Aids knowledge and risk behaviors among Midwest migrant farm workers.

The objectives of this study were to investigate the AIDS/HIV knowledge of Latino adolescent and adult migrant farm workers in Michigan, to determine risk behaviors related to HIV, and to determine differences in generational norms regarding sexual activity. For the most part, the Latino migrant population seemed knowledgeable about sexual modes of HIV transmission, although casual contact, through kissing and going to school or work with an infected individual, was also seen as a possible route of transmission for some. Several condom beliefs were identified that may be barriers to use, including the beliefs that condoms are only for use with prostitutes (35 % agreed) and that condoms are only for gay men (54% agreed). Only a small proportion (10%) agreed that condoms were good protection from AIDS. Most respondents knew what condoms were, although only 51% of the sample knew friends who used them. Adolescent females in the camps generally disapproved of premarital sex, while males and older females were more accepting. All these factors make it pertinent to implement HIV/AIDS education programs that are culturally sensitive, gender-specific, and effective in both generations.     

A workplace intervention program and the increase in HIV knowledge,perceived accessibility and use of condoms among young factory workers in Thailand

Vulnerability to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection among factory workers is a global problem. This study investigated the effectiveness of an intervention to increase AIDS knowledge, perceived accessibility to condoms and condom use among young factory workers in Thailand. The intervention was a workplace program designed to engage the private sector in HIV prevention. A cross-sectional survey conducted in 2008 to measure program outcomes in factories in Thailand was used in this study. The workplace intervention included the development of policies for management of HIV-positive employees, training sessions for managers and workers, and distribution of educational materials and condoms. A multi-level analysis was used to investigate the effect of HIV/AIDS prevention program components at the workplace on HIV/AIDS knowledge, perceived accessibility to condoms and condom use with regular sexual partners among 699 young factory workers (aged 18–24 years), controlling for their individual socio-demographic characteristics. Interventions related to the management and services component including workplace AIDS policy formulation, condom services programs and behavioral change campaigns were found to be significantly related to increased AIDS knowledge, perceived accessibility to condoms and condom use with regular partners. The effect of the HIV/AIDS training for managers, peer leaders and workers was positive but not statistically significant. With some revision of program components, scaling up of workplace interventions and the engagement of the private sector in HIV prevention should be seriously considered.     

中国农民工艾滋病健康教育干预效果的Meta分析

目的综合评价中国农民工艾滋病健康教育干预的效果。方法检索2006-2012年国内外公开发表的关于中国农民工人群艾滋病健康教育干预研究的文献,使用Revman 4.2.2软件对入选的文献进行综合定量的Meta分析。结果干预后,研究对象对＂艾滋病是否经性传播＂、＂正确使用安全套是否可以预防艾滋病＂的知晓率分别提高了15%[95%可信区间（CI）：0.11～0.20]、19%（95%CI：0.11～0.28）,＂发生商业性行为时每次都使用安全套＂的行为改变率提高了20%（95%CI：0.14～0.27）。结论中国对农民工人群开展的艾滋病干预措施取得较好结果。     

建筑工地工人艾滋病相关知识态度行为现况及影响因素

目的了解建筑工人艾滋病相关知识、态度、行为现状。方法采用整群抽样的方法,于2010年3-7月,在济南市区内选取4个建筑工地,对建筑工人及当地居民(对照组)进行现场问卷调查。结果共调查建筑工人1 584人,平均年龄为(35.1±8.7)岁,男性占95.3%。该人群艾滋病知识知晓水平低于当地居民(P<0.05),经Logistic多因素分析可知,文化程度、工资月收入、居住情况及婚姻状况等为其主要影响因素。且多数不能对艾滋病病毒感染者/病人持友善态度。艾滋病相关行为方面,安全套使用率较低,"已婚,与配偶经常(>50%)每次使用安全套"的仅占19.8%,偶尔使用(<50%)或从不用的占80.2%。与性伴发生性行为,经常使用与每次都用安全套的仅占23.6%。结论该人群对艾滋病认识不足,存在一定歧视现象,且危险行为发生比例较高,需进一步加强针对性的健康教育和行为干预。     

