接触铅作业工人的染色体畸变观察

铅及其化合物对接触铅者的遗传损伤情况已逐渐现引起了学者们的重视。已有多篇文献报道接触高剂量铅可引起明显的染色体损伤,并且损伤程度与其血铅水平相关。但接触铅浓度在最高容许浓度左右的工人染色体损伤情况资料较少,我们对某印刷厂84例接触铅工人的染色体损伤情况进行了调查,并对调查结果进行了分析比较。     

染色体畸变实验用细胞（CHL细胞）培养方法

某些药物可以造成染色体的损伤 ,对哺乳动物细胞进行培养 ,加或不加代谢活化系统条件下使其与药物接触一定时间 ,然后收获细胞制备染色体标本 ,可以进行畸变分析。目前 ,国内已用于检测药物染色体畸变的细胞株为中国仓鼠肺成纤维细胞 (CHL ,V79)及中国仓鼠卵巢细胞 (CHO)。本文介绍CHL细胞的培养方法及注意事项。1　实验仪器的处理1 1　玻璃器皿 :①浸泡 :新购进的玻璃器皿先用自来水浸泡过夜 ,水洗 ,然后用 2～ 5 %的HCL浸泡过夜或煮沸 30分钟 ,水洗 ;②刷洗 :③浸酸 :浸泡于洗液 2 4小时 ,及用不小于 4小时 (洗液由重铬酸钾和浓硫酸…     

染色体畸变分析实验条件探讨

目的探讨如何确立外周血淋巴细胞培养染色体畸变分析实验条件,以获得良好的制片效果。方法在已消毒好备用的超净台内,用碘伏消毒采血管的头部,轻轻混匀后接种,加入秋水仙素工作液,经混匀、培养、收集细胞并离心后,弃上清液,加入低渗液混匀,给予预固定;重复固定后依细胞数量加入适量固定液,制片、染色、气干。于低倍镜下细致观察,计数200个分裂相。结果细胞生长良好,分裂指数高,能够满足分析要求,染色体分散均匀,着色良好,长短适中,两条姐妹染色体大致平行分离,着丝粒清晰。结论寻找适合自己实验室的实验条件能提高染色体畸变的检出率和阅片速度,及时准确地反映辐射损伤情况,对放射工作人员健康进行监护,为意外放射性损伤事故进行生物剂量估算,为放射患者诊断与治疗提供依据。     

胃癌患者外周血淋巴细胞微核,姊妹染色单体互换及染色体畸变的观察

对16例胃癌患者和16例正常健康人的外周血淋巴细胞的微核、姊妹染色单体互换(SCE)以及染色体畸变进行了观察和比较。结果发现,正常健康人和患者的微核率分别为0.053％和0.197％;SCE频率均值为6.34±0.46和10.17±1.24;染色体畸变率分别为2.71％和6.67％。胃癌患者均高于正常健康人,且有显著性差异。表明胃癌的发生与染色体不稳定性及DNA修复能力有关。     

乳腺癌患者体细胞染色体畸变的初步观察

本文用稳定性核型分析方法,对30例乳腺癌患者的淋巴细胞进行染色体畸变分析。结果患者的染色体畸变明显高于正常对照组,多畸变细胞明显增高,还出现了额外大断片、额外小染色体、巨大染色体等。其对肿瘤的诊断、预后可能有一定的参考价值。     

美容外科注射聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶后的病理观察及分析

聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶于1987年开始作为软组织充填材料,应用于面部、乳房、四肢及男女性器官整形美容。1995年获得乌克兰卫生部及医药工业部批准应用于临床。该产品于1997年底从国外引进,先后在我国东北地区、广州、深圳及其他省市的个体诊所、美容院使用,常用住院不开刀的宣传使部分人趋之若鹜。我院5 a来接诊的2 2例,大多为面部及隆胸患者。1　资料及方法外院经注射聚丙烯酰胺凝胶后,引起皮肤周围组织红肿、硬结,呈现不同程度急性慢性炎症性改变的患者2 2例,外观注射部位形态较差而来我院就诊。先根据患者注射部位设计手术切口,术中取出含有聚…     

电解冶炼磁场对离体血细胞染色体实验影响观察

为探讨低电压高电流生产的电磁污染对生物体影响,用CT3-A型交直流特斯拉计调查测定电解冶炼磁场强度,在7.0～7.8mT和模拟磁场强度2.4mT、1.2mT磁场环境作离体血细胞染色体实验观察。结果表明,作业场所磁场均值为6.95～1.91mT范围,磁场强度随距离增大而减少,其线性方程为^Y(t+1)=35.65-28.70e-0.2171t(t=1,2,…,n为距离量变),实验组细胞总畸变率与对照组比较明显增高(P<0.05),分析提示体外细胞培养可能受电磁场洛仑兹力作用影响。     

