2002～2003年广西学校突发公共卫生事件流行病学分析

目的了解发生在广西学校内的突发公共卫生事件的特征，为预防利控制及有效处理学校内的突发公共卫生事件提供科学依据。方法应用描述性流行病学方法对2002～2003年广西学校突发公共卫生事件进行分析。结果2002～2003年广西学校内突发公共卫生事件发生率连年上升，高峰出现在5、10月份；发生的突发公共卫生事件主要集中在乡村学校，其中村级小学和乡级中学发生率最高，学校内常见的突发公共卫生事件排序为流感、食物中毒、伤寒和麻疹。结论学校内的突发公共卫生事件严重危害广大学生身心健康和生命安全，通过流行病学分析，提出了相应的预防与控制措施。     

长沙市2003～2006年突发公共卫生事件流行病学分析

目的了解长沙市突发公共卫生事件的流行特征,为预防、控制和有效处理突发公共卫生事件提供依据。方法收集长沙市2003～2006年突发公共卫生事件资料,应用描述性流行病学分析。结果全市2003～2006年共报告75起突发公共卫生事件,发病人数为3 640人,死亡1人,病死率0.03%。发生时间以6月、9月相对较高,事件类型以传染病暴发疫情为主,事件发生场所主要在学校。结论突发公共卫生事件严重危害人民群众的身体健康和生命安全,长沙市农村地区和学校是突发共卫生事件防控的重点。     

瑞安市2004—2007年突发公共卫生事件分析

目的探讨瑞安市突发公共卫生事件的流行病学特点，为调查处置突发公共卫生事件提供科学依据。方法应用描述流行病学方法对瑞安市2004—2007年突发公共卫生事件报告和调查处置资料进行统计分析。结果2004—2007年瑞安市共报告各类突发公共卫生事件33起，合计波及人数26658人，发病或中毒人数1417人，死亡4人，病死率为0．28％。事件类型以传染病疫情为主，占报告事件总数的84．85％，占发病或中毒总人数的84．90％。幼托机构和学校是突发公共卫生事件的高发场所，占报告事件总数的66．67％和发病或中毒总人数的90．47％，以外来民工子女集中的乡村小学为主，高发月份为夏、冬季，以水痘暴发最为常见；而较大和重大突发公共卫生事件多为甲类传染病暴发和化学毒物中毒所致，好发为夏秋季。结论瑞安市突发公共卫生事件大多数发生在民工子女集中的乡村小学，应采取相应的预防和控制措施，有效预防、控制和消除学校突发公共卫生事件。同时应高度关注甲类传染病暴发疫情和职业中毒等，避免重大突发公共卫生事件的发生。     

宁波市2004～2006年学校突发公共卫生事件分析

目的了解宁波市学校突发公共卫生事件的流行病学规律，为预防、控制及有效处置学校突发公共卫生事件提供科学依据。方法应用描述流行病学方法对宁波市2004—2006年学校突发公共卫生事件数据、资料进行统计分析。结果2004—2006年宁波市报告学校突发公共卫生事件109起，发病人数4068人，占全市突发公共卫生事件发生起数的81．3％和发病人数的70．8％。乡村小学是突发公共卫生事件好发场所；传染病暴发疫情是各类学校突发公共卫生事件的主要类型，发生起数较多的疾病依次为水痘、流行性感冒、流行性腮腺炎。结论学校突发公共卫生事件严重危害广大青少年学生身心健康和生命安全，通过流行病学分析，提出了相应的预防与控制措施。     

2005—2008年广西突发公共卫生事件流行病学特征及防控对策

目的了解广西突发公共卫生事件的流行病特征,为制订预防控制对策提供科学依据。方法对广西2005～2008年通过国家突发公共卫生事件信息管理系统报告的突发公共卫生事件进行描述性流行病学分析。结果共报告突发事件706起,发病25791例,死亡153例,病死率5．93‰;其中以传染病事件475起（67．28％）为主,发病20600例（79．87％）,死亡50例,病死率2．43‰;食物中毒事件178起（25．21％）,发病4013例（15．56％）。死亡71例。病死率17．69‰;其他事件53起（7．51％）,发病1178例,死亡32例,病死率27．16‰。4年来,事件起数呈上升态势,2007年达到高峰;地区分布：南宁市占26．49％,其次为河池市占14．45％,两市共报告289起,占40．93％。事件主要发生时间：每年3～6月份,其中5月份最多。人群分布：以学生为主的事件共478起（67．71％）,发病19679例,死亡28例,波及人口数1050913人;以农民和民工为主的事件190起,发病3807例,死亡122例;其他38起,发病2305例,死亡3例。结论广西突发公共卫生事件呈上升趋势,学校、农村地区传染病和食物中毒事件的预防控制是工作重点。     

