Non‐vascular intervention with real‐time CT fluoroscopy

The emerging technology of CT fluoroscopy (CTF) represents the first opportunity for real‐time CT guidance in non‐vascular intervention. As with any new technology, its efficacy requires validation before widespread application can be advocated. A review of our initial experience is presented with particular attention to room, procedure and fluoroscopy time savings, complication rates and dosimetry. Computed tomography fluoroscopy is useful for pulmonary, pelvic, retroperitoneal and other deep organ lesions that are not easily accessible by other modalities. Computed tomography fluoroscopy decreases procedure time by at least a factor of 2 compared with conventional CT (C‐CT) guidance, resulting in improved throughput in a busy interventional CT department. Accurate targeting of small lesions, previously considered inaccessible, can also be achieved with CTF. Exposure to the physician’s hands can be reduced to a level that is acceptable to the International Commission on Radiological Protection guidelines.     

Comparison of two imaging protocols for acute stroke: Unenhanced cranial CT versus a multimodality cranial CT protocol with perfusion imaging

The aim of the study was to validate a multimodality cranial computed tomography (CCT) protocol for patients with acute stroke in the United Arab Emirates as a basic imaging procedure for a stroke unit. Therefore, a comparative study was conducted between two groups: retrospective, historical group 1 with early unenhanced CCT and prospective group 2 undergoing a multimodality CCT protocol. Follow‐up unenhanced CCT >48 h served as gold standard in both groups. Group 1: Early unenhanced CCT of 50 patients were evaluated retrospectively, using Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score, and compared with the definite infarction on follow‐up CCT. Group 2: 50 patients underwent multimodality CCT (unenhanced CCT, perfusion studies: cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood volume, mean transit time and CT angiography) <8 h after clinical onset and follow‐up studies. Modified National Institute of Health Stroke Scale was used clinically in both groups. Group 1 showed 38 men, 12 women, clinical onset 2–8 h before CCT and modified National Institute of Health Stroke Scale 0–28. Group 2 included 38 men, 12 women, onset 3–8 h before CCT, modified National Institute of Health Stroke Scale 0–28. Sensitivity was 58.3% in group 1 and 84.2% in group 2. Computed tomography angiography detected nine intracranial occlusions/stenoses. The higher sensitivity of the multimodality CCT protocol justifies its use as a basic diagnostic tool for the set‐up of a first‐stroke unit in the United Arab Emirates.     

18F-FDG PET/CT全身显像在寻找肿瘤原发灶中的临床价值

目的：回顾性探讨了^18F-FDG PET/CT显像在寻找肿瘤原发灶中的临床价值。方法：对33例原发灶不明转移癌（CUP）患者行^18F-FDG PET/CT全身显像,通过视觉判断和SUV测定对原发灶和转移灶进行判断,并经随访观察、综合诊断证实。结果：33个病例中找到原发灶者25例（75.8%,25/33）,其中肺癌9例,肝癌2例,鼻咽癌2例,甲状腺癌2例,乳腺癌、食管癌、胃癌、胰腺癌、肠癌、肾癌、前列腺癌、脑胶质瘤、淋巴瘤和腹膜后肌母细胞瘤各1例。结论：^18F-FDG PET/CT全身显像能有效地发现CUP患者的原发灶,一次扫描能了解全身各脏器病灶分布情况,这对选择正确的治疗方案、评价患者预后有着重要的临床意义。     

甲状腺结节的超声、CT及MRI影像学特征研究进展

甲状腺结节是迄今为止最常见的内分泌系统疾病，当患者有相应适应证行颈部/颈动脉超声（US）、计算机断层扫描（CT）或磁共振成像（MRI）时，患病率高达70%。其发病机制主要与遗传、炎症、肿瘤、应激、辐射暴露及自身免疫系统有关,本文对甲状腺结节的超声及CT影像学研究进展进行综述，以期进一步提高甲状腺结节的诊断水平。     

Computed tomography and radiotherapy in the treatment of cancer

Computed tomography (CT) has shown to be of great value in the treatment of cancer with radiation therapy. It is used more and more in the estimation of tumor volume and for treatment planning, with the aid of the computerized treatment unit. At the James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, CT has been used routinely for the treatment planning. From October 1, 1981 to June 30, 1982, we performed 180 CT scans for the treatment planning, 380 simple dose calculations, 237 complex treatment plans, and 42 intracavitary dosimetry using the treatment planning unit. This is a review of our experience with some illustrations. Accurate tumor dose can be delivered with reducing the complications with the use of CT and the computerized treatment unit.     

