不同肝病病人血清转铁蛋白糖链的变化

目的寻找新的肝癌标志物。方法选择四种凝集素即小扁豆凝集素（ＬＣＡ），欧曼陀罗凝集素（ＤＳＡ），麦胚凝集素（ＷＧＡ）和红腰豆凝集素（ＥＰＨＡ），利用点印迹方法测定了不同肝病病人血清转铁蛋白（Ｔｆ）的糖链结构。结果转移性肝癌和肝脏良性肿瘤无明显变化，慢性肝病活动及原发性肝癌中可有Ｔｆ糖链的变化，包括多天线糖链的增加，含核心岩藻糖及含平分型Ｎ－乙酰氨基葡萄糖糖链的出现，而原发性肝癌病人的Ｔｆ的多天线糖链的含量较肝硬化高。结论提示Ｔｆ的ＤＳＡ结合反应可望成为原发性肝癌的诊断指标。     

mdm2基因表达与肝细胞肝癌侵袭性的关系

以mdm2基固为指标。研究与肝细胞肝癌侵袭性有关的分子机理。应用RT—PCR方法，研究mdm2基固在34例癌组织和19例癌周肝组织中的表达情况及其与肝细胞肝癌侵袭性的关系，结果表明，mdm2基因表达值(均数±标准误)在癌组织中(50．18±5．24％)高于癌周肝组织(27．70±7．43%，P<0．05)，在侵袭性肝癌组(59．09％±7．28%)中高于非侵袭性肝癌组(37．87±6．37％，P<0．05)，而在不同大小肝癌组及不同包膜状况肝癌组中mdm2基因表达值没有显著差别。mdm2基因表达与肝细胞肝癌的侵袭性有关。     

肝癌血清标志物诊断的研究进展

(一)甲胎蛋白(AFP)变异体肝癌血清学诊断中仍首推AEP,但其尚未到达它的顶峰。AFP单克隆抗体的应用以及AFP变种的发现进一步提高了AFP的价值。Ⅰ.LCA结合性AFP亚型。武田等首先发现胚胎AFP和肝癌AFP的免疫性虽未见差异,但其糖链结构可有所不同,这可根据AFP对刀豆凝集素(ConA)和小扁豆凝集素(LCA)亲合性的差异进行分类。小林等通过植物血凝素的交叉吸附电泳法,用LCA和ConA研究了AFP亚型,发现10例肝细胞癌(HCC)和4例肝硬化(LC)或慢性肝炎的AFP均与ConA结合,但只有HCC的AFP与LCA结合。许凯黎等采用单     

碱性磷酸酶糖链分析在肝癌诊断中的价值

我们使用不同凝集素对碱性磷酸酶（ＡＬＰ）糖链结构进行分析,以寻找新的肝癌标志物。 １．资料与方法：正常血清来自体检健康者,不同疾病患者血清取自住院患者,疾病诊断均经临床或病理证实;糖链分析采用凝集素亲和层析法,包括Ｌ型红腰豆凝集素（Ｌ－ＰＨＡ）、小扁豆凝集素（ＬＣＡ）和蔓陀萝凝集素（ＤＳＡ）;统计方法为ｔ检验。 ２．结果：不同疾病患者血清ＡＬＰ的凝集素结合率结果见表１;经相关分析,血清ＡＬＰ的Ｌ－ＰＨＡ、ＬＣＡ、ＤＳＡ结合率与肿瘤（单个癌结节）最大直径及ＡＦＰ水平有关。 ３．讨论：凝集素是一类能与…     

大鼠实验性胰腺癌组织β半乳糖凝集素3和接骨木凝集素受体的表达及意义

凝集素(lectins)是动植物细胞合成和分泌的能与糖结合的蛋白质,在细胞识别和粘附中起重要作用.β-半乳糖凝集素-3(gal-3)为一种β-半乳糖结合蛋白,接骨木凝集素(sambucus nigra agglutinin,SNA)为一种唾液酸糖结合蛋白.近年研究发现,gal-3和SNA表达水平与一些恶性肿瘤的发生、进展、临床生物学行为及预后密切相关[1-4].     

