个性化康复护理在肝胆外科围手术期的应用效果

目的观察个性化康复护理在肝胆外科围手术期的应用效果.方法选取2017年2月至2020年2月在我院行肝胆外科手术的130例患者为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组,各65例.对照组围手术期给予常规护理,观察组围手术期给予个性化康复护理,比较两组护理效果.结果观察组术后12 h的VAS评分低于对照组,首次排气时间、首次下床活...     

Instrumentation in single‐access laparoscopic surgery

Single‐access laparoscopic surgery is gaining wide acceptance from surgeons. Multiple instruments and the scope are inserted in a restricted area, specifically a small incision. However, the ports, instrument handles, light guide, and camera head tend to clash outside the abdomen. The rule of triangular formation is violated, causing problems that do not occur in standard laparoscopic surgery. To cope with these issues, progress has been made in the design of scopes, instruments and access devices. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of these new methods and tools, so that single‐access laparoscopic surgery becomes safer for patients and less demanding for surgeons.     

Current development in single‐incision laparoscopic surgery

This article reviews current developments in single‐incision laparoscopic surgery, with a focus on reported experiences in cholecystectomy. Difficulties and likely future developments in single‐incision laparoscopic surgery are also discussed.     

规范化疼痛管理在肝胆外科术后患者疼痛控制中的应用

目的探讨规范化疼痛管理在肝胆外科术后患后疼痛控制中的应用效果。方法选取2017年11月—2018年4月住院行肝胆外科手术治疗的患者547例,分为对照组369例和观察组178例。对照组采用常规疼痛管理,观察组采取规范化疼痛管理。比较2组患者中重度静息疼痛的发生率、活动性疼痛评分等指标。结果观察组患者术后3天内中重度静息痛的发生率为20.22%,低于对照组的23.31%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后6、12、24、48 h时观察组活动性疼痛评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论规范化疼痛管理能有效控制肝胆外手术患者术后疼痛程度,有利于患者的快速康复。     

112例后腹腔镜技术在泌尿外科的应用

目的 探讨后腹腔镜手术治疗泌尿系疾病的临床效果及方法.方法 采用后腹腔镜手术治疗泌尿系疾病112例,其中肾囊肿去顶术66例,肾上腺手术15例(原发性醛固酮增多症3例,嗜铬细胞瘤4例,皮质醇腺瘤1例,神经纤维瘤1例,无功能皮质腺瘤2例,皮质增生1例,肾上腺囊肿2例,髓性脂肪瘤1例),乳糜尿肾蒂淋巴管结扎术6例,单纯性肾切除术4例,肾癌根治性肾切除术5例,肾孟榆尿管癌肾输尿管全切术5例,肾盂输尿管成型术3例,输尿管切开取石术8例.结果 111例获得成功,中转开放手术1例,无严重并发症发生,疗效满意.结论 后腹腔镜手术具有创伤小、出血少、疼痛轻、恢复快、并发症少等优点,临床疗效可靠,实用性较强.     

Single‐incision laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery for gastrointestinal stromal tumor arising from the duodenum

We report a case involving a minimally invasive single‐incision laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative local excision of a duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumor. A 59‐year‐old man presented with a 35‐mm lesion located in the second portion of the duodenum. A local resection was performed via single‐incision laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery. Intraluminal endoscopic dissection of the duodenal mucosa and submucosa was performed circumferentially around the tumor. The resection was then completed by laparoscopic dissection of the seromuscular layer around the tumor. The tumor was retrieved laparoscopically. After confirming that the resection achieved clear surgical margins, we closed the duodenal wall with a laparoscopic stapling device. There were no postoperative complications, including stenosis. Single‐incision laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery can be safely and effectively performed for a duodenal submucosal tumor.     

腹腔镜联合手术

目的 探讨腹腔镜联合手术的临床应用价值。方法 回顾分析212例腹腔镜联合手术的临床资料。结果 212例腹腔镜联合手术中，2例中转，1例术后胆漏，1例再手术，其余208例均获成功并顺利恢复。结论 腹腔镜联合手术能够安全、有效、经济地处理多种腹部疾病，使患者能够充分享受到微创外科手术的优越性，值得进一步开展普及。     

纳布啡联合舒芬太尼在肝胆外科腹腔镜术后的镇痛效果

目的探讨纳布啡联合舒芬太尼用于肝胆外科腹腔镜术后患者自控镇痛(PCA)的临床疗效。方法选取2018年1月-2020年1月该院收治的120例腹腔镜肝胆外科手术患者作为研究对象,随机分为舒芬太尼组(S组)、纳布啡组(N组)和纳布啡联合舒芬太尼组(N+S组),每组各40例。S组术后镇痛使用舒芬太尼,N组术后镇痛使用纳布啡,N+S组术后镇痛使用纳布啡联合舒芬太尼,记录3组患者术后不同时间段心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、视觉模拟评分(VAS)、术后PCA按压次数和不良反应发生情况。结果 N+S组在术后10 min (T_3)、30 min (T_4)和60 min (T_5)的MAP及HR均明显低于S组,且在T_4及T_5时点,N+S组较N组HR及MAP明显降低,两组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P 0.05)。N+S组在术后8 h (T_7)、12 h (T_8)和24 h (T_9)的VAS评分明显低于S组,N+S组术后PCA按压次数明显少于S组,两组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P 0.05)。N+S组的不良反应总发生率明显低于N组及S组,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论纳布啡与舒芬太尼联合应用于肝胆外科腹腔镜术后镇痛效果良好,且用药安全性高,值得临床推广使用。     

