94.4%(17/18),其中14例钳夹到肿瘤组织,证实为肿瘤复发;3例病理为纤维组织增生和(或)炎症,结合影像学及实验室检查,考虑瘢痕性狭窄;另1例钳夹阴性,但影像学、实验室检查及术后随访证实为肿瘤复发。所有患者钳夹术中均未出现消化道出血、穿孔等并发症。活检术后行内外引流管和(或)内支架置入,术后患者黄疸消退明显(P<0.05),精神状态及生活质量较术前均有不同程度改善。结论 (1)PTC术中胆道钳夹活检诊断胆管癌术后胆肠吻合口狭窄操作简单,安全,敏感性高;(2)采取介入方法降黄效果明显,操作简单,并发症少。     

颞下间隙病变磁共振导引下经皮活检术

目的 研究颞下间隙病变磁共振(MR)导引下经皮活检术的临床应用。方法 借助开放式0．2T MR对7例颞下间隙肿块病灶进行穿刺活检。结果 磁共振导引下经皮活检靶中率100％，活检正确率85．7％，无并发症出现。结论 磁共振导引下经皮活检术有助于颞下间隙病变的诊断。     

经皮肝穿刺胆道造影B型超声对梗阻性黄疸的诊断

本文报道经皮肝穿刺胆道造影(PTC)结合B型超声检查对20例梗阻性黄疽的诊断并经手术,病理证实。PTC穿刺或功率90％,造影表现颇具有特征,术前诊断准确率95％。B超诊断符合率88％。同时对PTC造影方法进行讨论。     

经皮经肝胆道内钳夹活检诊断胆道支架内再梗阻

目的 评估经皮经肝胆道钳夹活检诊断胆道支架再梗阻的有效性。方法 31例胆道支架植入术后发生支架内再梗阻[男19例,女12例,年龄47～83岁,平均(61.5±11.3)岁]接受透视引导下经皮经肝胆道钳夹活检术。评估技术成功率、并发症、手术时间及平均活检次数,分析敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测率及阴性预测率。结果 技术成功率100%,平均手术时间(23.0±6.3) min,平均活检次数(3.9±0.6)次,并发症发生率为9.7%(3/31),包括胆道出血2例,胆管炎1例,未出现大出血、胆道穿孔等严重并发症。23例被确诊为恶性肿瘤,3例诊断为真阴性,5例诊断为假阴性,无假阳性诊断。胆道钳夹活检对支架再梗阻的诊断性能：敏感度79.3%(23/29),特异度为100%(3/3),准确度为83.9%(26/31),阳性预测率为100%(23/23),阴性预测率为37.5%(3/8)。结论 透视下经皮经肝胆道钳夹活检诊断胆道支架再梗阻技术安全可行。     

经皮肝穿胆管造影肝边缘显影（附3例报告）

目前，经皮肝穿刺胆道造影检查（简称PTC）对阻塞性黄疸的诊断已为临床广泛采用，由于设备的限制，大部分医院，尤其是基层医院多采用抽吸法注药。我院自1982年9月以来开展PTC检查抽吸法注药50例，在成功的43例中3例出现肝边缘显影，占7％，现将3例肝边缘显影的病例分析报告如下。     

胃癌术后阻塞性黄疸钳夹活检病理学及介入治疗疗效研究

目的探讨胃癌术后阻塞性黄疸钳夹活检病理学及介入治疗的疗效。方法分析21例胃癌术后阻塞性黄疸患者的临床资料,右侧腋中线经皮经肝穿刺入路20例,剑突下左侧胆道穿刺入路1例,21例患者均成功施行了胆道引流术,其中18例打通胆道阻塞段后施行了胆道钳夹活检,介入术前1天血清胆红素与术后3天、1周、2周胆红素水平进行重复测量数据的方差分析。结果 18例胆道钳夹活检病理学诊断为高分化腺癌3例,中分化腺癌2例,低分化腺癌8例,慢性炎症并纤维组织增生5例;引流术前血清胆红素与术后3天、1周、2周胆红素水平比较有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后显著下降。结论胃癌术后阻塞性黄疸患者钳夹活检病理学对患者的病情、预后判断及后期治疗提供了依据;经皮经肝穿刺胆道引流术疗效显著,可显著缓解黄疸,改善肝功能,延长患者生存时间。     

透视下经皮刷片细胞学检查、钳夹活检及联合应用对恶性胆道梗阻的诊断价值

正摘要目的评估透视下经皮刷片细胞学检查、钳夹活检及联合应用对恶性胆道梗阻的诊断价值。方法对2010年1月—2014年9月间做过胆道刷片细胞学检查和钳夹活检的     

恶性阻塞性黄疸PTC胆管活检病理学与PTC影像学特征对照研究

目的评价经皮肝穿刺胆管造影术(PTC)与PTC胆管活检对阻塞性黄疸的诊断价值和临床意义.资料与方法回顾性分析资料完整并接受PTCD和胆管内支架置入治疗及PTC胆管活检的连续76例阻塞性黄疸病例,比较PTC胆管活检与PTC影像学特征的关系及并发症的发生情况.结果 PTC胆管活检对恶性病变定性诊断的阳性率低于PTC间接诊断的阳性率,差异具有显著性意义(χ2=10.178,P=0.001＜0.05),但PTC胆管活检对组织学定性诊断的阳性率与PTC间接诊断的阳性率比较,差异无显著性意义(χ2=2.533,P=0.111＞0.05).PTC胆管重度扩张者的胆管活检阳性率高于胆管中度和轻度扩张者的阳性率,差异具有显著性意义(H=7.991,P=0.018＜0.05),PTC胆管活检阳性率与PTC阻塞形态和部位无关.结论 PTC胆管造影是PTC胆管活检的基础,二者应相互结合,相互补充,共同提高PTC胆管活检的阳性率.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).