肝癌转移相关的骨桥蛋白表达及其糖基化的改变

目的 检测骨桥蛋白(OPN)在不同转移潜能肝癌细胞株及肝癌组织中的蛋白表达水平及其糖基化水平,探讨OPN糖基化改变与肝癌转移的相关性及其意义. 方法 用免疫组织化学和Western blot法检测人肝癌组织(非转移组6例、转移组7例)及不同转移潜能人肝癌细胞株(L02、Hep3B、MHCC97L、MHCC97H、HCCLM3、HCCLM6)中OPN蛋白水平;采用免疫沉淀技术纯化肝癌组织中的OPN蛋白,并采用多重凝集素印迹技术检测转移与非转移肝癌组织中OPN糖基化水平差异.数据统计采用t检验和方差分析.结果 OPN在不同转移潜能肝癌细胞株的表达差异具有统计学意义(F=5.04,P＜0.01).在肝癌组织中,转移组OPN蛋白表达水平明显高于非转移组(t=2.447,P＜0.05),相对吸光度值分别为0.69±0.21和0.45±0.14.免疫沉淀技术成功纯化肝癌组织中的OPN蛋白,后续的凝集素印迹结果显示:与非转移组相比,转移组OPN蛋白对凝集素朝鲜槐、红腰果E型、蔓陀罗、刀豆素A的亲和力较低(P值均＜0.05).结论 OPN蛋白表达水平与肝癌转移潜能增强呈正相关;OPN蛋白的α2,3-唾液酸、平分型GlcNAc、多天线、偏二天线的糖链、高甘露糖型N-糖等糖基化水平改变可能与肝癌转移潜能增高有关.     

代谢和营养疾病

糖尿病性视网膜病变发病机理的研究——血脂与脂蛋白的观察朱治人等上海医学7(1):19,1984 糖尿病性视网膜病变者(糖网组)105例血清总胆固醇(TC)和甘油三酯(TG)与非糖网组(65例)无明显差异。糖网组血清HDL-C(男55.41±8.87、女56.77±8.90mg％)明显低于非糖网组(各为72.27±11.32和71.77±9.94mg％)。     

血清甲胎蛋白正常含量者测定岩藻糖化指数对肝细胞癌诊断价值的探讨

近年来不少学者报道测定甲胎蛋白(AFP)异质体可鉴别肝细胞癌(下称肝癌)与其他良性肝病,并有助于肝癌的早期诊断。AFP异质体的测定系利用其与植物凝集素的亲和能力,分为结合型与非结合型。据最近报道对人FP异质体分子结构研究,已证实其与扁豆凝集素(LCA)的亲和力是由于AFP碳水化合物链上存在岩藻糖残基,此种异质体称为岩藻糖化AFP     

树突状细胞诱导的肿瘤特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞对裸鼠人肝癌转移的预防和治疗

目的探讨肿瘤抗原特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)对裸鼠人肝癌转移模型LCI-D20的治疗作用。方法从健康人外周血单个核细胞中诱导树突状细胞,用重组人粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子和白细胞介素-4刺激活化,经人肝癌细胞株MHCC97-H肿瘤抗原致敏后,诱导肿瘤抗原特异性CTL,经腹腔注射,以自然杀伤样T淋巴细胞(CIK)和磷酸盐缓冲液为对照,研究其对LCI-D20肝癌治疗和预防转移作用。结果肿瘤抗原特异性CTL组、CIK 组和对照组肝癌肿块重量、血清甲胎蛋白含量、肝癌肝内转移率和存活期依次为(1．11±0．63)g、(1．12±0．36)g 和(2．68±0．53)g;(52．1±9．7)μg／L、(48．6±5．2)μg／L和(82．2±7．2)μg/L;16．7％、16．7％和58．3％; (79．0±5．0)d、(73．3±7．0)d和(52．3±5．2)d。对照组与前两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0．01)。结论肿瘤抗原特异性CTL可以预防LCI-D20模型肝癌发生转移,延长动物存活时间。     

