射频消融对肝锐器伤合并海水浸泡的疗效观察

目的通过建立动物模型探讨射频消融对肝脏锐器伤合并海水浸泡的疗效。方法选用10只成年雄性健康比格犬,外科手术暴露肝脏后用手术刀片致肝左叶刺伤,致伤后海水桶浸泡5min。打捞出水后用射频消融技术进行肝脏止血。记录实验犬生存时间、存活率、术前和海水浸泡后肛温,检测术前、术后3、7、14d血常规和血生化指标。结果实验犬均存活至术后14d,存活率100%。经海水浸泡后肛温显著下降(P<0.001)。红细胞计数与血红蛋白浓度术前与术后对比差异无统计学意义。白细胞计数:术后第3天较术前显著升高[(27.88±8.94)×10¹²/L vs.(11.94±3.58)×10¹²/L(P<0.001)];术后第7天较第3天下降[(24.24±5.67)×10¹²/L vs.(27.88±8.94)×10¹²/L(P=0.181)];术后第14天下降至与术前相比差异无统计学意义[(14.59±4.23)×10¹²/L vs.(11.94±3.58)×10¹²/L(P=0.328)]。血小板:术后第3天较术前显著下降[(179.00±60.30)×10¹²/L vs.(240.00±80.49)×10¹²/L(P=0.025)];术后第7天[(258.40±44.94)×10¹²/L]显著上升,较术前差异无统计学意义(P=0.485)。白蛋白浓度术前与术后对比差异无统计学意义(P=0.675)。谷丙转氨酶:术后第3天显著高于术前[(153.86±28.18)U/L vs.(20.54±2.51)U/L(P<0.001)];术后第7天较第3天下降[(57.19±11.73)U/L vs.(153.86±28.18)U/L(P<0.001)];术后第14天与术前相比差异无统计学意义(P=0.364)。谷草转氨酶:术后第3天显著高于术前[(57.82±10.85)U/L vs.(33.05±4.87)U/L(P<0.001)];术后第7天[(38.20±10.88)U/L]显著下降,与术前相比差异无统计学意义(P=0.225)。结论本研究成功建立了肝脏锐器伤合并海水浸泡的犬动物模型,初步证明了射频消融止血对此类创伤具有较好疗效,为进一步研究濒海战创伤的致伤特点及临床救治提供了实验基础。     

改良式翻身护理对烧伤合并重度吸入性损伤患者肺部感染转归的影响

目的研究探讨改良式翻身护理对烧伤合并重度吸入性损伤患者肺部感染转归的影响。方法选取2016年5月至2019年5月长沙医学院附属株洲市人民医院重症医学科收治的35例烧伤合并重度吸入性损伤患者作为研究对象,并按照随机数表法将其随机分为治疗组(18例)与对照组(17例),其中治疗组患者采用改良式翻身法予以护理,对照组患者采用左右侧卧位交替翻身法予以护理,对比观察两组患者机械通气时间以及治疗前与治疗第3、5、7、14天时的血清降钙素原(PCT)水平、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平、白细胞(WBC)计数及临床肺部感染评分(clinical pulmonary infection score,CPIS)。结果治疗组患者的机械通气时间为(7.35±1.38)d,明显短于对照组患者的机械通气时间(8.88±1.87)d,差异具有统计学意义(t=2.485,P=0.020)。治疗第3天,两组患者PCT水平、CRP水平、WBC计数及CPIS对比,差异均无统计学意义(t=1.925、0.171、0.957、0.595,P=0.065、0.866、0.348、0.557);治疗第5天,治疗组患者除WBC计数与对照组无明显差异(t=1.063,P=0.298)外,PCT水平、CRP水平及CPIS均明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(t=2.135、2.145、2.231,P=0.042、0.042、0.035);治疗第7天,治疗组患者除PCT水平与对照组无明显差异(t=0.729,P=0.472)外,CRP水平、WBC计数及CPIS均明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(t=2.285、2.222、2.067,P=0.031、0.035、0.049);治疗第14天,治疗组患者除CPIS明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(t=2.082,P=0.047)外,PCT水平、CRP水平及WBC计数均与对照组无明显差异(t=0.454、0.965、1.844,P=0.654、0.343、0.077)。结论与左右侧卧位交替翻身护理相比,改良式翻身护理可有效减轻烧伤合并重度吸入性损伤患者的肺部感染症状,缩短机械通气时间,促进肺部感染痊愈,值得临床推广应用。     

