软组织骨化性纤维黏液样肿瘤2例报道及文献复习

目的 探讨软组织骨化性纤维黏液样肿瘤(ossifying fibromyxoid tumor of soft tissue,OFT)的临床病理、免疫表型特征及其诊断和鉴别诊断.方法 对2例OFT临床病理资料进行分析、光镜观察及免疫组化标记,并复习相关文献.结果 2例患者临床表现均为皮下缓慢生长的肿块.手术完整切除肿块,大体标本表面均有一层不完整的骨壳.术后病理组织学检查见肿瘤边界清楚,有纤维性假包膜,包膜内有一层薄的不连续的由成熟化生的板层骨构成的骨小梁,肿瘤略呈分叶状,内见有圆形、卵圆形、短梭形瘤细胞呈巢状、索状、网格状、镶嵌状排列,核染色质细致,未见明显核分裂象,有明显纤维黏液样背景的间质.免疫表型:vimentin、S-100蛋白均(+),CK(-).结论 OFT是一种分类尚未确定的罕见肿瘤,属中间型肿瘤.其特征性的骨壳结构、独特的细胞形态及排列方式、免疫表型具有诊断意义.     

软组织骨化性纤维粘液样瘤八例临床病理分析

目的：研究软组织骨化性纤维粘液样瘤（OFT）的病理形态学特点和免疫组织化学表型,并探讨其组织发生,方法：采用光镜观察（HE）和免疫组织化学标记（LSAB法）结合临床资料对8例软组织骨化性纤维粘液样瘤进行临床病理学分析。结果：8例患者均为中老年人,年龄43－78岁,平均63岁,临床上多表现为四肢近端皮下缓慢性生长的肿块,组织学上,该肿瘤归纳起来有以下3个持征性的形态,比较独特,具有诊断性意义：（1）肿瘤境界清楚,有一层厚的纤维性假包围绕,多数病例于包膜内可见一层薄的不连续性骨壳,由成熟的化生性板层骨组成;（2）肿瘤的实质由多个大小不一,细胞密度不均的小叶组成,小叶内的瘤细胞呈圆形,卵圆形或短梭形,胞质淡染或呈嗜伊红色,核染色质细致,核分裂象偶见;（3）瘤细胞呈特征性的巢状,条束状或纤细的网格六排列,肿瘤的基质呈特征性的纤维粘液样,7例行免疫组织化学标记,结果显示瘤细胞强阳性表达波形蛋白和神经元特性烯醇化酶（7／7）,多数表达S－100蛋白（6／7）,部分表达结蛋白（2／7）,7例均有随访资料,2例分别于术后2年及15年复发。结论：软组织骨化性纤维粘液样瘤是一种好发于中老年人的具潜在低度恶性的软组织肿瘤,其特征性的骨壳结构,独特的细胞形态及其排列方式具有诊断意义。免疫组织化学检测结果支持OFT起源于雪旺细胞。     

腘窝恶性骨化性纤维黏液样肿瘤并发肺鳞状细胞癌的临床病理学观察

目的 探讨腘窝恶性骨化性纤维黏液样肿瘤(malignant ossifying fibromyxoid tumor,MOFT)并发肺部鳞状细胞癌(pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma,PSCC)的临床病理学特征及其鉴别诊断.方法 对1例58岁女性患者相继发生腘窝MOFT及PSCC的病例进行影像学、光镜观察和免疫组织化学标记.结果 X光显示左侧腘窝内侧1个卵圆形肿块,境界清楚,内有大量点状及片状不规则钙化、骨化影,术后1年CT检查发现右侧肺部多个肿瘤结节.镜下见腘窝肿块由化生性骨组织及软组织病变构成.化生骨组织形态不规则,由边缘向中央延展并形成片块状成熟骨组织,边缘无成骨细胞衬覆,未见肿瘤性成骨.非骨化区由纤维黏液样基质及圆形、卵圆形至梭形瘤细胞构成,瘤细胞密集区基质较少,瘤细胞呈实片状、结节状、粱索状或网格状排列,部分瘤细胞围绕在血管周围形成袖套状外观,瘤细胞体积较大,异型性明显,核分裂象在40～60个/50 HPF(平均50个/50 HPF);局灶性包膜内可见肿瘤浸润及脉管内瘤栓形成;肺部肿瘤活检显示为PSCC.腘窝肿瘤组织表达vimentin、CD56、CD99及NSE,局灶表达CD34、Bcl-2及α-SMA.综合上述结果,诊断为腘窝MOFT并发PSCC.结论 MOFT是一种起源未定的非常罕见的软组织恶性肿瘤,具有特征性的影像学和组织学表现,诊断MOFT前要与多种肿瘤进行鉴别,MOFT并发PSSC极其罕见.     