反义局部粘着斑激酶脱氧寡核苷酸对肝癌细胞侵袭性生长的抑制作用

目的 观察反义局部粘着斑激酶脱氧寡核苷酸(FAK ODN)转染对肝癌细胞侵袭性生长的影响,并探讨其作用机制。 方法 以LipofecTAMINE介导的反义FAK ODN转染Bel 7402肝癌细胞株,测定Bel 7402肝癌细胞株体外生长曲线、细胞活力,测定不同时间点该细胞体外黏附能力变化,以Transwell小室测定细胞的体外侵袭能力,同时行FAK表达与细胞DNA含量的双参数流式细胞仪检测及细胞凋亡的流式细胞仪检测。 结果 p125FAK表达在反义转染组(6.49％±0.10％)显著低于正义转染组(14.33％±1.88％)与对照组(16.68％±1.62％),F=7.66,P<0.01;反义FAK ODN转染显著抑制Bel 7402肝癌细胞株的生长,其细胞活力显著下降,肿瘤细胞抑制率在30％-60％之间;细胞体外黏附能力受到显著抑制,黏附抑制率在25％-55％间;细胞的体外侵袭能力显著下降,侵袭抑制率在15％-25％之间;细胞凋亡显著增加;细胞周期分析显示S期细胞比率显著降低,细胞生长主要阻滞在G2/M期。 结论 FAK在Bel 7402肝癌细胞的黏附与迁移运动中发挥重要作用,其表达阻断显著抑制肝癌细胞的体外黏附与侵袭活性。FAK表达阻断显著抑制肝癌细胞的体外增殖,促进细胞凋亡。     

Characterization of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase from human pancreatic cancer

To elucidate the specific changes of pancreatic gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (gamma-GTP) associated with malignant transformation, some properties of gamma-GTP purified from pancreatic cancer were compared with those of gamma-GTPs from normal pancreas and other tissues. Four of five pancreatic cancer gamma-GTPs showed distinctly slower electrophoretic mobility than normal pancreatic enzymes. Isoelectric points of pancreatic cancer gamma-GTPs varied in each case, but they were all higher than those of normal pancreatic enzymes. This difference in isoelectric points of gamma-GTPs between cancerous tissue and normal tissue was reduced by neuraminidase treatment. Lectin affinity chromatography revealed two of five pancreatic cancer gamma-GTPs with a greater affinity to concanavalin A (Con A) than normal pancreas gamma-GTPs. Four of five pancreatic cancer gamma-GTPs had a greater affinity to Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) than normal pancreas gamma-GTPs. Normal pancreas gamma-GTPs had little affinity to Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinating (E-PHA), but two of five pancreatic cancer gamma-GTPs had an apparent affinity to E-PHA and one of them had a slight affinity to E-PHA. These results indicate that the transformational changes of pancreatic cancer gamma-GTP are mainly induced in the sugar chains of the enzyme molecule, resulting in lower content of sialic acid and higher content of fucose and bisecting GlcNAc residue (the beta-N-acetylglucosamine residue linked at the C-4 of the beta-mannosyl residue of the trimannosyl core of the asparagine-linked sugar chain) as compared with the normal pancreatic enzyme.     

肝细胞癌Autotaxin cDNA部分序列测定及其意义

进行肝癌Ａｕｔｏｔａｘｉｎ（ＡＴＸ）ｃＤＮＡ部分序测测定,观察ＡＴＸ ｍＰＲＮＡ在肝癌组织中的表达程序,以探讨ＡＴＸ在肝癌转移机理中的作用。方法 提取肝癌７７２１细胞株,５例正常肝组织,３２肝癌组织ＲＮＡ,参照黑色素瘤ＡＴＸ ｍＲＮＡ表达程序分析,同时７７２１细胞株ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ产物进行ｃＤＮＡ序列测定显示与黑色素具有９９。７％的同样性;癌组织ＡＴＸ ｍＲＮＡ表达显著高于正常肝组织。结论 肝癌及正常     

Differential lectin reactivities of α-fetoprotein in hepatocellular carcinoma: Diagnostic value when serum α-fetoprotein levels are slightly raised

The specificity and sensitivity of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) binding to Concanavalin-A (Con-A) and Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) in 26 South African blacks with advanced symptomatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) but only slightly raised serum AFP concentrations (20-500 ng/mL) was compared with that in patients with similar serum AFP levels from diseases that might be mistaken clinically for HCC (seven 'benign' liver disease [BLD] patients and six with metastatic liver disease [MLD] from gastrointestinal tumours). Con-A-Sepharose-4B affinity chromatography did not differentiate between the different groups: fucosylation rations for the HCC patients were 0.81 +/- 0.60, compared with 0.63 +/- 0.27 and 0.54 +/- 0.32 in patients with BLD and MLD, respectively. Electrophoresis of AFP serum and fraction in the presence or absence of Con-A and LCA showed an increase in the AFP C2 band. Rank correlation analysis of the AFP L2 and L3 bands combined could distinguish between patients with HCC and other hepatic diseases (P less than 0.05).     