缺血后适应对急性心肌梗死急症介入治疗患者心肌灌注及预后的影响

目的：探讨缺血后适应(IPOC)对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)急症经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)患者心肌灌注和预后的影响。方法203例接受急症PCI治疗的STEMI患者随机分为IPOC组(n=103)和对照组(n=100),IPOC组在再灌注开始1 min内行IPOC处理,对照组在再灌注后最初6 min内不作干预。观察两组患者心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)峰值、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)峰值、左室射血分数(LVEF)、室壁运动评分指数(WMSI)、校正的TIMI计帧(CTFC)及住院期间主要心血管不良事件(MACE)有无差异。结果两组患者在年龄、性别、危险因素、梗死相关血管、缺血时间等方面差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);IPOC组CTFC明显快于对照组[(25.3±7.9)帧对(29.4±8.4)帧(P<0.05)];IPOC组CK-MB峰值、cTnI峰值明显低于对照组[(157.3±83.6) U/L对(201.5±77.3) U/L,(2.5±1.3) ng/ml对(3.1±1.0) ng/ml)(P<0.05)];两组患者入院时LVEF、WMSI均无统计学差异,术后3个月IPOC组LVEF、WMSI均明显优于对照组[(57.4±8.7)%对(53.6±9.3)%,1.19±0.4对1.27±0.3(P<0.05)]。 IPOC组术后3个月MACE发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 IPOC能够改善STEMI急症PCI治疗患者冠状动脉血流,减轻心肌细胞缺血-再灌注损伤,改善心功能及预后。     

专家型胫骨髓内钉和锁定加压钢板内固定术在胫骨远端骨折治疗中的临床疗效对比观察

目的观察专家型胫骨交锁髓内钉(ETN)及锁定加压钢板(LCP)在治疗胫骨远端骨折中的疗效。方法选取2012年1月-2015年2月诊治的73例胫骨远端骨折患者,按就诊顺序编号后用随机数字法分为ETN组(n=36)和LCP组(n=37),ETN组给予ETN内固定治疗而LCP组给予LCP内固定,观察两组术前准备时间、手术及住院时间、术中出血量、术后肿胀消退时间、完全负重时间、临床骨折愈合时间,并观察两组术后3、12个月胫骨骨折疗效(Johner-Wruhs)及踝关节评分(Baird-Jackson系统),记录两组术后1年以内并发症发生情况。结果 ETN组术前准备时间(4.2±0.6)d、术中出血量(118.4±22.6)mL、术后肿胀消退时间(4.1±0.6)d,均少于LCP组[(5.1±0.7)d、(147.4±25.2)mL、(6.3±0.7)d];但ETN组手术时间(142.5±21.3)min却多于LCP组(118.9±19.6)min,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术后3个月ETN组Baird-Jackson评分[(84.8±5.5)分]及治疗的有效率均高于LCP组[(80.2±5.2)分],且差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),但术后12个月两组差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后1年ETN组并发症发生率5.6%,与LCP组24.3%比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 ETN和LCP治疗胫骨远端骨折各有优劣,但近期疗效ETN优于LCP,治疗时需要根据患者具体情况个体化选择内固定方式。     

高压氧治疗对创伤性颅脑损伤大鼠抗氧化能力的影响

目的 观察高压氧(hyperbaric oxygen,HBO)治疗对创伤性颅脑损伤(traumatic brain injury,TBI)模型大鼠抗氧化能力的影响,为临床TBI患者实施HBO治疗提供基础实验依据.方法 80只雄性Wistar大鼠按数字表法随机分为8组,每组10只,第1～4组为脑创伤组,分别于建模后24h内(1组)、第5天(2组)、第10天(3组)、第15天(4组)处死;第5～7组为HBO治疗组,第5组建模当天开始行HBO治疗至第5天处死,第6组建模后第5天开始行HBO治疗至第10天处死,第7组建模后第10天开始行HBO治疗至第15天处死;第8组为空白对照组.采用侧位液压撞击(lateral fluid percussion,LFP)法建立TBI大鼠模型.HBO治疗方案:压力0.2 MPa(2.0 ATA)下吸纯氧45 min,1次/d,共治疗5次.分光光度法测量血清中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性、丙二醛( malondialdehyde,MDA)含量并计算SOD/MDA值.结果 各HBO治疗组SOD活性[(280.00±80.47)U/ml]、SOD/MDA值[(85.57±35.60)U/nmol]与各创伤组[(221.81±43.35) U/ml、(46.38±18.38)U/nmol]比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);MDA含量低于创伤组,但差异无统计学意义.各HBO组SOD活性均高于相应脑创伤组,亚急性期(建模后第5天)开始行HBO治疗组SOD活性[(305.66±68.23) U/ml]、SOD/MDA值[(96.58±31.11)U/nmol]与相应脑创伤组[(209.07±19.65) U/ml、(51.42±8.56) U/nmol]比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 在损伤后特定时间段内给予HBO治疗,可使模型大鼠抗氧化能力短时间内迅速提高.所以适时、适量的HBO治疗不会加重氧化损伤.     