Women migrant workers' vulnerability to HIV infection in Hong Kong

Research on population mobility and HIV/AIDS risk among migrant populations is quite limited, and research on migrant women workers' vulnerability is further limited. Hong Kong, the Special Administrative Region of China, has currently about 200,000 women migrant workers working as domestic helps. This paper reports migrant women worker's access to AIDS-related health information and health care facilities, perceptions about vulnerability, and risk behaviour profile. Data was collected through a pre-tested questionnaire from a random sample of 2,010 women migrant workers. A majority of the migrant women workers (63.6%) have been living and working in Hong Kong for between 4-10 years. Fifty-four per cent of the respondents felt that being a female they were vulnerable to HIV infection. Overall, the knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS and its route of transmission is inadequate amongst the migrant women workers in Hong Kong. It appears that AIDS-related information education and communication needs of women migrants workers are not met by the current HIV prevention and care activities in Hong Kong. The study indicates that migrant women workers who experienced sexual violence (9%) in Hong Kong perceive themselves to be 'at risk' of HIV infection. Seventy per cent of the respondents reported that they have felt discriminated against in Hong Kong, of which 42% felt discriminated against in Hong Kong hospitals. Addressing discrimination in health care settings is an essential element of AIDS prevention. The discussion urges researchers and policy makers to pay more attention to the vulnerability of migrant women workers.     

Social influence, AIDS/STD knowledge, and condom use among male clients of female sex workers in Bali.

The importance of social networks is increasingly being recognized in research on HIV risk behaviors. The objective of this article is to examine the association of AIDS and sexually transmitted disease (STD) knowledge, perceived susceptibility to HIV/STD infection, condom beliefs, demographic variables, and peer influence on the condom use of clients of Indonesian sex workers. Data for the study are drawn from the Bali STD/AIDS study conducted from 1997 to 1999 in Bali, Indonesia. During the project 2,026 men were selected for interviews in low price brothels. Statistical methods included multivariate regression models. Results of the study showed that younger men, men who have resided in Bali for at least a year, and more educated men were more likely to use condoms. Furthermore, men with stronger AIDS and STD knowledge and condom beliefs were more likely to use condoms. Men whose friends knew that they visited sex workers were less likely to use condoms. However, men who reported that their friends used condoms with sex workers and that their friends encouraged them to use condoms with sex workers were more likely to use condoms with sex workers. Implications for prevention of HIV infection are discussed.     

北京市建筑工地农民工艾滋病知识与心理社会能力相关性分析

目的了解北京市建筑工地农民工艾滋病知识和心理社会能力现状,分析二者之间的相关性,为采取艾滋病综合干预措施提供参考依据。方法采用整群抽样方法抽取8家建筑工地,通过面对面问卷调查收集建筑工地农民工有关预防艾滋病的知识和心理社会能力。结果建筑工地农民工艾滋病基本知识知晓率为73.8%,18～25岁组农民工心理社会能力(低于平均的占14.8%)整体水平高于26～60岁组(低于平均的占25.0%),心理社会能力与文化程度和艾滋病知识知晓情况相关。结论建筑工地农民工对艾滋病知识的掌握还不全面,心理社会能力处于较低水平,二者具有相关性。为有效预防控制艾滋病在农民工中的传播和流行,建议采取艾滋病知识宣传教育和心理社会能力辅导相结合的综合干预方法,以提高艾滋病知识知晓水平和心理社会能力。     

建筑工人的艾滋病性病流行病学及预防干预研究进展

外来务工人员尤其是建筑工人,已经成为我国目前艾滋病(AIDS)防治关注的重点人群。文章从建筑工人的社会人口学特征,艾滋病性病(STD)相关知识、态度及行为,以及该人群中现存的艾滋病性病流行因素的综合分析入手,结合当前各地开展的建筑工人艾滋病性病防治现况,提出了针对性的防治对策与建议。     