低度恶性纤维黏液样肉瘤临床病理分析

目的:探讨低度恶性纤维黏液样肉瘤(low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma,LGFMS)的临床病理特征和诊断要点.方法:分析3例LGFMS的临床资料,观察组织学形态、免疫表型及分子病理检测结果,讨论鉴别诊断并复习相关文献.结果:患者均为女性,中位年龄57岁,肿瘤分别位于右侧膝关节前方、右侧乳腺和左侧上颌窦.肿块最大径为2.2～10.0 cm,边界欠清,似有包膜,切面灰白,部分区域呈半透明状,质中有黏液感.镜下见肿瘤组织主要由梭形纤维母细胞样细胞构成,包括两种形态区域,其一为细胞稀疏的胶原样区域;其二为细胞相对较丰富的黏液样区域.肿瘤组织中可见较多弓形血管并伴有血管周玻璃样变性.瘤细胞形态温和,无明显异型性,核分裂象罕见.免疫组织化学染色结果示:vimentin,MUC4,CD99及bcl-2阳性表达,SMA,desmin,S100,CD34,ALK及myogenin阴性表达.发生于右侧乳腺的病例行荧光原位杂交(fluorescent in situ hybridization,FISH)检测,检出FUS基因易位.发生于右侧膝关节和乳腺的2个病例分别随访20个月和51个月,患者均无瘤生存.发生于左侧上颌窦的病例于手术后12个月死亡.结论:LGFMS常见于年轻人,但各年龄段患者均可受累.好发部位为下肢近端和躯干,少见于头颈部和乳腺.LGFMS具有温和的多样性的组织学形态,容易误诊为具有黏液样结构的其他梭形细胞肿瘤.LGFMS具有转移和复发的恶性生物学行为,治疗上需对肿块作完整切除并长期随访观察.     

纵隔低级别纤维黏液样肉瘤1例临床病理特征并文献复习

目的 探讨纵隔低级别纤维黏液样肉瘤(low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, LGFMS)的临床病理特征、诊断、鉴别诊断。方法 收集1例纵隔LGFMS临床资料，对其临床表现、影像学特点、组织学特征、免疫表型、FUS基因检测及预后进行分析，并复习相关文献。结果 肿瘤细胞呈短束状、交织状或漩涡状排列，细胞核呈圆形、卵圆形，核仁不明显，异型性不明显，部分区域可见不同程度的黏液样变，其间可见小分支样血管。免疫表型：vimentin、MUC4均阳性。FISH检测显示FUS基因断裂。结论 发生在纵隔部位的LGFMS临床较为罕见，免疫组化标记MUC4联合FISH检测有助于LGFMS的诊断。     

低度恶性纤维黏液样肉瘤3例临床病理分析

目的探讨低度恶性纤维黏液样肉瘤(low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma,LGFMS)的临床病理学特征、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法回顾性分析3例LGFMS的临床病理学特征、免疫表型等,并复习相关文献。结果3例患者均为男性,年龄48~61岁,平均51岁,临床以“无痛性软组织肿块”为首要症状,发生部位为臀部、下肢及胸壁。肿物直径较大(6.5~10 cm),均侵犯横纹肌,其中例1伴周围骨质破坏。镜下为丰富的胶原样区与黏液样区相间排列。肿瘤细胞梭形或短梭形,无明显异型性,核分裂象少见。肿瘤细胞呈短束状或涡旋状排列,间质内可见曲线形小血管。肿瘤组织中可见散在的特征性巨菊形团结构。免疫表型:肿瘤细胞MUC-4和vimentin(+),SMA少量(+),Ki-67增殖指数为10%。结论LGFMS是一种具有特殊病理形态、免疫表型及分子遗传学特征的纤维肉瘤亚型,临床过程进展缓慢,局部易复发,熟悉并掌握LGFMS的病理学特点并与其他纤维黏液性肿瘤相鉴别尤为重要。     