Localization of small liver tumors.

Thirty-six patients with small liver tumor were diagnosed by alpha-fetoprotein (AFP); sonography, and computed tomography (CT), and underwent hepatectomy. The pathological types included 23 hepatocelluler carcinoma (HCC), 11 hepatic cavernous hemangioma, and 2 secondary liver cancer. In 22 patients, the tumor nodules were located in the right lobe and 14 cases in the left lobe. The diagnostic accuracy rate of CT was 100% for HCC and secondary liver cancer, but for hepatic cavernous hemangioma it was only 72.2%. However, the accuracy rate of sonography was as high as 81.8% for hepatic cavernous hemangioma and only 60.4% for liver malignancies. The positive rate of AFP for the HCC patients of this series was only 66.6%. The method of intraoperative detection of small liver tumor is introduced, if the tumor was invisible grossly or nonpalpable during exploratory laparotomy. In the series, 7 cases in whom the right lobe lesion was too small to be located by routine manual examination during exploratory laparotomy were detected by this method, and all small liver tumors were resected successfully.     

CT appearances of hydatid disease at various locations

Hydatid disease has characteristic imaging features on CT, which allow accurate preoperative diagnosis in most cases. However, when it occurs at unusual locations the diagnosis is often difficult, especially as the imaging appearance varies at different sites. In this article we have presented a pictorial review of the CT features of disease due to Echinococcus granulosus at various sites in the human body.     

Right atrial angiosarcoma and electrocardiogramgated cardiac computed tomography： a case report

Primary cardiac tumors are quite rare and most of these tumors are benign. In this report, a patient presented with chest distress and shortness of breath after activity. Echocardiography of other hospital showed a hyperechoic right atrial mass. Electrocerdiogram-gated cardiac computed tomography (ECG-Gated CT) of our hospital provided accurate information about the site and extent of the tumor, and the involvement of neighboring structures, even about the malignant nature of the lesion. The pathological study indicated angiosarcorna. The role of ECG-Gated CT in the assessment of cardiac masses and tumors was discussed. Cardiac tumors are extremely rare and can be divided into benign and malignant lesions. Myxomas are the most common type of cardiac benign tumor, while angiosarcomas are the most common type of cardiac malignant tumor.Imaging studies play an important role in the diagnosis of cardiac angiosarcomas. Echocardiogram, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the most common imaging studies for tumors evaluation. However, the precise tumor location is often difficult to evaluate precisely on the basis of two-dimensional source images. We conducted ECG-gated cardiac CT examination with 3D reconstruction for preoperative assessment in a patient with a angiosarcorna arising in the right atrium.     

Imaging assessment of rounded atelectasis: A pictorial essay

Rounded atelectasis is an increasingly recognized but under‐diagnosed and sometimes misdiagnosed pulmonary entity. This pictorial essay will present a broad range of examples of rounded atelectasis across different imaging modalities with inclusion of typical and atypical presentations. These examples will highlight imaging features that allow confident diagnosis and those that warrant further management, such as imaging surveillance, alternate imaging or invasive procedures for histological evaluation.     

A new, accurate and conventional five-point method for quantitative evaluation of ascites using plain computed tomography in cancer patients

BACKGROUND: To assess the exact response of the malignant ascites to the treatment, the objective measurement of the volume of ascites is essential. We have developed a simple method to measure the volume of ascites by using standard abdomino-pelvic computed tomography (CT). The aim of the study is to validate the accuracy of the measurements by comparing them with the standard volume calculation by using 3D-CT. METHODS: Twelve consecutive patients with cancer who had measurable ascites underwent 15 helical CT examinations. On conventional CT images, the thickness of ascites in centimeters was measured in three planes such as the bilateral subphrenic space (A and B), the bilateral paracolic space (C and D) and the pre-bladder space (E), and the average thickness: (A + B + C + D + E)/5 was then multiplied by the area of standard abdominal cavity in the anterior projection, that was assumed to be 1000 cm(2), to yield the volume of ascites: (A + B + C + D + E) x 200 (ml). The volume of ascites was compared with the exact volume, that was obtained from 3D-CT with the volume rendering method. RESULTS: The volume of ascites measured by the present method and the volume rendering method ranged from 140 to 4040 ml and from 86 to 4279 ml, respectively. The correlation was statistically significant with a correlation coefficient of 0.956 (P < 0.01) using the Spearman's rank correlation. In 13 examinations with the exact volume > or =300 ml, the average ratio of the absolute difference in the volume was 12.9 +/- 13.9% as compared with 62.8 and 162.0% in two examinations with the exact volume < 300 ml. CONCLUSION: The preliminary study indicated that the present five-point method using a conventional CT was accurate in patients with the volume of ascites > or =300 ml. Because this procedure is simple and easy to perform, it should be feasible in many hospitals for the follow-up of ascites after treatment.     

胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤的CT表现

目的探讨胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤的CT表现。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的5例胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤的CT资料。结果肿瘤最长径2.5~11.9cm,平均6.5cm,边缘规整,分叶明显。CT平扫呈密度欠均匀的低密度肿物,CT增强扫描肿瘤内部的分隔中度或明显强化而呈网格状或蜂窝状;分隔厚度1.5~2.5mm,平均2.1mm;肿瘤内部囊的数目较多,直径1.6~12mm。1例肿瘤中心有粗大的点状钙化。结论大部分胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤的CT表现比较典型,结合临床特征并注意与粘液性囊性瘤或癌等鉴别可在术前作出正确诊断。     

Traumatic rupture of the thyroid gland

A 24-year-old male presented with marked neck swelling following direct neck trauma. Imaging diagnosed a rare case of traumatic thyroid rupture.     

嗅神经母细胞瘤的CT表现

目的探讨CT在嗅神经母细胞瘤的诊断和分期中的价值。方法回顾性分析15例嗅神经母细胞瘤的CT表现。男10例,女5例。平扫8例,增强扫描7例。结果肿瘤中心位于筛窦10例,鼻腔5例;9例呈膨胀性生长,6例浸润性生长,侵犯范围为鼻腔及筛窦各14例,眼眶及上颌窦各9例,蝶窦、额窦、脑实质及鼻咽各3例,海绵窦及颞下窝各1例。14例伴有相邻骨质破坏。7例增强扫描中,轻度强化4例,中度强化3例,1例出现钙化。结论CT扫描可清楚显示肿瘤大小与部位,冠状面及矢状面扫描能更好地显示侵犯范围,具有重要意义。     

Atypical computed tomography appearance of a duodenal diverticulum

The typical CT appearance of a duodenal diverticulum is of a rounded air collection with or without fluid or contrast. An unusual case in which gas bubbles mixed with particulate matter mimicked faecal material in the large bowel is presented here. A similar appearance has been described in abnormally dilated small bowel, usually associated with obstruction, and is probably due to stasis of undigested food.     

CT、MRI及正电子发射体层成像CT在宫颈癌诊断中的应用

随着其发生率的增加及临床治疗方式的细化,对宫颈癌术前的明确分期及对肿瘤术后复发及转移的评估尤为重要。同一肿瘤应用不同的影像学检查方法可以出现不同的结果,影响临床诊断和治疗。所以影像学检查在肿瘤术前分期及术后复发病例评估中的作用越来越大。     

Pointers to the diagnosis of gastric lymphoma on computed tomography

The computed tomographic features of 12 patients with primary gastric non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and a further seven patients with gastric involvement by disseminated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma have been reviewed. In eight of these 19 patients there were clefts within the area of gastric wall involved by lymphoma where oral contrast medium passed to within 2 mm of the serosal surface in and amongst areas of gastric wall thickening (maximal thickness ranging from 18 to 40 mm). In three of these patients some clefts extended beyond the expected margin of the stomach to enter into, and be contained by, a composite soft tissue mass of stomach, spleen and splenic hilar nodes. Awareness of these features, which are in keeping with the known range of macroscopic pathological appearances in non-Hodkin's lymphoma, may help the radiologist to recognize this potentially curable disease.     

Computed tomography diagnosis of tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica

Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TO) is a rare benign disease characterized by the presence of osseous and cartilaginous submucosal nodules projecting into the tracheobronchial tree. Most cases are asymptomatic and discovered incidentally at post‐mortem. We identified a case of TO on thoracic spiral CT and confirmed the diagnosis on bronchoscopy. This article reviews the imaging characteristics of TO, and shows the 3‐D virtual bronchoscopic and multiplanar reconstruction appearances of TO.