浦东新区社区2型糖尿病患者营养教育干预研究

目的 评估浦东新区社区营养教育对2型糖尿病的干预效果.方法 2005年4月-2006年4月分别选取金杨、浦兴两社区自愿参加的非住院2型糖尿病患者102例为干预组,99例为对照组.干预组除给予药物治疗外并采取膳食评价与指导、营养健康教育、营养咨询、食谱配制等干预措施,对照组为单纯药物治疗.干预前后对两组患者采用24 h膳食回顾法进行膳食调查及相关生化指标测定.结果 干预后干预组膳食知识知晓率、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为[(79.41%)、(1.27±0.38)mmol/L]均高于对照组为[(52.53%)、(1.17±0.16)mmol/L],差别有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01),糖化血红蛋白[(6.63+1.81)%]低于对照组为[(7.10±0.74%],差别有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 2型糖尿病患者在使用药物治疗的同时加强营养教育,注意饮食和营养,对改善2型糖尿病患者血糖控制效果较好.     

社区2型糖尿病营养干预的对比研究

目的　探索对社区中老年 2型糖尿病的营养干预措施 ,更加有效地控制糖尿病并发症的发生与发展 ,提高患者的生命质量。方法　从某社区选取已确诊的非住院 2型糖尿病患者 60例 ,采用配对设计分为干预组和对照组。干预组除给予药物治疗外还采取膳食指导、健康教育、营养干预等措施 ,对照组为单纯药物治疗组。用配对t检验、χ2分析对资料进行处理。结果　干预前两组糖尿病人群三餐热能分配比不合理、动物性脂肪摄入偏高、膳食纤维摄入较少。均存在钙、锌、视黄醇、维生素B2 摄入不足 ,分别低于RDA的 50 %、2 7%、54 %和 46 %。采取营养干预措施后干预组与对照组比较 ,营养缺乏和营养比例不平衡问题得到改善 ;空腹血糖、餐后 2小时血糖、糖基化血红蛋白、血清胆固醇、甘油三酯等指标均有显著降低。结论　 2型糖尿病病人膳食结构不合理 ;营养干预对防治 2型糖尿病有效 ;本干预方案可在社区推广。     

上海市徐汇区社区2型糖尿病患者营养干预效果评价

[目的]评价对社区2型糖尿病患者开展营养干预的效果。[方法]随机抽取上海市徐汇区社区313例2型糖尿病患者,分为干预组156例和对照组157例,进行为期半年的营养干预,其中对干预组实施强化营养教育、营养软件评估、膳食指导和规范随访。观察并比较干预组和对照组患者干预前后的糖尿病知识知晓率及血糖、血脂检测结果。[结果]干预组患者在接受营养干预后,空腹静脉血糖、餐后2 h末梢血糖和总胆固醇有所下降;糖尿病知识回答正确率较对照组也有所提高。[结论]对社区2型糖尿病患者开展营养干预对提高知识知晓率,控制其血糖水平,减轻或减少糖尿病并发症的发生等有积极意义。     

糖尿病患者营养干预效果评价

目的 了解营养干预对糖尿病患者的治疗效果,以探索对糖尿病切实有效的营养干预措施.方法 选取临床确诊的门诊糖尿病患者278例,采用配对设计将其分为营养干预组和对照组.在给予药物治疗的同时,营养干预组还采取综合的营养干预措施.干预前后对2组患者进行膳食调查及相关生化指标测定,以观察营养干预的效果.结果 采用营养干预措施后,2组空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白、血清胆固醇、甘油三酯等生化指标均降低,但干预组与对照组比较干预组效果更为明显;干预组饮食结构更为合理.结论 当前糖尿病患者群的膳食质量存在问题;糖尿病患者在使用药物治疗同时注意合理饮食和营养,对改善糖尿病临床症状,控制血糖,延缓糖尿病并发症的发生,有明显的促进作用.     

