Management of asymptomatic ventricular septal defect

A patient with a small ventricular septal defect should not be subjected to operative closure of the defect. Such a ventricular septal defect is characterized by a normal second sound, normal electrocardiorgram, normal thoracic roentgenogram and echocardiogram. If the patient is catheterised, the pulmonary and right ventricular pressures are normal and the pulmonary blood flow is less than twice the systemic blood flow. If left alone a patient with such a defect is not likely to develop any difficulty throughout his life because of the defect itself, however, a periodic assessment of the patient is necessary. The patient and the parents should be advised regarding prophylaxis against infective endocarditis.     

膜周部室间隔缺损封堵术后Amplatzer封堵器塑形变化对近期疗效的影响

目的探讨膜周部室间隔缺损(perimembranous ventricular septal defect ,PMVSD)封堵术后Amplatzer封堵器(amplatzer asymmetric ventricular septal defect occluder ,AAVSDO)塑形变化对近期疗效的影响.方法共23例PMVSD患者接受Amplatzer封堵术,其中男10例,女13例.所有患者于术后即刻、72 h、6个月和1年行经胸超声心动图(transthoracic echocardiography examination ,TTE)及相同投照体位X线检查.TTE于左室长轴切面测定封堵器左侧盘上缘至主动脉瓣间距(L1).所采集的X线影像经计算机分析系统测量封堵器双盘上缘间距(L2)、下缘间距(L3)、封堵器厚度(L4)、封堵器双盘的直径(D1、D2)和封堵器双盘间夹角(α),以评价近期封堵疗效及可能产生的影响.结果 23例完成术后72 h及6个月随访,12例完成1年随访.术后6个月时L2、L4、α较术后72 h缩小而D1、D2增加(均P＜0.05),提示封堵器厚度变薄、剖面径(profile)减小;术后1年α较术后6个月进一步减小(P<0.05),封堵器双盘更接近平行,而其余指标的差异无显著意义(均P>0.05).L4与封堵器直径(r分别为0.47、0.33、0.39)和α(r分别为0.47、0.53、0.49)呈弱正相关,与D1(r分别为-0.27、-0.45、-0.29)呈弱的负相关.结论 Amplatzer封堵器置入患者体内后,封堵器厚度及剖面径随置入时间推移而逐渐减小,这种塑形变化于术后6个月最为显著,1年时达到稳定.近期随访显示这种变化是安全的,有利于提高完全封堵率.     

Pulmonary atresia with obstructed ventricular septal defect

Summary Two patients with pulmonary atresia had a loud holosystolic murmur and an obstructed ventricular septal defect. Case 1 simulated pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum, presenting at 3 months of age with venous congestion, severe tricuspid regurgitation, and suprasystemic right ventricular pressure. Case 2 had a right ventricular systolic pressure that was initially at the systemic level but had increased to a suprasystemic level by 3 years of age. Autopsy showed that the ventricular septal defect was large in each case but was obstructed by tricuspid valve tissue in case 1 and by a hypertrophied septal band in case 2.Supported in part by the University of Illinois Foundation Goodenberger Medical Research Grant (2-44-33-66-3-14)     

Mobius syndrome associated with ventricular septal defect

We report a 10-year-old boy with Mobius syndrome (MS) associated with ventricular septal defect who was delivered after an unsuccessful curettage before the 10th week of gestation. Methylergobasine which is an ergot alkaloid was also applied during the curettage procedure. Despite of the curettage procedure, the pregnancy was continued and he was delivered. His developmental milestones were delayed. On account of this case, we think that direct mechanical fetal trauma and vasoconstriction or both may cause MS. But, further extensive studies are needed to verify this hypothesis.     

Evolution of traumatically acquired infracristal ventricular septal defect

Summary Nonpenetrating traumatic rupture of the ventricular septum is rare. This case report describes the evolution of such a lesion documented by echocardiography and color flow Doppler. Included is a brief discussion of postulated mechanisms for this rare phenomenon.     