锁定加压钢板与带锁髓内钉内固定在老年肱骨近端骨质疏松性骨折中的临床对比研究

目的比较锁定加压钢板(LCP)与带锁髓内钉(LMN)内固定治疗老年肱骨近端骨质疏松性骨折的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2014年1月-2017年8月三峡大学附属仁和医院治疗83例肱骨近端骨折老年患者,采用LCP治疗52例,采用LMN治疗31例。LCP组男性19例,女性33例,年龄(73.8±8.2)岁;LMN组男性14例,女性17例,年龄(74.1±7.7)岁。比较两组患者术前一般资料、手术临床指标、术后肩关节Constant-Murley评分及术后并发症发生率等。结果两组骨性愈合时间[(14.1±1.8)周vs.(13.9±2.5)周]比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),两组患者术中出血量[(180.3±5.4)mL vs.(96.3±9.5)mL]、手术时间[(137.9±5.6)min vs.(108.6±8.6)min]和术后住院时间[(7.6±1.8)d vs.(4.2±1.8)d]比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者肩关节Constant-Murley评分在术后3个月[(57.2±3.8)分vs.(65.3±3.3)分]、6个月[(69.5±3.8)分vs.(74.4±4.4)分]、12个月[(81.1±3.5)分vs.(84.1±2.6)分]比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);两组术后并发症发生率(5.76%vs. 3.23%)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论相比LCP治疗肱骨近端骨质疏松性骨折,LMN治疗手术时间和术后住院时间更短,术中出血量更少,术后功能恢复更好。     

两种不同手术方法治疗高血压脑出血手术效果、颅内压变化及术后神经功能情况对比观察

目的 探讨经钻孔引流术治疗高血压脑出血患者,相对于开颅血肿清除术治疗的手术效果、颅内压变化以及术后神经功能情况的差异.方法 分析收治的100例高血压脑出血患者,随机分为实验组(行钻孔引流术,n =50)和对照组(行开颅血肿清除术,n=50).观察并记录患者手术时间、并发症、血肿清除率以及术后4h、24 h、2d、3d、5d、7d以及7d的颅内压情况.结果 手术时间实验组min显著低于对照组min,肺部感染率实验组32％也显著低于对照组62％.但血肿清除率对照组显著高于实验组％,两组之间的差异均具有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).术后2d内两组患者颅内压均呈上升之势,2d后逐渐下降,但实验组的上升幅度显著大于对照组,两组的组间(F=19.075,P=0.032)、不同时点(F=17.951,P=0.027),以及两者的交互作用(F=33.093,P=0.008),均具有统计意义(均P＜0.05).结论 治疗高血压脑出血患者,采用钻孔引流术可以有效减少手术时间,降低肺部感染的风险,但血肿清除率却明显低于开颅血肿清除术,故手术时应根据患者的具体情况,选择合适的手术方式.     

经皮微创锁定钢板内固定对老年肱骨近端骨折患者的临床疗效

目的探讨经皮微创锁定钢板内固定(MIPPO)对老年肱骨近端骨折患者疼痛程度及关节功能的影响。方法前瞻性选取2017年6月-2018年6月治疗的肱骨近端骨折患者105例,依据手术方法将其分为MIPPO组(n=55)和传统切开复位组(n=50),MIPPO组患者行微创锁定钢板改良内固定治疗,传统切开复位组患者行传统切开复位内固定治疗,比较两组患者围术期指标、治疗效果、治疗前后VAS评分及不良事件发生情况。结果MIPPO组患者手术时间[(69.1±16.4)min vs.(101.4±30.5)min]、术中出血量[(85.3±24.5)m L vs.(163.5±40.8)m L)]、术后引流量[(18.3±4.6)m L vs.(23.4±5.3)m L]、住院时间[(2.8±0.9)d vs.(4.5±1.0)d],骨折愈合时间[(11.6±2.3)周vs.(16.8±3.5)周],可负重时间[(8.1±2.1)周vs.(9.6±2.0)周]均短(少)于传统切开复位组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。MIPPO组、传统切开复位组患者治疗有效率分别为94.55%、80.00%,MIPPO组优于传统切开复位组(P<0.05)。治疗前两组患者VAS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后2、4周,MIPPO组患者VAS评分均低于传统切开复位组(P<0.05)。传统切开复位组患者术后3例发生骨折延迟愈合,2例发生外展受限;MIPPO组患者术后1例发生骨折延迟愈合,1例发生外展受限;两组患者不良事件发生率比较差异无统计学意义(10.00%vs.3.64%,χ^2=1.538,P=0.173)。结论微创锁定钢板改良内固定治疗老年肱骨近端骨折治疗效果显著,不增加不良事件发生风险,值得临床推广使用。     