营养干预对2型糖尿病的效果评价

目的探索对中老年２型糖尿病切实有效的营养干预措施。方法 选取临床确诊的非停顿守２型糖尿病患６０例,采用配对设计分为干预组和对照组。干预组除给予药物治疗外还采取膳食指导、营养教育咨询、配制食谱等干预措施,对照组为单纯药物治疗组。结果 采用营养干预措施后干预组与对照组比较,空腹血糖、腹后２小时血糖、糖基化血红蛋白、血清胆固醇、甘油三酯等指标均有显降低。结论 ２型糖尿病患在使用药物治疗同时注意合理     

2型糖尿病合并高血压患者的社区综合干预效果评价

目的探讨对2型糖尿病合并高血压患者进行社区综合干预的效果。方法在松江区叶榭社区内确诊的108名2型糖尿病合并高血压患者中,采取随机,对照的方法,分为干预组50例,实行饮食干预、运动干预、药物治疗、血糖血压监测及糖尿病、高血压教育的综合治疗;对照组58例,仅常规药物治疗,历时1年,检测和比较两组干预前后的血压变化,糖尿病生化指标(空腹血糖,餐后2 h血糖,糖化血红蛋白)及血糖、血压控制率。结果经过1年的社区综合干预措施,干预组的收缩压/舒张压,各项血糖指标均较干预前及对照组明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而对照组干预前后血压,血糖指标无显著变化(P0.05)。1年后的干预组血糖控制率达到56%,血压达标控制率为38%,明显高于对照组22%的血糖控制率及12%的血压达标率(P0.01)。结论社区综合干预是促进2型糖尿病合并高血压患者得到有效防治的理想手段,值得在社区内积极开展与推广。     

护理干预对2型糖尿病患者治疗依从性和生活质量的影响

目的探讨护理干预对2型糖尿病患者治疗依从性和生活质量的影响。方法选取本院内科收治的130例2型糖尿病患者为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各65例。对照组采用常规药物治疗;观察组在对照组治疗的基础上,采取包括知识宣教、饮食干预、运动锻炼及药物服用指导等护理干预措施,比较分析两组患者治疗依从性和生活质量改变情况。结果观察组患者实施护理干预后,2型糖尿病患者治疗依从性和生活质量改善效果显著优于对照组,且干预后各项指标比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对2型糖尿病患者实施综合护理干预措施,不仅可以有效地提高患者治疗依从性,而且可以有效地控制血糖,提高2型糖尿病患者的生活质量。     

社区2型糖尿病防治干预

目的 通过对社区2型糖尿病的防治进行干预,为有效开展2型糖尿病的防治干预措施提供科学依据.方法 选取在我社区诊断为2型糖尿病的患者98例,随机分为干预组和对照组各49例,干预组给予降糖药物、健康教育、饮食干预和心理及运动指导治疗,对照组给予降糖药物和健康教育,经过半年的防治干预治疗后,对两组患者的空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2hPG)及糖化血红蛋白(GHbA1)的变化情况进行比较.结果 干预组与对照组患者的空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖及糖化血红蛋白在防治干预后经t检验,P值均＜0.05(t值分别为3.79、5.26、6.77),差异具有统计学意义.结论 2型糖尿病患者在常规药物治疗的同时,进行科学完善的健康教育、饮食干预和心理及运动指导,有利于使患者的血糖得到有效控制,可降低本病的病死率和并发症的发生几率,对本病的治疗和患者的生活质量起到积极的促进作用.     

安阳市文峰区2型糖尿病膳食营养干预现状调查分析

目的了解安阳市文峰区2型糖尿病患者膳食营养干预措施现状,分析患者在饮食治疗过程中,各类膳食营养干预措施实施效果。方法采取自制调查表,按照调查对象选择标准,以自愿为原则,随机抽取T2DM一般患者调查对象150例,对2型糖尿病患者实施膳食营养干预措施现状进行调查分析。结果 2型糖尿病患者各类膳食营养干预措施使用率分别为:"主食固定法"68.67%;"传统细算法"2.66%;"手测量法"6.00%;"食物交换份法"22.67%;"血糖生成指数法"和"血糖负荷法"均为0。结论提高糖尿病患者饮食治疗依从性,促使患者长期自觉严格执行饮食治疗方案,将是预防与控制糖尿病过程中一项长期而艰巨的任务。     

社区综合干预糖尿病的效果观察

目的探讨社区综合干预糖尿病的疗效。方法回顾性分析在我院门诊治疗的2型糖尿病患者160例,随机分为干预组和对照组各80例,对照组予常规药物治疗;干预组在对照组的基础上予综合干预措施,1年后比较两组血糖、血脂的情况及治疗的依从性。结果干预组的空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2h血糖(2hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、血脂等生物学指标均低于对照组(P<0.05);在糖尿病的认知、遵医用药、定期监测血糖、合理饮食及运动等方面的依从性干预组也优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论社区综合干预糖尿病提高了患者治疗依从性,控制了病情的发展,改善了生活质量。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.