三维CT对支气管异物诊断价值的临床研究

目的 探讨三维CT在支气管异物诊断和鉴别诊断中的作用.方法 对37例可疑支气管异物的患儿行螺旋CT检查,并进行支气管三维CT重建,通过支气管镜检术、保守及手术治疗的结果 判断三维CT检查结果 的准确性.结果 37例可疑支气管异物的患儿中,X线胸部透视提示支气管异物8例(A组);X线胸部透视不提示支气管异物29例(B组).A组中,CT提示肺内感染5例、先天性肺发育异常-肺叶缺如2例、气管食管瘘1例.B组29例患儿中,CT提示支气管异物25例,经支气管镜检证实其中24例存在植物性异物,1例为气管内肿物;CT不提示支气管异物4例,证实为肺内感染、小儿急性喉炎各2例.手术证实存在植物性异物的24例中,CT显示气管支气管内异物影共14例次,不规则狭窄共6例次;阻塞性肺不张、肺气肿、肺炎共7例次;前两项为直接征象,占74%(20/27),后三项为间接征象,占26%(7/27).结论 三维CT检查对支气管异物的诊断及鉴别诊断有重要意义,有助于疑难病例的诊断和鉴别诊断.     

计算机X线断层照像术在支气管异物诊断中的意义

目的探讨计算机X线断层照像术(CT)在儿童支气管异物诊断中的临床意义。方法对21例可疑支气管异物的患儿进行螺旋CT横断面扫描和冠状面重建,采用支气管镜术证实诊断。结果患儿均显示异物的直接征象,CT显示异物位于右肺主支气管12例,右中间支气管1例,右下叶支气管2例,左肺主支气管6例。支气管异物均经支气管镜术取出。结论CT扫描可显示儿童支气管异物,并能精确定位,对病史、体征和常规X线表现不典型的患儿有重要诊断价值。     

肺CT在诊断和治疗小儿气管、支气管异物中的价值

目的 探讨肺CT在诊断和治疗小儿气管、支气管异物中的价值.方法 对怀疑气管、支气管异物的45例患儿进行肺CT检查,应用的是16层超薄CT扫描,条件为:100～150 kV,30～50 mA,层厚1 mm,CT扫描后进行多层CT影像重建.结果 45例患儿中有42例CT检查发现了异物,另外没发现异物的3例经抗生素对症治疗1周痊愈,避免了支气管镜检术.根据CT影像及异物特点,我们设计了手术方案并选择合适的异物钳,42例患儿均一次即将异物取出,肺CT所显示的异物位置、形状及体积与支气管镜检时所见基本一致.结论 应用肺CT可以准确地诊断出气管、支气管异物,CT所提示的异物位置、形状、体积对于设计手术方案和安全取出异物具有重要价值.     

纤维支气管镜在婴儿难治性持续性喘息病因诊断及治疗中的应用

目的探讨纤维支气管镜在婴儿难治性持续性喘息病因诊断及治疗中的作用。方法回顾性收集2012年6月至2013年12月住院治疗的52例难治性持续性喘息婴儿的临床及纤维支气管镜检查资料。结果 52例患儿均有气管支气管内膜炎,单纯炎症15例(28.85%),气管狭窄3例(5.77%),气管支气管软化18例(34.62%),气管异物2例(1.92%,其中1例同时有支气管软化),黏液栓堵塞10例(19.23%);先天性气道畸形5例(9.62%)。支气管肺泡灌洗液培养阳性5例(9.62%),分别为大肠埃希菌2例,流感嗜血杆菌2例,鲍曼不动杆菌1例。肺部螺旋CT示磨玻璃样改变40例(76.92%);马赛克灌注征4例(7.69%);节段性肺实变伴阻塞性肺气肿或肺不张8例(15.38%)。52例患儿除2例先天性肺动脉吊带及1例双主动脉弓患儿需手术治疗,其余经取出异物、灌洗、抗炎治疗后均取得良好疗效。纤维支气管镜检查中仅1例术中出现不良反应。结论婴儿难治性持续性喘息往往由感染、先天性气道发育畸形、内生性及外源性异物及心血管发育畸形等多病因引起。纤维支气管镜检查有助于明确病因及治疗。     

临床特征联合多层螺旋 CT 三维重建在儿童气管支气管 异物诊断中的价值

目的探讨临床特征联合多层螺旋CT三维重建在诊断儿童气管支气管异物中的应用价值。方法回顾2012年7月至2015年12月确诊的52例气管支气管异物患儿的资料,从临床特征和多层螺旋CT三维重建技术两方面进行分析总结。结果 52例患儿中男35例、女17例,3岁以下占82.7%。临床表现中以反复咳嗽伴喘憋为主30例,以突发刺激性呛咳为主22例;主要临床体征为双肺呼吸音不对称(43例),闻及哮鸣音(32例)、湿啰音(29例)。多层螺旋CT三维重建阳性率为100%,与手术结果一致,其中5例异物嵌顿于气管内,27例嵌顿于右支气管内,20例嵌顿于左支气管内;主要合并症有肺气肿(38例)、支气管炎和肺炎(32例)、肺不张(5例)。结论临床特征与多层螺旋CT三维重建技术相结合可为诊断儿童气管支气管异物提供确实可靠的依据。     

