全凭静脉麻醉在乳房肿块切除术中的应用

目的：观察咪唑安定加氯胺酮或异丙酚加芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉用于乳房肿块切除术中的麻醉效果及其对循环、呼吸的影响。方法：将60例患随机分为咪唑安定－氯胺酮组（Ⅰ组，30例）及异丙酚－芬太尼组（Ⅱ组，30例）。术中连续监测心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）和指脉氧（SpO2)，观察麻醉效果及并发症。结果：两组麻醉效果均满意，Ⅱ组较Ⅰ组对循环，呼吸抑制均明显（P＜0．05），但能自行恢复。结论：咪唑安定加氯胺酮或异丙酚加芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉用于乳房肿块切除术，安全合适，方便可行，患恢复迅速。     

异丙酚伍用不同药物用于人工流产术麻醉的观察

目的 观察异丙酚分别伍用芬太尼、氯胺酮、咪唑安定用于人工流产术麻醉时的临床效果及对呼吸、循环的影响。方法 80例人工流产孕妇，分为单纯异丙酚组(I组)、复合芬太尼组(Ⅱ组)、复合氯胺酮组(Ⅲ组)、复合咪唑安定组(Ⅳ组)，Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组于异丙酚静注前分别给予芬太尼0．8μg/kg、氯胺酮0．3mg／kg、咪唑安定0.04mg／kg，观察异丙酚用量、麻醉效果、对呼吸循环的影响。结果 Ⅰ组、Ⅳ组用药2min后血压、心率明显下降(P＜0．01)，Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组异丙酚用量比I组明显减少(P＜0．01)，Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组麻醉效果优于I组，Ⅳ组苏醒时间延长(P＜0．05)。结论 芬太尼、氯胺酮、咪唑安定均可提高异丙酚的麻醉效能，减少异丙酚用于人工流产术麻醉时的用量。氯胺酮可对抗异丙酚的降血压作用，咪唑安定可使异丙酚静脉麻醉的苏醒期延长。     

小剂量咪唑安定氯胺酮复合异氟醚吸入麻醉在乳房肿块切除手术中的应用

目的：观察小剂量咪唑安定氯胺酮复合异氟醚吸入麻醉在乳房肿块切除手术中的应用。方法：择期乳房肿块手术患者60例,随机分成两组。Ⅰ组采用氯胺酮、咪唑安定静脉复合麻醉,Ⅱ组咪唑安定氯胺酮复合异氟醚吸入麻醉。记录术中血流动力学变化、术后麻醉恢复情况。结果：两组患者麻醉效果均满意。术毕苏醒时间Ⅰ组为30．3±8．5分钟,Ⅱ组为10．5±8．7分钟。切皮时和术中Ⅰ组MAP、HR较注药前明显升高,Ⅱ组切皮时MAP、HR稍上升,术中MAP、HR基本保持术前水平。Ⅰ组呼吸抑制及术中体动反应发生率明显高于Ⅱ组（P〈0．01）。Ⅰ组术后恶心、呕吐5例,幻觉3例,复视2例,Ⅱ组恶心呕吐1例,无幻觉发生。结论：在乳房肿块切除术中,应用咪唑安定、氯胺酮复合异氟醚吸入,较之单纯咪唑安定、氯胺酮静脉麻醉,具有血压、心率平稳,氯胺酮用量少,术后苏醒快,恶心、呕吐发生率低的优点,可用于乳房肿块切除术的麻醉。     

阈下剂量氯胺酮配伍氟芬合剂用于乳房肿块切除术的研究

目的　观察阈下剂量氯胺酮配伍氟芬合剂用于乳房肿块切除术的麻醉效果。方法　将 60例患者随机分成两组 ,Ⅰ组 :氯胺酮 1.5mg kg ;Ⅱ组 ::氯胺酮 ( 0 .5mg kg) 氟哌利多 2 .5mg 芬太尼 0 .0 5mg。术中连续监测平均动脉压 (MAP)、心率 (HR)、脉搏氧饱和度 (SpO2 ) ,观察麻醉效果及并发症。结果　两组麻醉效果均满意 ,对呼吸无明显的抑制 ,Ⅱ组比Ⅰ组循环稳定 ,苏醒时间短 ,术后不良反应少 (p <0 .0 5 ) .结论　阈下剂量氯胺酮配伍氟芬合剂静脉麻醉用于乳房肿块切除术是安全有效的。     

全凭静脉复合麻醉应用于腹腔镜下小儿疝修补术

目的探讨异丙酚复合氯胺酮麻醉用于小儿腹腔镜下疝修补术的可行性及安全性.方法拟行择期腹腔镜下疝修补术的小儿患者40例,随机分为静脉全麻组(不插管)(I组,n=20),气管插管全麻组(Ⅱ组,n=20).I组采用异丙酚和氯胺酮全凭静脉麻醉,术中面罩给氧,保持自主呼吸.II组给予咪唑安定、氯胺酮、芬太尼及维库溴铵维持麻醉,气管插管控制呼吸.结果I组麻醉诱导快,术中呼吸循环平稳,麻醉效果满意,术后清醒快;II组诱导及清醒时间长,术后躁动、恶心、呕吐发生率高.结论异丙酚和氯胺酮静脉复合麻醉用于腹腔镜下小儿疝修补术是安全可行的.     

