Improvement in pinch function after surgical treatment for thumb in the plane of the hand

Thumb in the plane of the hand (TPH) is a congenital deformity in which the nail plane of the radial-most digit is parallel to that of other digits, but structurally the digit retains the characteristics of a thumb. Four hands from four patients were retrospectively diagnosed as having TPH, with the underlying congenital conditions being symbrachydactyly, cleft hand and constriction band syndrome. Thumb web-plasty was carried out in all hands; one required additional rotation osteotomy of the metacarpal. Postoperative hand function was markedly improved and pinch function was possible in all cases. In most cases of TPH, the thumb has the potential to act in opposition, indicating that a thumb web-plasty is worth considering as an initial procedure.     

Surgical correction of claw fingers in Hansen's disease by palmar plate shortening and pulley advancement

A simple technique has been used to correct the clawing of fingers in patients with Hansen's disease. The distal part of the palmar plate is excised and the remaining portion is advanced and sutured with a single horizontal mattress suture to prevent hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal joint. A pulley advancement is also done. One hundred five claw hands were corrected in 99 patients from December 1985 to September 1988. Follow-up period varied from 6 months to 3 1/2 years. The results were assessed for correction of deformity, power grip, motion, and function. Out of 94 hands that were followed up after operation, power grip remained static in most cases. Correction of deformity was satisfactory in 85 hands, motion and function of the fingers were satisfactory in 63 hands, and correction of the clawing was statistically significant in two fingers (p less than 0.01).     

Epiphyseal destruction of children's hands after frostbite: a report of two cases

Two cases of epiphyseal destruction resulting from frostbite in the hands of children are reported. The most significant change observed on the x-ray film was the absence of the epiphyses. Stunted growth and mild flexion deformity of the fingers are characteristic sequelae.     

Flexor digitorum superficialis tendon transfer for intrinsic replacement : Long-term results and the effect on donor fingers

This study is a review of 127 hands in 100 patients in whom one or two FDS tendons were used to correct claw-hand deformity and/or loss of opposition of the thumb. In lumbrical replacement the results were graded as excellent in 16 hands (21%) and good in 43 hands (57%). For opponensplasty the results were excellent in 26 hands (32%) and good in 42 hands (51%). Possible defects that can develop in the donor finger are: swan-neck deformity, flexion posture of the DIP joint, not as part of the swan-neck deformity, check-rein deformity or flexion contracture, and insufficient finger flexion. Of the 158 fingers swan-neck deformity was seen in 15%, DIP flexion in 29%, check-rein deformity in 26% and insufficient finger flexion in 18%. The latter occurred with another defect. In 48 fingers (30%) no defects were observed.     

Congenital clasped thumb: a review of forty-three cases

Over a 10-year period, 43 patients (75 hands) with congenital clasped thumb were seen in our institution. Three groups were identified: group I, 14 patients (24 hands) without contracture; group II, 14 patients (21 hands) with contractures of the palmar side; and group III, 15 patients (30 hands) with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita. Forty-two hands were treated with splinting alone and 16 hands with surgery. The remaining 17 hands were followed conservatively without splinting or surgery. The mean follow-up was 32 months. The results were evaluated by active abduction of the carpometacarpal joint and extension of metacarpophalangeal joint. All patients in group I showed good response to splinting, and the cause of the deformity appeared to be the predominance of the flexor muscles. In groups II and III, 10 patients (16 hands) who had severe deformity or no response to splinting were treated by release of the palmar soft tissues, skin grafts, and reconstruction of the extensors. Satisfactory results were obtained in 12 of 16 hands.     