锁定加压钢板 、交锁髓内钉与可膨胀髓内钉治疗方案对肱骨干骨折的中远期疗效比较

目的比较加压钢板(LCP)、带锁髓内钉(IMN)与可膨胀髓内钉(EIMN)三种治疗方案对肱骨干骨折的中远期疗效。方法回顾性分析2011年1月-2013年12月河南省第二人民医院急诊外科收治行择期内固定术治疗的102例肱骨干骨折患者,根据手术方式分为LCP组(n=43)、IMN组(n=33)与EIMN组(n=26),比较三组的基线资料、围手术期资料与随访结果。结果术后随访48~83个月,中位随访时间66.1个月。三组的年龄、性别、致伤原因、病程、骨折分型等基线资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。患者均成功完成手术,无一例死亡。LCP组的手术时间、术中失血量、桡神经麻痹发生率分别为(88.6±23.5)min、(139.6±35.5)mL、16.3%,均显著高于IMN组[(75.6±20.1)min、(88.2±25.3)mL、3.0%]与EIMN组[(70.5±15.1)min、(78.8±20.9)mL、0],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。LCP组无肩部不适,显著低于IMN组15.2%与EIMN组(11.5)%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。三组的住院时间、骨折部位不适发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。LCP组骨折愈合时间显著高于EIMN组,差异有统计学意义[(17.9±7.1)周vs.(13.5±7.5周),P<0.05)],而三组术后半年内骨折愈合率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。功能康复方面,LCP组、EIMN组术后1年患肢的Constant评分即恢复到术前健肢水平(P>0.05),而IMN组术后1年患肢Constant评分仍显著低于术前健肢水平(P<0.05),在术后2年才恢复到正常(P>0.05);EIMN组、IMN组术后1年患肢Mayo评分即恢复到术前健肢水平(P>0.05),而LCP组术后1年患肢的Mayo评分仍显著低于术前健肢水平(P<0.05),在术后2年才恢复到正常(P>0.05)。组间比较,三组患者术前健肢的Constant、Mayo评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性;LCP组术后1年患肢的Constant评分显著高于IMN组[(91.6±5.8)分vs.(87.8±7.2)分,P<0.05)],Mayo评分显著低于IMN组和EIMN组[(90.6±7.2)分vs.(95.6±3.9)分vs.(95.0±3.5)分,P<0.05)];三组术后2年、末次随访时的患肢Constant、Mayo评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。三组患者生活质量在术后1年患肢的EQ-5D评分即达到术前健侧水平,且三组各时间点的EQ-5D评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 LCP为经典手术内固定方式,可应对多种肱骨干骨折。IMN与EIMN手术切口较小,对骨折断端要求较高;EIMN术后肩、肘关节功能恢复效果最佳。     

脑挫裂伤伴脑疝形成术后高压氧治疗的临床疗效分析

目的:探讨高压氧治疗对脑挫裂伤伴脑疝形成术后患者神经功能康复及并发症发生的影响。方法:回顾性分析川北医学院附属医院近6年脑挫裂伤伴脑疝形成术后患者的病历资料,将符合要求的病例按照治疗过程中是否愿意接受高压氧治疗分为高压氧治疗组和对照组,对照组患者接受常规治疗,高压氧组患者在常规治疗基础上接受1个疗程以上的高压氧治疗。比较2组患者外伤性癫痫、脑积水、硬膜下积液的发生率及特定时间格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)、格拉斯哥预后评分(GOC)评分。结果:155份病历资料被纳入统计,其中高压氧组85例,对照组70例。2组各发生外伤性癫痫7例,差异无统计学意义(χ 2=0.145, P=0.70);2组分别发生外伤性脑积水3例、9例,差异有统计学意义(χ 2=4.676, P=0.03);2组外伤性硬膜下积液分别出现8例、19例,差异有统计学意义(χ 2=8.390, P=0.004)。术后2周高压氧组GCS评分为(7.72±1.51)分,高于对照组的(7.26±1.13)分,差异有统计学意义( t=2.164, P=0.03);术后4周高压氧组GCS评分为(8.94±1.74)分,高于对照组的(8.08±1.48)分,差异有统计学意义( t=3.261, P=0.001)。术后6个月GOS评分高压氧组[(3.75±0.65)分]高于对照组[(3.16±0.79)分],差异有统计学意义( t=4.883, P<0.001)。 结论:脑挫裂伤伴脑疝形成术后高压氧治疗有助于降低脑积水和硬膜下积液的发生率,促进患者神经功能的恢复和生活质量的提高。     