Cell line specific abnormalities in expression of PNA, SBA and L-PHA binding sites by carcinogen induced rat urothelial carcinomas.

Bladder tumor cell lines derived from male F344 rats treated with N-buthyl N-(4-hydroxybuthyl) nitrosamine (BBN) or N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl] formamide (FANFT) have been established in vitro and characterized with respect to histology, karyotype, myc and c-Ha-ras oncogene expression or mutation, anchorage-independent growth and tumorigenicity in nude mice. This unique model system comprising 13 cell populations was employed to study common events during development of carcinogen-induced urothelial neoplasia. Differential expression of malignant phenotypes by these cell lines prompted us to examine their expression of carbohydrate structures binding peanut agglutinin (PNA), soy bean agglutinin (SBA) or leukoagglutinin (L-PHA), which are known indicators of tumor progression in rodents and humans. In the present study we analyzed the patterns of glycoproteins reactive with PNA and L-PHA by Western blotting. We also estimated quantitative differences in lectin binding to surfaces of normal rat urothelium and tumor cell lines by flow cytometry. The patterns of PNA or L-PHA reactive glycoproteins expressed by tumor cells were different from that of normal urothelium in culture. They were also different amongst the tumor cells. A unique non-sialylated, PNA binding glycoprotein (117 kD) was seen in the case of the highly tumorigenic F5 cell line and absent in normal urothelium as well as in other tumor cell lines. Normal cells did not express glycoprotein 60 kD binding PNA (only after desialylation), which was found in lysates of some but not all transformed cell lines. A very high molecular weight (much greater than 200), perhaps mucin-like sialoglycoprotein was found in normal urothelium but not in most of the tumor cell lines. Four major L-PHA reactive bands (greater than 200, 190, 100, 80 kD approximately) were found in normal urothelium. Some of those bands were overexpressed or missing in materials isolated from different tumor cell populations. Total cell surface binding of SBA and PNA by different tumor cell lines was very heterogenous (167-2% that of normal urothelium). No simple correlation between expression of the lectin binding glycoconjugates by urothelial carcinoma cells and other known functional, phenotypic or genetic alterations was found. We were also unable to demonstrate carcinogen-specific changes in expression of lectin binding to these tumor cell lines. Thus we conclude that lectin binding patterns are cell line specific. This may reflect distinct pathways of progression of individual cell lines. The potential sources of phenotypic variability between the cell lines were discussed.     

Telomerase activity in peripheral blood for diagnosis of hepatoma

BACKGROUND: Telomerase activity may be used as a molecular marker for the detection of circulating hepatoma cells in blood of patients with hepatoma. METHODS: Telomerase activity in peripheral blood from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients was assessed by using a highly sensitive and non-radioisotope telomerase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ELISA. Initially, tissue telomerase activity was measured in the hepatoma and non-tumour portions by using PCR ELISA within the same specimen, to compare its sensitivity with the conventional telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) method. Second, telomerase activity was measured in the peripheral blood obtained from patients with HCC, patients with chronic liver disease and in healthy controls. RESULTS: Of the 17 HCC patients, telomerase activity was found to be positive in 14 (82%) by using TRAP and 15 (88%) by using PCR ELISA, indicating that PCR ELISA is a reliable tool for the measurement of telomerase activity. By using the Telomerase PCR ELISA assay, telomerase activities in the peripheral blood of 20 HCC patients was 1.65 +/- 0.78 units. This was significantly greater than the results obtained for 20 chronic liver disease patients (0.43 +/- 0.36 units) and 20 healthy controls (0.39 +/- 0.14 units; P < 0.0001).When the arbitrary cut-off level was set at 0.7 units (maximum value of healthy controls + 0.1), the positive frequency of telomerase activity was 25% for chronic liver disease and 80% for HCC patients (sensitivity 80%, specificity 75%). Among the HCC patients, high telomerase activity in the peripheral blood was shown at stage III HCC with vascular invasion (2.10 +/- 0.62 units, n = 9). This was significantly higher than patients at stage II of HCC (1.28 +/- 0.72 units, n = 11, without vascular invasion; P = 0.012). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that peripheral blood telomerase activity, which may reflect haematogenous micrometastasis, is potentially a practical diagnostic/predictive marker of HCC.     