甲壳素的毒理学研究——Ⅳ.对CHL细胞染色体畸变作用观察

甲壳素浓度在 200～ 1600μg/ml,未见诱发 CHL细胞染色体畸变率明显增高。     

威麦宁对中国仓鼠卵巢细胞染色体的畸变作用

威麦宁是从中草药金荞麦中提取的单宁化合物,民间用于治疗肺脓疡。抗癌实验表明,该药有明显的抑制实验动物Lewis肺癌、U14宫颈癌及S180肉瘤等作用,在体外还能明显抑制小鼠白血病细胞(P388)和人胃腺癌细胞(SGC7901)对H~3-TdR的掺入。目前该药已用于临床,为了观察该药是否具有损伤染色体的效应,我们用中国     

司氟沙星CHL细胞体外染色体畸变试验

目的:检测司氟沙星对CHL细胞染色体致畸变作用。方法:用体外方法检测司氟沙星在23.63～189.00μg·mL~(-1)浓度范围内,代谢活化组(含S_9mix)及非活化组(不含S_9mix)CHL 细胞的染色体畸变率。结果:司氟沙星的代谢活化组(含S_9mix)及非活化组(不含S_9mix)的染色体畸变率均低干5%。结论:司氟沙星对CHL 细胞染色体畸变实验结果为阴性。     

地红霉素对中国仓鼠肺细胞体外染色体畸变的影响

目的:检测地红霉素对中国仓鼠肺细胞(CHL细胞)染色体致畸变的影响.方法:用体外方法检测地红霉素在12.50～50.0μg·mL-1浓度范围内,代谢活化组(含S9mix)及非活化组(不含S9mix) CHL细胞的染色体畸变率.结果:地红霉素的代谢活化组(含S9mix)及非活化组(不含S9mix)的染色体畸变率均低于3%.结论:地红霉素对CHL细胞染色体畸变实验结果为阴性.     

咖啡因对平阳霉素诱发人精子染色体畸变的影响

目的 探讨咖啡因对平阳霉素诱发人精子染色体畸变的影响。方法 人精子经平阳霉素（ｐｉｎｙａｎｇｍｙｃｉｎ,ＰＹＭ）处理与去透明带地鼠卵受精,受精１ｈ后加入咖啡因（ｃａｆｆｅｉｎｅ,ＣＡＦ）后处理,继而制备染色体进行结构畸变精子率依次为２７％、４０％、７６％;断裂均数依次为０．７２、１．９２、４．３６上述各组参数均高于空白对照组（８．０％、０．１４）,差异有非常显著意义（Ｐ〈０．０１）。与ＣＡＦ组和Ｐ     

Aluminum induces chromosome aberrations,micronuclei, and cell cycle dysfunction in root cells of Vicia faba

Aluminum (Al) exists naturally in air, water, and soil, and also in our diet. Al can be absorbed into the human body and accumulates in different tissues, which has been linked to the occurrence of Alzheimer's disease and various neurological disorders. By using Vicia cytogenetic tests, which are commonly used to monitor the genotoxicity of environmental pollutants, cytogenetic effects of aluminum (AlCl₃) were investigated in this study. Present results showed that Al caused significant increases in the frequencies of micronuclei (MN) and anaphase chromosome aberrations in Vicia faba root tips exposed to Al over a concentration‐tested range of 0.01–10 mM for 12 h. The frequency of micronucleated cells was higher in Al‐treated groups at pH 4.5 than that at pH 5.8. Similarly, AlCl₃ treatment caused a decrease in the number of mitotic cells in a dose‐ and pH‐dependent manner. The number of cells in each mitotic phase changed in Al‐treated samples. Mitotic indices (MI) decreased with the increases of pycnotic cells. Our results demonstrate that aluminum chloride is a clear clastogenic/genotoxic and cytotoxic agent in Vicia root cells. The V. faba cytogenetic test could be used for the genotoxicity monitoring of aluminum water contamination. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2010.     