腹腔镜结直肠切除术中转开腹风险因素分析及评分系统初步建立

目的分析腹腔镜结直肠切除术（LCS）中转开腹风险因素,根据风险因素建立预测LCS中转开腹的评分系统。方法对429例患者的临床资料进行回顾性研究。结果中转开腹68例,中转开腹率15.58%,应用Logistic回归分析确定LCS中转开腹风险因素为：年龄≥65岁（CI=2.115,P〈0.05）、体指指数BMI≥25（CI=2.907,P〈0.01）、手术例数≤25例（CI=1.900,P〈0.05）、有腹部手术史（CI=3.205,P〈0.05）、有转移（CI=30.115,P〈0.01）、肿瘤≥6cm（CI=8.954,P〈0.05）,并计算出LCS中转开腹可能性方程,根据方程建立评分系统：年龄（≥65岁为7分,〈65岁为0分）、体重（BMI≥25为11分,BMI〈25为0分）、手术是否为前25例（是为5分,不是为0分）、是否有腹部手术史（是为12分,不是0分）、肿瘤大小（≥6cm为22分,〈6cm为0分）、是否有转移（有为34分,无为0分）。计算病例得分后画出ROC曲线,预测转开腹得分为18.5分,敏感度0.765,特异度0.806。18.5分以下开腹率为5.21%,18.5分以上开腹率为42.62%（P〈0.001）。结论该评分系统预测中转开腹简便易行,稳定可靠。     

A novel locally operated master-slave robot system for single-incision laparoscopic surgery

Abstract

Purpose: Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) provides more cosmetic benefits than conventional laparoscopic surgery but presents operational difficulties. To overcome this technical problem, we have developed a locally operated master-slave robot system that provides operability and a visual field similar to conventional laparoscopic surgery. Material and methods: A surgeon grasps the master device with the left hand, which is placed above the abdominal wall, and holds a normal instrument with the right hand. A laparoscope, a slave robot, and the right-sided instrument are inserted through one incision. The slave robot is bent in the body cavity and its length, pose, and tip angle are changed by manipulating the master device; thus the surgeon has almost the same operability as with normal laparoscopic surgery. To evaluate our proposed system, we conducted a basic task and an ex vivo experiment. Results: In basic task experiments, the average object-passing task time was 9.50 sec (SILS cross), 22.25 sec (SILS parallel), and 7.23 sec (proposed SILS). The average number of instrument collisions was 3.67 (SILS cross), 14 (SILS parallel), and 0.33 (proposed SILS). In the ex vivo experiment, we confirmed the applicability of our system for single-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Conclusion: We demonstrated that our proposed robot system is useful for single-incision laparoscopic surgery.     

腹腔镜手术治疗输卵管妊娠40例临床分析

目的：探讨腹腔镜治疗输卵管妊娠的疗效。方法：选择2007年1月—2010年12月输卵管妊娠手术患者80例,腹腔镜手术者（40例）为腹腔镜手术组,开腹手术者（40例）为开腹手术组。对两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后排气时间、术后下床时间、术后住院天数、术后应用镇痛剂的例数、术后发热人数等进行比较分析。结果：两组在术中出血量、术后排气时间、术后平均下床时间、术后平均住院天数、术后应用镇痛剂等方面来比较,差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。结论：腹腔镜治疗输卵管妊娠创伤小、住院时间短、恢复快、疗效确切,可作为治疗输卵管妊娠的首选术式。     

腹腔镜下多脏器联合手术的临床体会

目的应用腹腔镜技术行腹腔内多脏器联合手术。方法分析10余年来由肝胆外科、妇产科、泌尿外科等联合完成腹腔镜下多脏器联合手术，其中行LC＋肠粘连松解术23例，LC＋阑尾切除术10例，LC＋肝囊肿开窗引流术12例，LC＋肝活检术13例，LC＋子宫附件手术6例，LC＋右肾囊肿去顶术2例，肝囊肿开窗引流＋肠粘连松解术3例。结果69例手术均顺利完成，无不可控制的出血，无中转开腹，无术后并发症发生。平均手术时间为100min，单病灶LC为45min；术后平均住院天数为5．2d，LC3．8d。所有患者均在术后36h内下床活动，术后第2天恢复饮食。结论腹腔镜下多脏器联合手术不增加患者痛苦，一次手术同时完成两个病灶，缩短了麻醉、手术和住院时间，从而减轻了患者的经济负担，兼有微创美容的效果。     

快速康复外科理念指导下腹腔镜胆道探查术的前瞻性随机对照临床研究

目的 探讨快速康复外科理念指导下腹腔镜胆道探查术的疗效,并分析其安全性.方法 选择2007年8月～2012年2月株洲市一医院肝胆外科择期行腹腔镜胆道探查术的190例患者,按住院号分为快速康复(FTS)组和对照组.快速康复组应用FTS措施进行处理,对照组采取传统的方案治疗,两组行随机对照研究,比较两组术后胰岛素抵抗指数、营养状况、麻醉用药量、术后清醒时间、术后下床活动时间、镇痛效果、住院费用、住院天数、术后并发疰发生率以及患者对治疗的满意度.结果 实验组与对照组比较,患者术后胰岛素抵抗指数降低,术后体重下降程度缩短,麻醉用药量减少,术后清醒时间及肛门排气时间以及术后住院天数显著缩短,住院费用减少,并发症减少,患者满意度提高.结论 快速康复外科理念指导下腹腔镜胆道探查术能明显减少患者痛苦,减少并发症的发生,加速患者术后康复,提高患者满意度,临床应用安全,可行.