先天性肌肉、肌腱缺如或发育不良11例报告

目的 报告国内较为罕见的肌肉、肌腱先天性缺如或发育不良病例的症状和治疗。方法 回顾并分析1996年8月至2002年8月我科所收治的11例18侧先天性肌肉肌腱缺如或发育不良患者病史。其中，涉及拇指影响拇指功能的8例14侧，涉及其他手指或腕关节的3例4侧。统计受累肌肉以大鱼际肌为主，肌腱移位为主要的治疗方法。结果 采用肌腱移位术后，外观得以改善，畸形均矫正，功能恢复较满意。结论 肌肉肌腱缺如或发育不良较为少见，其中以拇指大鱼际肌及拇长伸肌腱缺如最为常见。发病原因目前尚无确切的结论。选用合适的动力肌行移位术可使功能得到较好恢复，手术疗效满意。     

Treatment of 151 deeply burned hands in the early stage]

The paper presents the treatment of 151 deeply burned hands out of 294 burned hands of 210 cases. During 44 months, 907 burned patients were treated in our department. It is learned that the first three weeks after burn is the key opportunity for preserving hand functions. In this period, active treatment can reduce the deformity of the hand and shorten the time of treatment. For wound with infection or not, skin burn only or complicated by injury of tendon, nerve, muscle, or with exposed bones should be covered with various ways and treated actively in the first three weeks.     

Results of treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome with associated hourglass deformity of the median nerve

Two hundred twenty-seven successive cases of carpal tunnel syndrome confirmed by abnormal electrodiagnostic studies were reviewed. All cases underwent open carpal tunnel release by a single surgeon over a 3-year period. Thirty-two hands (14% of all cases) in 29 patients demonstrated an hourglass deformity at the time of surgery. Electrodiagnostic tests revealed no evidence of any other type of peripheral neuropathy in any patient. Postoperative electrodiagnostic studies were obtained in all cases on completion of therapy. The length of the follow-up period averaged 11 months (range, 3-35 months). The duration of preoperative symptoms ranged from 2 years to more than 10 years. Twenty-eight of the 32 hands (88%) with hourglass deformities demonstrated subjective clinical improvement or complete resolution of symptoms. Chronicity of symptoms and electrophysiologic severity did not correlate with the presence of the hourglass deformity. Presence of hourglass compression of the median nerve in carpal tunnel syndrome is therefore not a negative prognostic indicator.     

A variant of Cenani-Lenz syndactyly (CLS): review of the literature and attempt of classification.

An oligodactylous variant of Cenani-Lenz syndactyly and its surgical treatment is presented. The deformity is believed to be of autosomal recessive inheritance and caused by a disordered axial and longitudinal differentiation of the upper and lower extremities. The classical form is mainly characterised by a complete syndactyly of the hands. Malformations may also affect the bones of the forearm and, to a lesser extent, the lower limbs. We analysed clinical features and compared them with those previously described. According to our research of literature and our clinical findings there seem to exist two grossly different clinical phenotypes: spoon hand type and oligodactyly type. Typical constant clinical features such as carpal, metacarpal and digital synostoses, disorganisation of carpal bones, reduction of digital rays and syndactyly of toes are found in the reported cases. Inconstant features such as radio-ulnar synostosis, brachymesomelia, metatarsal synostoses and reduction of metatarsal rays may be present. In our case, successful bilateral digital ray individualisation and tendon transfers were performed to construct a grip function of the grossly deformed hands.     

小儿手烧伤后瘢痕畸形的综合治疗经验

目的:总结56例小儿手烧伤后及早进行瘢痕畸形修复的综合治疗经验。方法:2006年8月～2010年12月对56例(67只手)烧伤后2～6个月手畸形患儿,在气管插管全身麻醉下手术,采用瘢痕松解或切除植皮、局部"Z"成形或"V-Y"皮瓣转移推进、皮瓣修复。术后即进行抗瘢痕挛缩的康复训练。结果:38例患儿移植皮片全部存活;10例患儿移植皮片表皮有少许脱落;6例患儿移植皮片切口边缘有开裂、部分皮片坏死,经换药后愈合;2例患儿移植皮片大部分感染坏死,需再次行植皮手术。术后经过6个月康复锻炼后,手部功能优18例(20只手),功能良好25例(30只手),可7例(9只手),差6例(8只手)。结论:小儿手瘢痕畸形的治疗时间、术中细节及早期进行康复锻炼对术后的效果有很大的影响。     