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目的探讨三维超声心动图(3DE)在圆锥动脉干畸形(CTD)室间隔缺损(VSD)定量研究中的准确性及其临床意义。方法2000年5月至2003年11月在上海儿童医学中心住院且二维超声心动图(2DE)、经胸3DE、心血管造影及手术等定量测量结果完整的CTD患儿共63例,将3DE测量结果与2DE、造影及手术测值对比。结果方差分析、SNK均数间两两比较及相关分析显示,3DEVSD长径测值为1.69cm(从右室面)和1.63cm(从左室面),虽较手术测值(1.84cm)低估,但低估程度小于2DE测值(1.27cm)及造影测值(1.12cm);3DE与手术测值的相关性(r=0.74)明显高于2DE(r=0.39)及造影测值(r=0.25)。3DEVSD短径测值与造影测值相接近,两者比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。3DEVSD短径测值与2DE及造影测值的相关性(r=0.45,r=0.54)高于3DEVSD长径测值与2DE及造影测值的相关性(r=0.37,r=0.44)。3DEVSD面积测值与手术测值呈良好相关(r=0.57)。结论3DE可作为CTDVSD定量分析的又一无创手段,能提供较2DE更准确的定量诊断。     

室间隔缺损的治疗进展

室间隔缺损是儿童最常见的先天性心脏畸形之一.其临床处理方法主要有外科手术修补、经导管介入封堵及镶嵌治疗.体外循环下行外科修补为其传统治疗方法,而作为新的手术方式,经导管介入封堵和镶嵌治疗因具有创伤小、并发症少等优点,成为该领域国内外应用及研究的热点.该文就近年来室间隔缺损三种主要治疗方法的适应证、并发症及最新进展作一综述,以探讨单纯性室间隔缺损的合理治疗方案.     

Transcatheter device closure of muscular ventricular septal defect

Traditional treatment of muscular ventricular septal defect (VSD) is surgical closure, but it carries considerable morbidity and mortality. The Amplatzer muscular VSD occluder (AGA?Medical Corporation, Plymouth, MN, USA) was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration in September 2007 and by the Taiwan Department of Health in September 2009. It is a self-expandable double-disc device made from a nitinol wire mesh. Dacron polyester patches are sewn into each disc and the connecting waist to increase the thrombogenicity of the device. Many reports have shown that transcatheter device closure of muscular VSDs is effective and safe. It has no scar, less pain, shorter hospital stay, and less cost compared to the traditional open heart surgery.     

Discrete sub-aortic stenosis and ventricular septal defect.

We present details of 15 children, aged 3 months to 11 years, with discrete sub-aortic stenosis and ventricular septal defect. We emphasise a high index of clinical suspicion and echocardiography as the best means of diagnosing this dangerous combination. Physical signs were those of ventricular septal defect in all patients, with auscultatory evidence of additional sub-aortic stenosis in only one. Five patients had a short early diastolic murmur of mild aortic incompetence. The electrocardiograph showed isolated left ventricular hypertrophy in eight patients. Cardiac catheterisation and angiography identified the ventricular septal defect in all cases but detected the sub-aortic stenosis in only eight. Cross sectional echocardiography showed both lesions in all 11 patients to whom it was available.     

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目的探讨经胸超声心动图(TTE)及实时三维超声心动图在房间隔缺损(ASD)、室间隔缺损(VSD)封堵术中的临床应用价值。方法应用二维及三维超声心动图对2004-10—2005-10在天津市儿童医院就诊的24例继发孔ASD,10例VSD进行术前检查筛选,术中超声引导及术后随访检查。结果24例ASD患儿术前经TTE检测ASD直径(15·6±7·9)mm(5~26mm),所选Mmplatzer封堵器直径为(19·1±5·1)mm(5~32mm),23例封堵成功。室间隔膜部缺损直径:左室面缺损为5~9mm,右室侧口的直径为2·4~6·0mm,术中选择Amplatzer封堵器型号为4~6mm,10例VSD无残余分流。结论二维及三维TTE联合应用于ASD、VSD介入治疗具有很好的应用价值。     

Closure of ventricular septal defect through the pulmonary artery

Summary A transpulmonary arterial approach to the closure of a high ventricular septal defect (VSD) has been used, between 1978 and 1982, in eight patients. The reasons were ease of access and the wish to overcome the problems associated with right ventriculotomy. The patients' ages ranged from three weeks to 15 months, their weight from 2.9 kg to 9 kg. The approach was used both when the VSD was an isolated anomaly and when there were major associated defects. It is in this latter group, four with aortic arch anomalies, two with additional double outlet right ventricle (DORV), that avoidance of ventriculotomy was most helpful. It was especially important in the two patients with DORV and a perimembranous, outlet subpulmonary VSD, where it was possible to close off the left ventricular outflow tract and pulmonary valve using a patch, without opening the right ventricle, which was subsequently to become the systemic ventricle. This technique obviates the need for ventriculotomy in the closure of some perimembranous outlet and doubly committed subarterial VSDs, and is the approach of choice for the closure of a perimembranous, outlet, subpulmonary VSD in DORV.