Aberrant glycosylation of the anti-Thomsen-Friedenreich glycotope immunoglobulin G in gastric cancer patients

AIM: To study whether alterations in the glycosylation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) specific to the ThomsenFriedenreich glycotope (TF) have diagnostic and prognostic potential in gastric cancer. METHODS: Serum samples were obtained from patients with histologically verified gastric carcinoma (n = 89), healthy blood donors (n = 40), and patients with benign stomach diseases (n = 22). The lectin-enzymelinked immunosorbent assay-based glycoprofiling of TF-specific IgG (anti-TF IgG) was performed using synthetic TF-polyacrylamide conjugate as antigen, total IgG purified by affinity chromatography on protein G sepharose, and lectins of various sugar specificities: mannose-specific concanavalin A (ConA), fucose-specificAleuria aurantia lectin (AAL) and sialic acid-specific Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA). The sensitivity and specificity of the differences between cancer patients and controls were evaluated by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Overall survival was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Time-dependent ROC curve statistics were applied to determine cut-off values for survival analysis. All calculations and comparisons were performed using the GraphPad Prism 5 and SPSS 15.0 software.RESULTS: The level of TF-specific IgG was significantly increased in cancer patients compared with non-cancer controls (P < 0.001). This increase was pronounced mostly in stage 1 of the disease. Cancer patients showed a higher level of ConA binding to antiTF-IgG (P < 0.05) and a very low level of SNA lectin binding (P = 0.0001). No appreciable stage-dependency of the binding of any lectin to anti-TF IgG was found. A strong positive correlation between the binding of AAL and SNA was found in all groups studied (r = 0.71-0.72; P < 0.0001). The changes in ConA reactivity were not related to those of the fucoseor sialic acid-specific lectin. Changes in the SNA binding index and the ConA/SNA binding ratio demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity for stomach cancer: sensitivity 78.79% (95%CI: 61.09-91.0     

人肝癌细胞转移相关蛋白膜联蛋白Ⅱ的筛查与分析

目的应用糖组学方法筛查肝癌转移相关的异常核心岩藻糖基化蛋白,分析膜联蛋白Ⅱ（annexinⅡ）与肝癌细胞转移的关系。方法双向电泳（2-DE）、凝集素亲和印迹及沉淀联合质谱筛查并验证肝癌转移相关核心岩藻糖基化蛋白；实时荧光定量PCR、细胞免疫荧光和Western blot测定annexinⅡ基因和蛋白表达。结果不同转移潜能人肝癌细胞有核心岩藻糖基化蛋白差异表达,鉴定并验证annexinⅡ岩藻糖基化与肝癌转移相关；它分布于细胞质,在MHCC97-L和MHCC97-H中基因和蛋白质表达较Hep3B高。结论AnnexinⅡ转录、翻译水平和核心岩藻糖基化增加可能与肝癌转移潜能相关。     

Highly enhanced fucosylation of serum glycoproteins in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND: We recently reported that the measurement of Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive species of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) and transferrin (TF) is useful for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and that the molecular basis for this reactivity is fucosylation at the innermost N-acetylglucosamine residue of a biantennary sugar chain. However, the precise relationship of the fucosylation of AFP, AAT and TF in patients with HCC and liver cirrhosis is not fully understood. The aim of this study is to delineate the relationship of the fucosylation between these three glycoproteins in HCC. METHODS: Three hundred and thirty-four patients with HCC were referred to our university hospital from 1987 to 1997. An increase in serum AFP (> 20 ng/mL) was observed in 233 (69.8%) patients with HCC. From these 233 patients with AFP-producing HCC, 60 serum samples were randomly selected and used in the present study. As a reference, samples from 60 patients with liver cirrhosis, in which 30 had increased AFP, were used. Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA)-reactive species were determined by crossed immunoaffinoelectrophoresis (CIAE). The contents of the fucosylated biantennary chain of purified AAT and TF samples were determined as pyridylamino derivatives of each oligosaccharide with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS: There was a highly significant correlation between LCA-reactive species by CIAE and pyridyl-amino-fucosylated biantennary sugar chain by HPLC in both AAT and TF. Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive species of AFP, AAT and TF in HCC were significantly higher than those in liver cirrhosis. A highly statistically significant positive correlation of fucosylated glycans was observed between AAT and TF in both HCC and liver cirrhosis, but not between AFP and AAT or between AFP and TF. Accordingly, the present results indicate that highly enhanced fucosylation of serum glycoproteins was found in HCC compared with liver cirrhosis and that the combination of measurements of fucosylated AFP with AAT or TF were useful for the diagnosis of HCC.