Prostatic Artery Embolization Using 100–300-μm Trisacryl Gelatin Microspheres to Treat Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Attributable to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Single-Center Outcomes Analysis with Medium-Term Follow-up

PurposeTo report medium-term outcomes of prostatic artery embolization (PAE) using 100–300-μm trisacryl gelatin microspheres to treat lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and to evaluate how cone-beam computed tomography-measured prostate gland volume (PGV), median lobe enlargement (MLE), age, and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) affect these results.Materials and MethodsSeventy-four consecutive patients who underwent PAE from April 2014 through August 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients had International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) >12, Quality of Life (QoL) score >2, prostate gland volume (PGV) >40 mL, age older than 45 years, and medical therapy failure. Twelve patients were excluded for bladder pathology or prostate cancer. Patients (n = 62, age = 71.8 ± 9.3 years, CCI = 3.5 ± 1.7, PGV = 174 ± 110 mL) had pre-procedure IPSS = 22.4 ± 5.6, QoL score = 4.4 ± 0.9, and post-void residual (PVR) = 172 ± 144 mL. Post-procedure values were compared to baseline at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. Associations between outcomes and PGV, MLE, age, and CCI were evaluated. Adverse event recording used Clavien-Dindo classification.ResultsOne month after PAE (n = 37), IPSS improved to 7.6 ± 5.2 (P < .0001) and QoL score improved to 1.7 ± 1.4 (P < .0001). At 3 months (n = 32), improvements continued, with IPSS = 6.4 ± 5.1 (P < .0001), QoL score = 1.2 ± 1.2 (P < .0001), PVR = 53 ± 41 mL (P < .001), and PGV = 73 ± 38 mL (P < .0001). Results were sustained at 6 months (n = 35): IPSS = 6.4 ± 4.1 (P < .0001), QoL score = 1.2 ± 1.2 (P < .0001), PVR = 68 ± 80 mL (P < .0001), PGV = 60 ± 19 mL (P < .001). At 12 months, patients (n = 26) had IPSS = 7.3 ± 5.5 (P < .0001), QoL score = 1.2 ± 0.8 (P <.0001), PVR = 89 ± 117 mL (P < .0001), PGV = 60 ± 48 mL (P < .01). At 24 months, patients (n = 8) had IPSS = 8.0 ± 5.4 (P < .0001), QoL score = 0.7 ± 0.5 (P < .0001), PVR = 91 ± 99mL (P = 0.17), and PGV = 30 ± 5mL (P = .11). Improvements were independent of PGV, MLE, age, and CCI. Two grade II urinary infections occurred.ConclusionsPAE with 100–300-μm microspheres produced sustained substantial improvements in LUTS, PGV, and PVR, which were independent of baseline PGV, MLE, age, or CCI.     

Assessment of intra- and interobserver reproducibility of rest and cold pressor test-stimulated myocardial blood flow with <Superscript>13</Superscript>N-ammonia and PET

Purpose We investigated the intraobserver reproducibility of myocardial blood flow (MBF) measurements with PET at rest and during cold pressor test (CPT), and the interobserver agreement. Methods Twenty normal volunteers were studied. Using ¹³N-ammonia, MBF was measured at rest and during CPT and measurement was repeated in a 1-day session (short-term reproducibility; SR). After a follow-up of 2 weeks, MBF was measured again at rest and during CPT and compared with the initial baseline measurement (long-term reproducibility; LR). In addition, adenosine-induced hyperemic MBF increases were assessed. Results Assessment of the SR did not show a significant absolute difference in MBF at rest, MBF during CPT or the endothelium-related change in MBF from rest to CPT (ΔMBF) (0.09 ± 0.10, 0.11 ± 0.09, and 0.08 ± 0.05 ml/g/min; p = NS), and they were linearly correlated (r = 0.72, r = 0.76 and r = 0.84; p < 0.0001). Corresponding values for standard error of the estimate (SEE), as indicative for the range of MBF measurement error, were 0.14, 0.14, and 0.09 ml/g/min. The LR yielded relatively higher but non-significant absolute differences in the MBF at rest, MBF during CPT and ΔMBF (0.10 ± 0.10, 0.14 ± 0.10, and 0.19 ± 0.10 ml/g/min; p = NS), and paired MBFs significantly correlated (r = 0.75, r = 0.71, and r = 0.60; p < 0.001). Corresponding SEEs were 0.13, 0.15, and 0.16 ml/g/min. The interobserver analysis yielded a high correlation for MBF at rest, MBF during CPT, and hyperemic MBF (r = 0.96, SEE=0.04; r = 0.78, SEE=0.11; and r = 0.87, SEE=0.28; p < 0.0001, respectively), and also a good interobserver correlation for ΔMBF (r = 0.62, SEE=0.09; p < 0.003). Conclusion Short- and long-term MBF responses to CPT, as an index for endothelium-related coronary vasomotion, can be measured reproducibly with ¹³N-ammonia PET. In addition, the high interobserver reproducibility for repeat analysis of MBF values suggests the measurements to be largely operator independent. Thomas H. Schindler and Xiao-Li Zhang contributed equally to this paper.     