大城市建筑工地农民工获取艾滋病基本知识的有效途径探讨

目的探索在农民工人群开展有效的艾滋病防治策略。方法参照国家艾滋病防治督导与评估框架中,关于大众艾滋病基本知识知晓率的调查方法,选取北京市两个较大的建筑工地,在知情同意下,对农民工艾滋病基本知识知晓率,以及获取艾滋病知识的途径进行问卷调查。结果共调查371名农民工,艾滋病基本知识知晓率为50．4％。农民工对艾滋病基本知识中的不同问题的知晓程度存在明显的差异,关于血液传播、母婴传播、性途径传播三种传播途径的知识知晓率最高,为50％～70％;对艾滋病防治知识的知晓率为50．4％;对蚊虫叮咬是否传播艾滋病,近70％回答不正确。被调查农民工目前获知艾滋病知识前三位的途径分别是电视广播、报刊书籍和免费宣传材料,分别占43．39％、34．24％和32．54％。同时这也是农民工最喜欢的获取艾滋病知识的途径。结论被调查农民工艾滋病基本知识知晓率较低,在进一步加大对农民工人群宣传教育力度的同时,应注重采用农民工获取知识的有效途径开展宣传教育。     

浙江省HIV-1抗体阳性夫妻的流行病学特征分析

目的了解浙江省艾滋病病毒I型（HIV-1）抗体阳性夫妻的流行病学特征,为预防该人群HIV感染和传播提供依据。方法利用浙江省1990—2006年艾滋病疫情资料,对其中HIV-1抗体阳性夫妻的流行病学特征进行分析。结果1990—2006年,全省共报告117对（234例）HIV-1抗体阳性的夫妻。其中农民或农民工占52．1％,主要是婚外异性性行为和婚内性行为感染,分别占38．5％和37．6％。一方有高危行为,另一方只有婚内性行为的夫妻占76．1％。38．5％的感染夫妻通过临床可疑检测发现。发现11例经母婴传播感染儿童。结论一方婚外性行为感染后经夫妻间性传播,是浙江省HIV-1抗体阳性夫妻感染和传播的主要方式。需要采取措施加强农村流动人群的高危性行为干预,促进一方感染后的及时检测发现和夫妻间行为干预,减少该人群的感染来源和家庭内的传播。     

Trauma Exposure, PTSD, and HIV Sexual Risk Behaviors among Labor Migrants from Tajikistan

Little is known about the role of trauma and PTSD symptoms in the context of migration-associated HIV risk behaviors. A survey of Tajik married male seasonal labor migrants in Moscow was completed by 200 workers from 4 bazaars and 200 workers from 18 construction sites as part of a mixed method (quantitative and qualitative) study. The mean PC-PTSD score was 1.2 with one-quarter of migrants scoring at or above the cutoff of 3 indicating likely PTSD diagnosis. PC-PTSD score was directly correlated with both direct and indirect trauma exposure, but PC-PTSD score did not predict either HIV sexual risk behaviors or HIV protective behaviors. HIV sexual risk behavior was associated with higher indirect trauma exposure. PC-PTSD score was associated with some indicators of increased caution (e.g., more talking with partners about HIV and condoms; more use of condom when drinking). Qualitative findings were used to illustrate the differences between direct and indirect traumas in terms of HIV sexual risk. The study findings call for future efforts to address labor migrant's mental health needs and to integrate trauma dimensions into HIV prevention.     

2010年上海市金山区流动人口艾滋病监测报告

目的了解上海市金山区流动人口艾滋病(AIDS)相关知识、态度、行为,以及艾滋病病毒(HIV)、梅毒和丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染的情况,为有效防治AIDS提供依据。方法在整群随机抽取的企业中,采用连续抽样法选取男性流动工人,开展问卷调查和血清学检测。结果 405名调查对象的AIDS相关知识知晓率为62.22%,且随着"文化程度"或"获取AIDS信息的来源数"的升高而升高(P均<0.001)。愿意与感染HIV的工友共事者的知识知晓率(78.79%)显著高于"不愿意"者(58.22%)和"不知道"者(35.42%)(P<0.001)。最近一年,人群安全套每次使用率13.16%,接受过AIDS服务水平低于10.00%。HCV抗体检出阳性1份,HIV和梅毒抗体均阴性。结论调查人群AIDS相关知识知晓率、安全套使用率、接受AIDS服务水平均较低,歧视现象较普遍,需继续深入开展有效干预防治工作,提高其AIDS防治知识水平和安全套使用率,减少危险行为和歧视现象。     