配伍不同的全静脉麻醉用于小儿扁桃体摘除术的比较

目的 比较氯胺酮、咪唑安定、芬太尼复合全凭静脉麻醉与丙泊酚、咪唑安定、瑞芬太尼复合全凭静脉麻醉用于小儿扁桃体摘除术的麻醉效果.方法 选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,年龄为3～9岁,行扁桃体摘除术的患儿60例.随机分成氯胺酮、咪唑安定、芬太尼组(A组)和丙泊酚、咪唑安定、瑞芬太尼(B组),每组30例.观察两组患者术中、术后的HR、BP以及术毕清醒拔管时间和不良反应.结果 A组术中HR快于B组(P<0.05)、拔管时的HR快于B组(P<0.01)、清醒拔管时间明显长于B组(P<0.01)、术后不良反应明显多于B组(P<0.05).结论 丙泊芬、咪唑安定、瑞芬太尼复合全凭静脉麻醉用于小儿扁桃体摘除术时,术中、术后的HR较慢,术毕清醒拔管时间短,不良反应少.     

全凭静脉麻醉和七氟烷静吸复合麻醉用于小儿白内障手术的比较

目的:比较异丙酚、芬太尼全凭静脉和七氟烷静吸复合麻醉用于小儿白内障手术的临床效果。方法:70例5～12岁ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级小儿白内障手术。随机分为七氟烷静吸复合麻醉组(七氟烷组)和异丙酚、芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉组(异丙酚组)。两组均采用静脉麻醉诱导。七氟烷组七氟烷麻醉维持;异丙酚组静脉麻醉药物维持,记录术中呼吸、循环及术后麻醉恢复情况。结果:异丙酚组苏醒时间、拔管时间、定向力恢复时间均长于七氟烷组(P<0.010)。结论:七氟烷静吸复合麻醉后术中循环稳定、术后清醒迅速、平稳,可安全有效地应用于小儿白内障手术。     

无痛人工流产术患者异丙酚复合咪唑安定芬太尼麻醉的效果观察

目的探讨无痛人流术患者异丙酚咪唑安定、芬太尼麻醉的效果。方法无痛人流术的患者200例,ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级,年龄20~40岁,体重指数18~24kg/m2。随机分为4组:异丙酚组(Ⅰ组)、咪唑安定加异丙酚(Ⅱ组)、芬太尼加异丙酚(Ⅲ组)、咪唑安定加芬太尼加异丙酚(Ⅳ组),每组50例放入观察。结果Ⅳ组流泪、肢体活动、及需要追加异丙酚的发生率均低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组。结论无痛流产术中异丙酚复合咪唑安定、芬太尼可使入睡时间缩短,苏醒时间和定向力恢复时间延长,流泪、肢体活动等操作反应的发生率较低。     

胃镜检查中全凭静脉麻醉的应用体会

目的：观察全凭静脉麻醉（total intravenous anesthesia,TIVA）在胃镜检查中的临床效果及安全性。方法：选择胃镜检200例,静注咪唑安定0．02～0．04mg／kg,芬太尼1—2μg/kg,3min后缓慢静注异丙酚1．5—25mg／kg,根据体动情况可追加异丙酚0．5～0．75mg／kg。结果：麻醉效果满意,对呼吸、循环影响均较轻。结论：异丙酚复合咪唑安定、芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉用于胃镜检查,诱导迅速、苏醒快而舒适、安全性高,值得推广。     

胃镜检查中全凭静脉麻醉的应用体会

目的:观察全凭静脉麻醉(total intravenous anesthesia,TIVA)在胃镜检查中的临床效果及安全性。方法:选择胃镜检查120例,静注咪唑安定0.02～0.04 mg/kg,芬太尼1～2μg/kg,3 min后缓慢静注异丙酚1.5～2.5 mg/kg,根据体动情况可追加异丙酚0.5～0.75 mg/kg。结果:麻醉效果满意,对呼吸、循环影响均较轻。结论:异丙酚复合咪唑安定、芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉用于胃镜检查,诱导迅速、苏醒快而舒适、安全性高,值得推广。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.