拉长式弹性牵引矫治烧伤后爪形手畸形

目的 探讨修复烧伤后爪形手畸形的新途径.方法 2006年5月至2010年7月,对12例瘢痕切除松解植皮或皮瓣移植术后畸形矫正不满意的烧伤爪形手,应用个性化手功能支具结合橡皮筋、指端克氏针(或粘胶带)对手指进行拉长式弹性牵引.结果 术后随访0.5～2年,弹性牵引对烧伤爪形手中存在的掌指关节过伸畸形、近侧指间关节屈曲畸形、虎口挛缩均有效果,可将屈曲短缩的手指拉长,也有利于掌弓复位.少部分(8/28)拉长复位的近侧指间关节屈曲畸形复发或关节不稳,需关节融合.结论 拉长式弹性牵引是矫治烧伤后爪形手畸形的有效方法,损伤小,效果较稳定.     

Midline cleft of the lower lip associated with Robinow syndrome.

Robinow syndrome (also named "fetal face syndrome") includes a series of anomalies including mesomelic brachymelia, bifid terminal phalanges of the hands and feet, abnormalities of vertebrae and ribs, and hypoplastic external genitalia. A midline cleft of the lower lip and mandible is an extremely rare maxillofacial deformity. Seventy cases have so far been described to our knowledge. We report a patient with Robinow syndrome and midline cleft of the lower lip and mandible and describe the reconstruction of these anomalies. We propose that this anomaly should be added to the range of malformations associated with the syndrome.     

拉长式弹性牵引矫治烧伤后爪形手畸形

目的 探讨修复烧伤后爪形手畸形的新途径.方法 2006年5月至2010年7月,对12例瘢痕切除松解植皮或皮瓣移植术后畸形矫正不满意的烧伤爪形手,应用个性化手功能支具结合橡皮筋、指端克氏针(或粘胶带)对手指进行拉长式弹性牵引.结果 术后随访0.5～2年,弹性牵引对烧伤爪形手中存在的掌指关节过伸畸形、近侧指间关节屈曲畸形、虎口挛缩均有效果,可将屈曲短缩的手指拉长,也有利于掌弓复位.少部分(8/28)拉长复位的近侧指间关节屈曲畸形复发或关节不稳,需关节融合.结论 拉长式弹性牵引是矫治烧伤后爪形手畸形的有效方法,损伤小,效果较稳定.     

拉长式弹性牵引矫治烧伤后爪形手畸形

目的 探讨修复烧伤后爪形手畸形的新途径.方法 2006年5月至2010年7月,对12例瘢痕切除松解植皮或皮瓣移植术后畸形矫正不满意的烧伤爪形手,应用个性化手功能支具结合橡皮筋、指端克氏针(或粘胶带)对手指进行拉长式弹性牵引.结果 术后随访0.5～2年,弹性牵引对烧伤爪形手中存在的掌指关节过伸畸形、近侧指间关节屈曲畸形、虎口挛缩均有效果,可将屈曲短缩的手指拉长,也有利于掌弓复位.少部分(8/28)拉长复位的近侧指间关节屈曲畸形复发或关节不稳,需关节融合.结论 拉长式弹性牵引是矫治烧伤后爪形手畸形的有效方法,损伤小,效果较稳定.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate a new method for correction of claw hand deformity after burns. Methods From May 2006 to Jul. 2010, 12 patients with claw hands deformities after burns were treated with skin grafts (11 hands) and skin flap(1 hand) with unsatisfactory results. Then elastic traction (skin traction or skeletal traction) were performed with individual functional brace. Results All patients were followed up for 0. 5 to 2 years. Elastic traction was effective in the correction of metacarpophalangeal joint deformity, buttonhole deformity, thumb-in-palm deformity, scar contracture, and palmar arch deformity. Conclusions Elastic traction is a simple and effective way for the correction of claw hand deformity after burns with less morbidity and stable results.     