大型建筑工地农民工艾滋病宣传教育与干预效果调查

目的探索在农民工中开展预防艾滋病宣教干预措施的可持续发展机制,为提高建筑工地农民工艾滋病干预工作覆盖率提供参考性建议。方法选择中瑞项目覆盖市的大型建筑工地的男性农民工,在干预的3年间开展多次横断面调查,取最初和最后一次调查结果为基线调查和终期调查结果。其间开展针对性宣传教育。结果农民工知晓艾滋病是可以预防的,由项目启动时的33.3%上升到终期调查的82.8%,每次性行为正确使用安全套能预防艾滋病的知晓率,由项目启动时的35.7%上升到87.4%,最近3个月每次性行为都使用安全套率,由项目启动时的0上升到74.7%。农民工最近患梅毒比例显著下降,由22.2%降到3.4%。结论协调有关部门,从目标人群入手,不放松周边环境的综合治理,对于农民工的防艾宣教是可持续和有效的。     

The role of sex worker clients in transmission of HIV in Cambodia

The study investigated whether clients of sex workers are a bridge for transmission of HIV to the general population of Cambodia. We interviewed and collected blood from 468 clients attending 30 randomly selected brothels in three provinces of Cambodia. The levels of HIV knowledge and condom use, and prevalence of HIV (9.2%) were high. Almost 40% of those interviewed had sex with women other than sex workers (wives, girlfriends, etc.), but rarely used condoms. Sexually transmitted disease (STD) rates were high, but most sought treatment from pharmacies. HIV infection was correlated with a history of STD, having had an HIV test, not living with one's wife, a high level of HIV/AIDS knowledge, and condom slippage/breakage. Clients are a major bridge for HIV transmission from sex workers. Current condom promotion programmes need to target non-sex worker intercourse. More effective, acceptable STD-control strategies need to be implemented and evaluated.     

Randomized Controlled Trial to Test the RHANI Wives HIV Intervention for Women in India at Risk for HIV from Husbands

This study involved evaluation of the short-term impact of the RHANI Wives HIV intervention among wives at risk for HIV from husbands in Mumbai, India. A two-armed cluster RCT was conducted with 220 women surveyed on marital sex at baseline and 4–5 month follow-up. RHANI Wives was a multisession intervention focused on safer sex, marital communication, gender inequities and violence; control participants received basic HIV prevention education. Generalized linear mixed models were conducted to assess program impact, with cluster as a random effect and with time, treatment group, and the time by treatment interaction as fixed effects. A significant time by treatment effect on proportion of unprotected sex with husband (p = 0.01) was observed, and the rate of unprotected sex for intervention participants was lower than that of control participants at follow-up (RR = 0.83, 95 % CI = 0.75, 0.93). RHANI Wives is a promising model for women at risk for HIV from husbands.     

The study of KBP of road construction workers of highway AIDS prevention project before and after intervention

ObjectiveTo get scientific basis for further health education through the research of the road construction workers' KBP before and after the interventions of highway AIDS prevention project.MethodsMulti-stage random sampling method was employeed to select workers of 8 sites from 14 sites along highway to investigate their AIDS knowledge, belief and performance (KBP) before and after highway AIDS prevention project.ResultsOver 90% of the investigated workers had ever heard about AIDS, and the non-skilled workers of lower educational level improved more after intervention. The correct answer rate of the three transmitting ways of AIDS of drivers which is the focused group of highway before and after intervention had the obvious statistical significance (P<0.05), and the other group's correct answer rates also had improved after intervention. Most people's understanding of preventing AIDS through correct use of condoms when having sex had a statistically significant difference(P<0.05) after prevention. The rates of using condoms of foremen and skilled workers when having sex with commercial sex worker/casual partner increased after intervention.ConclusionsThe health education of HIV among the road construction workers is effective and further health education of HIV prevention should be carried out among the road construction workers to improve their knowledge and awareness of avoiding the high-risk behaviors.     