Patient Radiation Doses in IR Procedures: The American College of Radiology Dose Index Registry-Fluoroscopy Pilot

PurposeTo update normative data on fluoroscopy dose indices in the United States for the first time since the Radiation Doses in Interventional Radiology study in the late 1990s.Materials and MethodsThe Dose Index Registry-Fluoroscopy pilot study collected data from March 2018 through December 2019, with 50 fluoroscopes from 10 sites submitting data. Primary radiation dose indices including fluoroscopy time (FT), cumulative air kerma (K_a,r), and kerma area product (P_KA) were collected for interventional radiology fluoroscopically guided interventional (FGI) procedures. Clinical facility procedure names were mapped to the American College of Radiology (ACR) common procedure lexicon. Distribution parameters including the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 95th, and 99th percentiles were computed.ResultsDose indices were collected for 70,377 FGI procedures, with 50,501 ultimately eligible for analysis. Distribution parameters are reported for 100 ACR Common IDs. FT in minutes, K_a,r in mGy, and P_KA in Gy-cm² are reported in this study as (n; median) for select ACR Common IDs: inferior vena cava filter insertion (1,726; FT: 2.9; K_a,r: 55.8; P_KA: 14.19); inferior vena cava filter removal (464; FT: 5.7; K_a,r: 178.6; P_KA: 34.73); nephrostomy placement (2,037; FT: 4.1; K_a,r: 39.2; P_KA: 6.61); percutaneous biliary drainage (952; FT: 12.4; K_a,r: 160.5; P_KA: 21.32); gastrostomy placement (1,643; FT: 3.2; K_a,r: 29.1; P_KA: 7.29); and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement (327; FT: 34.8; K_a,r: 813.0; P_KA: 181.47).ConclusionsThe ACR DIR-Fluoro pilot has provided state-of-the-practice statistics for radiation dose indices from IR FGI procedures. These data can be used to prioritize procedures for radiation optimization, as demonstrated in this work.     

The effects of multi-directional,high intensity exercise on the vestibular/ocular motor screening (VOMS) assessment in recreational athletes

ObjectiveIdentify the effects of multi-directional, high intensity exercise on VOMS symptom scores in male and female recreational, college-aged athletes.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingAthletic Therapy facility.ParticipantsA convenience sample of 29 (15 females, 14 males; 21.48 ± 1.40 years old) healthy recreational athletes.Main outcome measuresVOMS symptom scores pre, immediately post-, and 10 min post a multidirectional, high intensity intermittent exercise protocol (HIIP). Friedman tests and Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests identified significant differences at the time points. A Mann-Whitney U Test investigated the effect of sex.ResultsThe majority of component and overall VOMS symptom scores increased post-HIIP (p < 0.001–0.007, effect sizes 0.39–0.50) and 10 min post-HIIP (p = 0.003–0.015, effect sizes 0.32–0.39). Near point convergence distance increased immediately post-HIIP (p < 0.001, effect size 0.52). Females had higher smooth pursuits (z = −2.340, p = 0.019, r = 0.31), vertical vestibular ocular reflex (z = −2.81, p = 0.04, r = 0.39) visual motion sensitivity (z = −2.312, p = 0.021 r = 0.30) and overall VOMS symptom scores (z = −2.84, p = 0.04, r = 0.27) 10 min post-HIIP.ConclusionsMultidirectional, high intensity exercise can induce concussive-like changes in VOMS symptom scores in healthy, recreational athletes, particularly in females. These results may assist in SRC assessment and management of athletes involved in multidirectional, high intensity sports.     