Midline cleft of the lower lip associated with Robinow syndrome

Robinow syndrome (also named “fetal face syndrome”) includes a series of anomalies including mesomelic brachymelia, bifid terminal phalanges of the hands and feet, abnormalities of vertebrae and ribs, and hypoplastic external genitalia. A midline cleft of the lower lip and mandible is an extremely rare maxillofacial deformity. Seventy cases have so far been described to our knowledge. We report a patient with Robinow syndrome and midline cleft of the lower lip and mandible and describe the reconstruction of these anomalies. We propose that this anomaly should be added to the range of malformations associated with the syndrome.     

Results of transfer of the flexor digitorum superficialis tendons to the flexor digitorum profundus tendons in adults with acquired spasticity of the hand

Thirty-one patients who had transfer of the flexor digitorum superficialis tendons to the flexor digitorum profundus tendons en masse in thirty-four non-functional spastic hands were examined at an average of fifty months postoperatively. All of the patients had had a clenched-fist deformity preoperatively, with severe hygienic problems of the palmar skin and no active function of the hand. Postoperatively, all of the hands were in an open position, which allowed for good hygiene of the palmar surface. A minor wound infection developed in three patients. Neurectomy of the motor branch of the ulnar nerve distal to the Guyon canal was needed for control of spasticity of the intrinsic muscles in twenty-five hands. An intrinsic-minus deformity did not develop in any of the hands that had neurectomy of the ulnar nerve, although an intrinsic-plus deformity developed in seven of the nine hands that did not have a neurectomy.     

Trapezius sparing minimally aggressive surgical technique for sprengel deformity: A case report

Sprengel deformity is a rare congenital anomaly of the pectoral girdle of unknown incidence. Surgical intervention is indicated in moderate to severe cases having functional and cosmetic impairment. Various surgical corrective procedures have evolved over the past decades, however the extensive magnitude of some of the surgical techniques have sometimes resulted in an unwarranted worse outcome due to associated complications like brachial plexus palsy, scapular winging, sternoclavicular joint prominence, improper scar healing and keloid formation which restrict such procedures to experienced hands at few centres. We report a case of Cavendish grade 3 Sprengel deformity in a five-year-old boy managed with a minimally aggressive modified technique of preserving the trapezius and restricting the surgery to excision of omovertebral bar and supraspinatous part of scapula by a transverse incision overlying the spine of scapula. In Sprengel deformity, the trapezius attached to the elevated scapula is underdeveloped and the technique of retraction instead of detachment of this muscle during surgery, can prevent scar adhesions and improve wound healing. In our patient, satisfactory cosmetic correction and good functional shoulder movements were achieved with minimal intervention.     

Three tendon transfer methods in reconstruction of ulnar nerve palsy

PURPOSE: This study was designed to investigate the efficacy of 3 different tendon transfer techniques in restoring grip strength, correcting claw hand deformity, and improving hand function after irreparable ulnar nerve palsy. METHOD: A total of 44 patients were assessed 14 to 96 months after surgery. Twenty-four patients were reconstructed with the flexor digitorum 4-tail (FDS 4-tail) procedure, 11 with the extensor carpi radialis 4-tail (ECRL 4-tail) procedure and 9 with Zancolli's Lasso procedure (ZLP) with mean paralysis times of 47, 51, and 32 months, respectively. Grip strength measurements, improvement in active range of motion at the PIP and wrist joints, patients' ability to fully open and close their hands, as well as the sequence of phalangeal flexion were analyzed. RESULTS: Age, sex, mean follow-up duration, and surgical technique did not relate statistically to the functional outcome. Preoperative extensor lag of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint and mean paralysis time, however, significantly affected the functional outcome. The ZLP and the ECRL 4-tail were found to be the most effective technique in restoring grip strength. The FDS 4-tail procedure, however, was the most successful in correcting the claw hand deformity, especially in long-standing paralysis in which there was elongation of the extensor apparatus. CONCLUSIONS: In short-term paralysis in which patients predominantly need grip strength and claw finger deformity correction, the ZLP or ECRL 4-tail procedures are recommended. In long-standing cases with extensor lag, asynchronous finger motion should be corrected with the FDS 4-tail procedure.     