黏液样软组织肿瘤和瘤样病变

黏液样变是软组织肿瘤和瘤样病变的一种常见现象，其本质大多为透明质酸和酸性黏多糖。软组织肿瘤中出现的黏液样物质大多数是纤维母细胞的一种功能表现，后者除形成胶原外，还可形成黏液。有大量黏液形成的肿瘤多为低度恶性，它是瘤细胞分化成熟的一个特征。几乎所有的软组织肿瘤和瘤样病变都可发生不同程度的黏液变性，或在肿瘤的某个阶段发生黏液样变性。     

消化道低度恶性纤维黏液样肉瘤6例临床病理分析

目的 探讨消化道低度恶性纤维黏液样肉瘤(low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, LGFMS)的临床病理学特征和分子学改变。方法 回顾性分析6例消化道LGFMS的临床病理学特征、免疫表型和分子改变。采用免疫组化EnVision两步法检测蛋白表达，FISH法检测FUS基因重排情况，RNA-seq法检测FUS融合基因，并复习相关文献。结果 6例消化道LGFMS中男性4例，女性2例，患者年龄25～49岁，平均年龄和中位年龄分别为38.3岁和40岁。发生于结肠2例，胃、直肠、小肠和肠系膜各1例。5例为手术标本，肿瘤最大径2～15 cm(平均7.9 cm),1例为穿刺活检标本。低倍镜下见肿瘤多位于消化道壁内，由交替性分布的胶原性区域和黏液样区域组成，两区之间有移行。高倍镜下见瘤细胞形态一致，呈短梭形或卵圆形，核深染，染色质均匀细腻，胞质呈淡嗜伊红色。核分裂象罕见，无坏死。瘤细胞呈长束状、交织状、漩涡状或杂乱状排列。1例肿瘤内见巨菊形团结构，其中央为放射状排列的胶原纤维，周围环绕多层瘤细胞。1例含有硬化性上皮样纤维肉瘤样区域。免疫表型：6例瘤细胞均弥漫表达MUC4,1例弱表达E...     

黏液纤维肉瘤7例临床病理分析

目的 探讨黏液纤维肉瘤临床病理特点。方法收集7例黏液纤维肉瘤患者的临床及病理资料,并对手术切除的标本进行多种抗体免疫组织化学染色,抗体包括CD117、CD34、CD99、actin、S-100蛋白、vimentin等。结果黏液纤维肉瘤多见于男性,年龄37～72岁,中位年龄52岁,主要以不完全纤维性间隔的多结节行为为特征性表现,黏液区与细胞密集区交错排列,细胞密集区可见特征性曲线型血管,肿瘤细胞围绕在其周围排列。免疫表型：vimentin、CD99阳性,其他抗体多呈阴性。结论黏液纤维肉瘤为一侵袭性较强的软组织肉瘤,与多种黏液性肿瘤需要鉴别,易局部复发,宜采取以手术切除为主的综合性治疗。     

右心房黏液瘤临床病理分析并文献复习

目的：探讨右心房黏液瘤的临床病理学特点及诊断要点。方法：对2例右心房黏液瘤进行临床资料、病理形态学及免疫组织化学观察,并结合文献对其诊断及鉴别诊断进行探讨。结果：镜下黏液瘤细胞呈单个散在、条索状或呈血管形成的指环样结构排列,黏液样基质在血管周围形成晕环;瘤细胞形成原始或分化的血管趋势,基质内淋巴细胞、浆细胞浸润;瘤细胞细长、梭形或星状,胞浆嗜酸性,胞核卵圆形、圆形或细长形;瘤细胞聚集呈球状,胞浆嗜酸性,胞核卵圆形或梭形。结论：右心房黏液瘤,非常少见,因此缺乏对其认识,从而易与其他肿瘤混淆导致误诊。提高对心房黏液瘤的认识,对避免误诊是至关重要的。     

不典型骨化性纤维黏液样瘤一例

患者女,66岁.发现右侧上背部无痛性肿块20多年,起初拇指大小,球形,边界清,活动,质地较软.逐渐增大并变硬,近期增大明显,于2005年12月12日入院.体检:右侧项背部皮下触及一直径约8 cm大小肿物,坚硬如骨,可推动,无触痛,表面皮肤光滑.     