Technical determinants of biathlon standing shooting performance before and after race simulation

The aim of this study was to identify performance‐determining factors in biathlon standing shooting in rest and after intense exercise. Eight Finnish national‐ and nine junior‐team biathletes participated in the study. Participants fired 40 resting shots (REST ) and 2 × 5 competition simulation shots (LOAD ) after 5 minutes of roller skiing at 95% of peak heart rate. Hit percentage, aiming point trajectory and postural balance were measured from each shot. Cleanness of triggering (ATV , movement of the aiming point 0‐0.2 second before the shot) and vertical stability of hold (DevY) were the most important components affecting shooting performance both in REST (DevY, R  = −0.61, P  < .01; ATV , R  = −0.65, P  < .01) and in LOAD (DevY, R  = −0.50, P  < .05; ATV , R  = −0.77, P  < .001). Postural balance, especially in shooting direction, was related to DevY and ATV . Stability of hold in horizontal (F (1,15) = 7.025, P  < .05) and vertical (F (1,15) = 21.285, P  < .001) directions, aiming accuracy (F (1,15) = 9.060, P  < .01), and cleanness of triggering (F (1,15) = 59.584, P  < .001) decreased from REST to LOAD , accompanied by a decrease in postural balance. National‐ and junior‐team biathletes differed only in hit percentage in REST (92 ± 8% vs 81 ± 8%, P  < .05) and left leg postural balance in shooting direction in LOAD (0.31 ± 0.18 mm vs 0.52 ± 0.20 mm, P  < .05), and the intense exercise affected the shooting technical components similarly in both national and junior groups. Biathletes should focus on cleanness of triggering and vertical stability of hold in order to improve biathlon standing shooting performance. More stable postural balance in shooting direction could help to improve these shooting technical components.     

Dopamine/noradrenaline reuptake inhibition in women improves endurance exercise performance in the heat

Catecholamine reuptake inhibition improves the performance of male volunteers exercising in warm conditions, but sex differences in thermoregulation, circulating hormones, and central neurotransmission may alter this response. With local ethics committee approval, nine physically active women (mean ± SD age 21 ± 2 years; height 1.68 ± 0.08 m; body mass 64.1 ± 6.0 kg; VO_2peak 51 ± 7 mL/kg/min) were recruited to examine the effect of pre‐exercise administration of Bupropion (BUP; 4 × 150 mg) on prolonged exercise performance in a warm environment. Participants completed a VO_2peak test, two familiarization trials, and two randomized, double‐blind experimental trials. All trials took place during the first 10 days of the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Participants cycled for 1 h at 60% VO_2peak followed by a 30‐min performance test. Total work done was greater during the BUP trial (291 ± 48 kJ) than the placebo trial (269 ± 46 kJ, P = 0.042, d = 0.497). At the end of the performance test, core temperature was higher on the BUP trial (39.5 ± 0.4 °C) than on the placebo trial (39.2 ± 0.6 °C, P = 0.021; d = 0.588), as was heart rate (185 ± 9 vs 179 ± 13, P = 0.043; d = 0.537). The results indicate that during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, an acute dosing protocol of BUP can improve self‐regulated performance in warm conditions.     

Energy dissipation differs between females with and without chronic ankle instability

Chronic ankle instability (CAI ) is associated with altered energy dissipation patterns, but comparisons to lateral ankle sprain (LAS ) copers have not been explored. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in relative sagittal plane energy dissipation during a single‐leg landing between female CAI and LAS coper participants. We separated 33 females (23.6 ± 4.6 years, 164.3 ± 6.2 cm, 69.4 ± 13.7 kg) into CAI (n = 17) and LAS coper (n = 16) groups. Participants completed 5 single‐leg landings followed by a 5‐second stabilization. We collected sagittal plane kinematics and joint moments at the ankle, knee, hip, and proximal joints (knee and hip) combined then calculated each joint's energy dissipation at 50, 100, 150, and 200 ms post‐landing. We compared the percentage of total energy dissipated by the ankle, knee, hip, and proximal joints during each interval utilizing independent t tests and Cohen's d effect sizes. Statistical significance was set a priori at P  < .05. The CAI group had lower relative energy dissipation from the ankle at 50 (24.7 ± 11.5% vs 39.2 ± 11.8%, P  < .01, d  =  1.25 [0.47, 1.95]), 100 (66.9 ± 19.4% vs 77.7 ± 6.5%, P  = .04, d  =  0.74 [0.01, 1.42]), and 150 ms (70.7 ± 17.8% vs 81.0 ± 5.7%, P  = .03, d  =  0.77 [0.04, 1.46]) compared to LAS copers. The CAI group had a greater hip contribution through 150 ms (17.9 ± 10.7% vs 11.7 ± 4.4%, P  = .04, d  =‐0.75 [‐1.44, ‐0.03]) and the proximal joints at 50 (75.3 ± 11.5% vs 60.8 ± 11.8%, P  < .01, d  =  ‐1.25 [‐1.96, ‐0.47]), 100 (33.1 ± 19.4% vs 22.3 ± 6.5%, P  = .04, d  =  ‐0.74 [‐1.42, ‐0.01]), and 150 ms (29.3 ± 17.8 vs 19.0 ± 5.7%, P  = .03, d  =‐0.77 [‐1.46, ‐0.04]) compared to LAS copers. Females with CAI may benefit from therapeutic exercises designed to correct a single‐leg energy dissipation strategy that relies less on the ankle joint.     