Characteristics of patients with congenital clasped thumb: a prospective study of 40 patients with the results of treatment

Purpose  Congenital clasped thumb is a deformity that is associated with heterogeneous congenital anomalies and it has been addressed in many congenital syndromes. The aim of this study was to diagnose and evaluate cases of clasped thumb as regards the associated congenital anomalies and syndromes, and evaluation of the results of treatment of such cases. Methods  A prospective study on 40 patients with 73 clasped thumbs was done. All the patients’ data regarding their personal, family, pregnancy and developmental histories were recorded. All the patients were exposed to thorough clinical and radiological examination and genetic assessment. The cases were classified using the Tsuyuguchi et al. (J Hand Surg [Am] 10:613–618, 1985) classification into three types. Conservative treatment was adopted in ten hands, and surgical treatment was performed for 28 hands in 17 patients, with an average follow-up of 26 months. Results  Positive consanguinity was recorded in 57.5% of cases. Associated anomalies were recorded in 77.5% of cases. Type I was the most common one, followed by type III and then type II. Conservative treatment is effective in type I cases when presented early, and all patients were satisfied with the results of surgical treatment. Conclusions  We reported associated anomalies which are to our knowledge have not mentioned before in the literature which include; congenital blindness, radial deviation of the index finger and ventricular septal defect. We found that 68% of the patients had associated syndromes, and this has not been mentioned before. In this study, we found that there were no difference between type II and type III clasped thumb as regards the pathological findings, severity, the operative procedures, the treatment protocol and the operative results. Properly planned treatment gives satisfactory results.     

系统康复治疗手烧伤的效果及成本评价

目的 了解手烧伤后系统康复治疗的效果,并从经济学角度评价康复治疗的成本.方法 将62例烧伤患者98只患手分为康复组(32例,48只患手)和对照组(30例,50只患手),康复组在烧伤后早期进行系统康复冶疗,对照组给予指导性教育.于治疗前及治疗5个月后采用Carroll 上肢功能评定标准,对2组患者上肢及手的整体功能包括从粗大到精细的抓、握、捏、夹,前臂旋前、旋后,取物、放物及写字等进行定量评定,比较系统康复治疗前后功能恢复情况.统计2组患者5个月内的相关医疗费用,进行成本效果分析. 结果 康复组:37只手的对指、对掌、握、捏功能恢复良好,患者能够独立完成进食、穿衣、如厕、整理个人卫生等日常活动;7只手的对指、对掌、握、捏功能恢复过半,掌指关节恢复较好,而指间关节相对较差,患者可完成手的抓握等粗大动作.精细动作相对较差.灵活、协调性动作较差;4只手困残余肉芽创面,未严格按处方要求坚持治疗,手各关节活动度差,功能受限.对照组:23只手进行了修复手术,14只手功能恢复较好,多数精细动作相对较差.灵活、协调性动作较差,13只手出现严重的爪形手.康复组患者总成本平均值与甲均功能增量值的比值为181±11,明显低于对照组(298±30,P<0.01). 结论 系统康复治疗对手烧伤后畸形有良好的预防和治疗作用,可促进手功能的恢复,改善手部外观.从经济学角度分析,手烧伤后早期进行规范的系统康复治疗是经济、有效的.