Condom use within marriage: an assessment of changes in South Africa and Uganda

The aim of the study is to measure trends in condom use in marital and cohabiting relationships in South Africa and Uganda. The data for the study come from two cross sectional surveys conducted in 1998 and 2008 among adult men and women and their partners in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa and the Jinja district, Uganda. The findings suggest that consistent condom use has risen substantially in both countries. The percentage reporting consistent condom use in the South African sample of husbands increased from 2.5% in 1998 to 12% in 2008 and from 5.5 to 12.5% among wives. In Uganda, the corresponding trends are 1.1-8.3% for husbands and 4-8.6% for wives. In both countries, condom use was considerably higher among the minority of couples where one or both partners were thought to be HIV positive. Increasingly, in both countries condoms are also used for contraceptive purposes. Condoms play a role in preventing HIV infection but the challenge is for prevention programs to broaden their focus toward meeting the needs of married and cohabiting couples.     

北京市建筑工地民工艾滋病知识认知情况和危险行为研究

目的了解北京市建筑工地民工艾滋病知识认知情况和危险行为。方法采取整群抽样,在北京市抽取2个建筑工地的1 000名工人,在知情同意原则下进行问卷调查和小范围的面对面访谈。结果被调查者对艾滋病不同传播途径的知晓率有非常大的差异。在艾滋病危险行为方面,有66.8%的被调查者知晓安全套能够降低感染艾滋病的可能,但仍有51.0%的人从未使用安全套。仅有2.3%的人曾与性服务小姐发生性行为。结论建筑工地民工对于艾滋病知识了解得很含糊,缺乏对艾滋病本质的认识。经济原因在很大程度上影响着他们的艾滋病相关危险行为。     

HIV-1夫妻间传播的回顾性队列研究

目的研究艾滋病病毒Ⅰ型（HIV-1）的夫妻间传播率,为预防控制性传播提供科学依据。方法在某农村地区,2000—2007年陆续发现的110对配偶-方为HIV-1感染者,均为1990—1997年间-次性输血而感染,无其他感染因素,感染后与配偶无保护性生活7．51年,感染者的配偶否认除夫妻无保护性传播以外的艾滋病传播因素。对感染者配偶用酶联免疫吸附试验和免疫印迹试验（Western—blot）检测HIV抗体。结果HIV-1的夫妻间传播率为17．3％,年均传播率为2．3％。其中妻子传给丈夫的概率为19．1％,平均年感染机率2．7％;丈夫传给妻子的概率为9．5％,平均年感染机率1．1％。无保护性生活时间越长、妻子感染时丈夫的年龄越小感染率越高,测算夫妻间每次无保护性交的感染机率为0．024％～0．032％。HIV阳性妻子每次无保护性交传染给丈夫的机率是0．028％～0．037％;HIV阳性丈夫每次无保护性交传染给妻子的机率是0．011％～0．015％。结论在夫妻-方感染日期明确、夫妻无保护性生活年限明确的情况下,得到的HIV-1的夫妻传播率,对预防控制艾滋病性传播具有重要的指导意义。     

HIV/AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes of STD Clinic Attendees in St. Petersburg, Russia

Over the last several years, Russia has experienced dramatic increases in rates of HIV and other sexually transmitted disease (STDs). This study examined HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes toward condoms, and sources of information about HIV in a sample of 200 male and 200 female Russian STD clinic patients. Study participants displayed substantial knowledge deficits concerning AIDS and HIV transmission. Superior knowledge was associated with younger age, greater education, positive attitudes toward condoms, having more sources of information about HIV/AIDS, and believing that the government is telling the truth about AIDS. More-positive attitudes toward condoms were associated with having a larger number of information sources, greater HIV/AIDS knowledge, and not being in a steady relationship. Many participants reported not trusting government and media sources of information concerning AIDS. Participants also reported concerns regarding the low quality and high cost of condoms in Russia. Results of the study suggest that interventions designed to increase knowledge and awareness of AIDS among Russians at high risk for HIV are urgently needed.