Evaluation of right ventricular function with multidetector computed tomography: comparison with magnetic resonance imaging and analysis of inter- and intraobserver variability

This study was performed to prospectively compare multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) with 16 simultaneous sections and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the assessment of global right ventricular function in 50 patients. MDCT using a semiautomatic analysis tool showed good correlation with MRI for end-diastolic volume (EDV, r = 0.83, p < 0.001), end-systolic volume (ESV, r = 0.86, p < 0.001) and stroke volume (SV, r = 0.74, p < 0.001), but only a moderate correlation for the ejection fraction (EF, r = 0.67, p < 0.001). Bland Altman analysis revealed a slight, but insignificant overestimation of EDV (4.0 ml, p = 0.08) and ESV (2.4 ml, p = 0.07), and underestimation of EF (0.1%, p = 0.92) with MDCT compared with MRI. All limits of agreement between both modalities (EF: ±15.7%, EDV: ±31.0 ml, ESV: ±18.0 ml) were in a moderate but acceptable range. Interobserver variability of MDCT was not significantly different from that of MRI. For MDCT software, the post-processing time was significantly longer (19.6 ± 5.8 min) than for MRI (11.8 ± 2.6 min, p < 0.001). Accurate assessment of right ventricular volumes by 16-detector CT is feasible but still rather time-consuming.     

Assessment of myocardial triglyceride oxidation with PET and 11C-palmitate

Background  The goal of this study was to test whether myocardial triglyceride (TG) turnover including oxidation of TG-derived fatty acids (FA) could be assessed with PET and ¹¹C-palmitate. Methods and Results  A total of 26 dogs were studied fasted (FAST), during Intralipid infusion (IL), during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp without (HIEG), or with Intralipid infusion (HIEG + IL). ¹¹C-palmitate was injected, and 45 minutes were allowed for labeling of myocardial TG pool. 3D PET data were then acquired for 60 minutes, with first 15 minutes at baseline followed by 45 minutes during cardiac work stimulated with constant infusion of either phenylephrine (FAST, n = 6; IL, n = 6; HIEG + IL, n = 6) or dobutamine (FAST, n = 4; HIEG, n = 4). Myocardial ¹¹C washout during adrenergic stimulation (AS) was fitted to a mono-exponential function (Km(PET)). To determine the source of this ¹¹C clearance, Km(PET) was compared to direct coronary sinus-arterial measurements of total ¹¹C activity, ¹¹C-palmitate, and ¹¹CO₂. Before AS, PET curves in all groups were flat indicating absence of net clearance of ¹¹C activity from heart. In both FAST groups, AS resulted in negligible net ¹¹C activity and ¹¹CO₂ production higher than net ¹¹C-palmitate uptake. AS with phenylephrine resulted in net myocardial uptake of total ¹¹C activity and ¹¹C-palmitate in IL and HIEG + IL, and ¹¹CO₂ production lower than ¹¹C-palmitate uptake. In contrast, AS with dobutamine in HIEG resulted in net clearance of all ¹¹C metabolites (total ¹¹C activity, ¹¹C-palmitate and ¹¹CO₂) with ¹¹CO₂ contributing 66% to endogenous FA oxidation. The AS resulted in significant Km(PET) in all the groups, except HIEG + IL. However, positive correlation between Km(PET) and ¹¹CO₂ was observed only in HIEG (R ² = 0.83, P = .09). Conclusions  This is the first study to demonstrate that using PET and pre-labeling of intracardiac TG pool with ¹¹C-palmitate, noninvasive assessment of myocardial TG use is feasible under metabolic conditions that favor endogenous TG use such as increased metabolic demand (β-adrenergic stimulation of cardiac work) with limited availability of exogenous substrate (HIEG).