医院放射人员染色体畸变与累积辐射剂量的关系研究

目的 探讨医院放射人员染色体畸变与累积辐射剂量的关系.方法 选取唐山市各级医院放射人员1217例,行染色体检查和累积辐射剂量监测,根据工种、工龄、医院级别进行分组.选取具有可比性的非放射人员170例为对照组,行染色体检查.分析染色体畸变与累积辐射剂量的关系.结果 工种间比较,依对照组、放射诊断组、介入治疗组、放射治疗组、核医学组顺序,染色体畸变率(dic畸变率、ace畸变率、染色单体型畸变率、合计)呈增长趋势;依放射诊断组、介入治疗组、放射治疗组、核医学组顺序,累积辐射剂量呈增长趋势(P<0 c.05).工龄间比较,依对照组、≤10年1、0<~≤20年、20<~≤30年、30<年顺序,染色体畸变率(dic畸变率、ace畸变率、染色单体型畸变率、合计)呈增长趋势;依≤10年1、0<~≤20年、20<~≤30年、30<年顺序,累积辐射剂量呈增长趋势(P<0.05).医院级别间比较,依对照组、二甲以下、三甲、二甲顺序,染色体畸变率(dic畸变率、ace畸变率、染色单体型畸变率、合计)呈增长趋势;依二甲以下、三甲、二甲顺序,累积辐射剂量呈增长趋势(P<0.05).染色体畸变与累积辐射剂量呈明显正相关性.结论 工龄越长,累积辐射剂量越大,染色体畸变率越高.医院放射人员应该注重防护工作.     

螺旋藻片对小鼠睾丸染色体致畸变实验研究

目的探讨螺旋藻片的毒性作用。方法以4.0、2.0、1.0g.kg-1BW（体重Body Weight）剂量的螺旋藻片连续给小鼠灌胃5d,取小鼠两侧睾丸,制备小鼠睾丸生殖细胞染色体标本。结果各剂量组小鼠睾丸染色体断片、易位、畸变细胞率、常染色体单价体、性染色体单价体与溶剂对照组比较无显著性差异（P〉0.05）,而阳性对照组断片、畸变细胞率、常染色体单价体、性染色体单价体与溶剂对照组比较有极显著性差异（P〈0.01）。结论螺旋藻片各剂量组对小鼠睾丸生殖细胞无染色体畸变作用。     

Metabolism and hemoglobin adduct formation of acrylamide in humans.

Acrylamide (AM), used in the manufacture of polyacrylamide and grouting agents, is produced during the cooking of foods. Workplace exposure to AM can occur through the dermal and inhalation routes. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the metabolism of AM in humans following oral administration, to compare hemoglobin adduct formation on oral and dermal administration, and to measure hormone levels. The health of the people exposed under controlled conditions was continually monitored. Prior to conducting exposures in humans, a low-dose study was conducted in rats administered 3 mg/kg (1,2,3-13C3) AM by gavage. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by Institute Review Boards both at RTI, which performed the sample analysis, and the clinical research center conducting the study. (1,2,3-13C3) AM was administered in an aqueous solution orally (single dose of 0.5, 1.0, or 3.0 mg/kg) or dermally (three daily doses of 3.0 mg/kg) to sterile male volunteers. Urine samples (3 mg/kg oral dose) were analyzed for AM metabolites using 13C NMR spectroscopy. Approximately 86% of the urinary metabolites were derived from GSH conjugation and excreted as N-acetyl-S-(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)cysteine and its S-oxide. Glycidamide, glyceramide, and low levels of N-acetyl-S-(3-amino-2-hydroxy-3-oxopropyl)cysteine were detected in urine. On oral administration, a linear dose response was observed for N-(2-carbamoylethyl)valine (AAVal) and N-(2-carbamoyl-2-hydroxyethyl)valine (GAVal) in hemoglobin. Dermal administration resulted in lower levels of AAVal and GAVal. This study indicated that humans metabolize AM via glycidamide to a lesser extent than rodents, and dermal uptake was approximately 6.6% of that observed with oral uptake.     

Effects of calcium supplements on the quality and acrylamide content of puffed shrimp chips

The quality and acrylamide content of deep-fried and microwave-puffed shrimp chips fortified with 0.1%, 0.5%, or 1.0% calcium salts (calcium lactate, calcium carbonate, calcium citrate, or calcium acetate) were investigated. Microwave-puffed shrimp chips contained higher amounts of acrylamide (130.43 ppb) than did deep-fried shrimp chips. The greatest mitigation of acrylamide formation in overfried chips was obtained with 0.1% calcium lactate. All browning indexes of fortified shrimp chips, whether deep-fried or microwave-puffed, were reduced. L* values of microwave-puffed shrimp chips were higher than those of deep-fried shrimp chips, whereas a* and b* values and browning indexes were lower. Color differences (ΔE) between deep-fried puffed shrimp chips fortified with calcium salts and a control sample were higher than 5, and the sensory scores of shrimp chips were significantly decreased by the addition of calcium lactate.     

Cytotoxicity of cyclophosphamide and acrylamide in glioma and neuroblastoma cell lines cocultured with liver cells

A method for the cocultivation of nervous system cells with liver cells has been developed. When acrylamide was tested using the cocultivation procedure no significant liver metabolism-mediated changes in the cytotoxicity in C6 culture were detected. In neuroblastoma NIE115 cultures the toxicity was increased by induced chick hepatocytes at high acrylamide concentrations.