贺州市2005～2013年学校突发公共卫生事件流行病学分析

目的分析贺州市学校突发公共卫生事件流行病学特征及危险因素,为预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法应用描述性流行病学方法对贺州市学校突发公共卫生事件的流行病学特征进行描述和统计分析。结果 2005~2013年贺州市共报告学校突发公共卫生事件144起,发病8 142例,死亡4例。每年均有学校突发公共卫生事件报告,全年除2、8月份外均有报告,4~5月份和11~12月份为发病高峰。事件主要集中在中小学和幼托机构。2005~2013年学校突发公共卫生事件的97.22%为传染病事件,且以呼吸道传染病为主。结论贺州市学校突发公共卫生事件主要发生在农村中小学,且以呼吸道传染病事件为主,其中4~5月、11~12月为高发月份,肠道传染病事件的高发月份为5~7月,食物中毒的高发月份为4~6月。应加强学校卫生设施建设,加强饮用水卫生和饮食卫生等有针对性的措施,以预防控制学校突发公共卫生事件的发生。     

2004～2007年南宁市突发公共卫生相关事件监测信息分析

目的了解南宁市突发公共卫生事件相关信息的流行病学特征，提高应对突发公共卫生事件的能力。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对南宁市2004～2007年通过突发公共卫生事件报告管理系统所报告的突发公共卫生事件相关信息进行分析。结果南宁市2004～2007年共报告突发公共卫生事件相关信息146起，发病7226例，死亡8例，以传染病和食物中毒事件为主，分别占75．34％和15．75％。事件报告主要集中在宾阳县（51起），事件发生以农村（90起）居多，时间主要集中在9～12月（60起），以学生为主的事件居多，共109起，均发生在学校。结论根据南宁市突发公共卫生事件的流行特征，应加强对学校、幼托机构、农村的卫生监督工作，预防和控制传染病及食物中毒的发生。     

北海市2007～2011年突发公共卫生事件流行病学调查分析

目的:分析2007～2011年北海市突发公共卫生事件发生情况,了解其流行病学特征,为预测、预警和有效防控突发公共卫生事件提供科学依据.方法:利用网络直报系统突发公共卫生事件案例库资料,描述与分析北海市2007～2011年突发公共卫生事件分布特征.结果:2007～2011年北海市共报告突发公共卫生事件65起,发病2 208例,死亡2例.其中传染病事件59起,占事件总数的90.07%,病种以水痘居多.学校尤其是乡小学是发生突发公共卫生事件的主要场所,每年开学期间是传染病事件发生高峰期.突发公共卫生事件罹患率是4.230‰,从首发病例发病时间到接到信息报告时间中位数8.82 d,事件持续时间中位数为14.82 d,两者相关系数为0.6890.结论:北海市突发公共卫生事件以传染病事件为主,学校和托幼机构是防控突发公共卫生事件重点场所,每年学校开学期间是防控的重点时期,及时报告是事件控制的关键.     

郑州市二七区2007～2010年突发公共卫生事件监测分析

目的了解郑州市二七区突发公共卫生事件的流行病学特征,为突发事件的防控提供依据。方法对2007～2010年网络报告的突发公共卫生事件采用描述性流行病学的方法进行统计学分析。结果本辖区4年报告发生突发公共卫生事件31起,发生病例338例,死亡5例;传染病疫情29起,占93．55％,食物中毒与其他中毒2起,占6．45％。2009年事件发生总数高于2007、2008和2010年。辖区内大中专院校、小学及托幼机构发病人数达259例,占发病总数的76．63％。传染病疫情暴发占我辖区突发公共卫生事件的主要构成比,发病人群主要集中于学校。结论学校内突发的公共卫生事件严重危害广大学生身心健康和生命安全,学校卫生工作是目前疾病控制工作的重点,通过流行病学分析,提出了相应的预防与控制措施。     

大理市2005-2009年突发公共卫生事件特点分析

目的了解大理市突发公共卫生事件的流行病学特征,为预防、控制及有效处理突发公共卫生事件提供科学依据。方法应用描述流行病学方法对大理市在2005-2009年处置的突发公共卫生事件进行汇总分析。结果 5年中大理市突发公共卫生事件56起,以传染病为主,学校事件报告率最高。结论突发公共卫生事件严重危害人民群众的身体健康和生命安全,通过流行病学分析,提出了相应的预防与控制措施。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.