Fine‐needle aspiration features of ossifying fibromyxoid tumor in the breast: A case report and literature review

Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor (OFT) is a very rare soft tissue tumor which is characterized by incomplete peripheral mature bone shell. To date, cytological features of OFT have been poorly studied with only seven case reports. In this study, an additional case of OFT investigated by fine‐needle aspiration is presented. A 75‐year‐old man with advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma presented with peripherally calcified right breast mass. Smears were hypercellular and stroma‐rich. Tumor cells were mainly dispersed, with epithelioid morphology and eccentrically located nuclei. In the background, there was abundant eosinophilic myxoid secretion. No necrosis, atypia, or mitotic activity was found. The tumor showed diffuse S‐100, CD10, STAT6 expression and focal desmin, estrogen receptor (ER), and progesteron receptor (PgR) expression. Fluorescence in situ hybridization study revealed PHF1 rearrangement in 9% of cells. Cytological characteristic of OFT is quite distinctive and precise diagnosis can be made, especially when it is coupled with compatible radiological findings.     

椎管内炎症性肌纤维母细胞性肿瘤1例临床病理分析及文献复习

目的:探讨椎管内炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤(inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor,IMT)的临床病理特征、免疫表型和鉴别诊断。方法:对1例椎管内IMT进行临床病理分析及免疫组织化学研究,并复习相关文献。结果:术前MR显示C7-T8椎体水平硬膜下软组织肿块形成。镜下示肿瘤组织主要由梭形的纤维母细胞和肌纤维母细胞混合性增生构成,间质可见大量成熟的浆细胞、淋巴细胞为主的炎细胞浸润,免疫组化显示梭形细胞区表达vimentin、SMA及calponin部分阳性,但ALK阴性。术后随访3及6个月未见复发迹象。结论:椎管内IMT是一种少见疾病,临床与影像学表现缺乏特异性,易与发生于脊椎的神经鞘瘤、浆细胞瘤等混淆。     

Nerve cell markers in ossifying fibromyxoid tumour of soft parts

Reported herein are two benign ossifying fibromyxoid tumors (OFMTs) of the soft tissues in axilla and terminal phalanx respectively. Both cases on immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed reactivity for vimentin, S-100 protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) antibodies. In addition, a focal/diffuse strong positivity for neurofilament (NF) and neuron specific enolase (NSE) was observed. Electron microscopy in one instance revealed abundant intermediate filaments, primitive cell junctions and a focally present external lamina. In the light of nerve cell differentiation of these tumors and the similarity of IHC profile and EM features of OFMT to a poorly differentiated malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST); it is suggested that OFMT is a variably differentiated PNST rather than a simple Schwannian neoplasm as is believed.     

Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor

Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor (OFMT) is a rare tumor of unknown histogenesis. It consists of chains and trabecules of ovoid cells in the fibromyxoid stroma (ICD code 8842/0). Tumor is frequently surrounded in part by a capsule of laminar bone. It is more frequent in males 14-79 years of age, mean 44 years. Soft tissues of extremities is a preferable location, but body, neck, oral cavity, mediastinum and retroperitoneal tissue can also be the site of OFMT. More than 100 OFMT cases are reported abroad. It is frequently masked by other tumors of soft tissues. We describe 3 cases in our country: 2 in 65 and 66 year old females and in a 44 year old male. Lipoma and soft tissue sarcoma were suspected clinically. Fibroblasts were found cytologically before operation in one case. Diagnosis was established after total biopsy of the tumor. One of the females is under observation after the operation without recurrence during more than two years. Preoperative diagnosis is sometimes possible when characteristic osteoblastic foci are observed.     

Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor of soft parts: Clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of four cases

Four cases of uncommon soft tissue tumors were investigated histopathologically. All of them consisted of fibrous and myxoid components, and mature bone showed shell-like characteristics. Histological features revealed these tumors were well circumscribed by a thick collagenous fibrous capsule and composed of uniform-sized fusiform cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and a round or oval nucleus in the myxoid matrix. An incomplete shell of mature bone with lamellar structure was also observed at the periphery. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies were performed. The major component of the proliferating cells in the tumors had positive staining for vimentin, S-100 protein, neuron-specific enolase and synaptophysin. The myxoid matrix was stained by alcian blue and was digested completely by pretreatment with hyaluronidase. Electron microscopy showed the cytoplasm contained dense-core granules measuring 100-200 nm and abundant filaments of an intermediate size. It is suggested that these uncommon tumors might be diagnosed as the 'ossifying fibromyxoid tumor of soft parts' previously described by Enzinger et al., which were derived from peripheral nerve sheath tumors such as neurofibroma and myxoid neurofibroma.