纤维支气管镜对小儿气管支气管异物42例诊治分析

目的分析总结纤维支气管镜对小儿气管支气管异物的诊治作用。 方法对2000 08—2005 07在贵阳市儿童医院经纤维支气管镜确诊的气管支气管异物患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析。 结果经纤维支气管镜诊断的气管支气管异物为42例。年龄9个月至10岁,其中<3岁37例(88.1%)。病程2h至3个月。位于Ⅱ级以下支气管36例(85.7%),30例(71.4%)为右侧支气管异物,6例(14.3%)为左侧支气管异物。食物性异物38例(90.5%),小塑料制品异物4例。仅8例可通过X线检查确诊异物。X线表现：肺炎、肺不张、支气管阻塞征等。经纤维支气管镜成功取出11例异物,无一例出现严重并发症。22例经硬镜取出,9例行开胸术,全部病例治愈。 结论纤维支气管镜术是明确诊断及治疗气管支气管异物的重要手段。     

纤维支气管镜在儿童支气管异物诊治中的应用

目的总结纤维支气管镜在儿童气管支气管异物中的诊治作用,提高对小儿气管支气管异物的诊疗水平。方法回顾性分析经纤维支气管镜确诊的气管支气管异物患儿31例的临床资料,以及分析纤维支气管镜下发现。发现异物时查明其所在位置、与周围组织的关系,根据异物种类、部位及周围情况选择不同方法。结果经纤维支气管镜诊断气管支气管异物31例。年龄11个月~10岁,其中11个月~3岁27例;病程1 h~3个月。25例为右侧支气管异物,6例为左侧支气管异物。食物性异物29例,其他异物2例。X线检查仅5例确诊异物。经纤维支气管镜成功取出异物21例,无1例出现严重并发症。10例经硬镜取出。病例治愈。结论纤维支气管镜术是明确诊断及治疗气管支气管异物的重要方法之一。     

数字X线成像与多排螺旋CT对小儿呼吸道透X线异物检出效果的比较

目的 探讨小儿呼吸道透X线异物的临床特点,比较数字X线成像(DR)与16排螺旋CT对其的检出效果.方法 收集本院2007年1月-2011年1月收治的50例经纤维支气管镜检查证实为呼吸道异物患儿的临床资料.男28例,女22例;年龄10个月～11岁.有明确异物吸入史31例,可疑异物吸入史并伴相应症状3例.患儿均经DR行胸部正侧位检查,以及16排螺旋CT检查和CT呼吸道三维重建.结果 31例患儿首诊有异物吸入史,均有不同程度刺激性呛咳、发热、喘鸣等.体格检查发现呼吸音减弱32例,发绀21例,三凹征19例.50例患儿胸部DR均不能直接发现透X线异物;16排螺旋CT三维重建模拟支气管镜可直接发现呼吸道透X线异物.异物附着在管壁上或嵌顿于管腔内.胸壁双边影15例;节段性肺不张12例;纵隔双边影或纵隔移位8例;支气管扩张18例;肺部感染8例;肺野静止征16例.CT的诊断阳性符合率为96％,DR为62％.结论 16排螺旋CT对小儿呼吸道透X线异物的诊断及手术定位具有重要价值,与DR相比具有明显的优势.     

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目的探讨螺旋CT虚拟内诊镜(CTVE)在小儿气管、支气管异物诊断上的应用价值。方法回顾性分析东南大学医学院附属徐州医院1998年1月至2004年12月收治的121例术前经CTVE诊断为气管支气管异物,并行支气管镜探查术患儿的诊疗情况,并分析CTVE诊断在临床应用上的意义及诊断的阳性符合率。结果121例经CTVE诊断并行支气管镜探查证实并取除异物者115例,诊断符合率95.04%。结论CTVE检查是目前无创非侵入性诊断小儿气管支气管异物的较理想方法。     

小儿气管 支气管异物130例分析

目的：探讨小儿气管、支气管异物的诊断及治疗。方法：利用回顾性分析方法,对确诊气管、支气管异物的130例住院患儿的临床表现、辅助检查和转归进行总结。结果：130例确诊气管、支气管异物的住院患儿,110例经气管镜或纤维支气管镜取出异物,8例自然咳出,3例行气管切开,3例行开胸术,2例合并支气管扩张的患儿经随访1年半后病变基本恢复,6例未取出异物自行出院。结论：气管、支气管异物在小儿很常见,对其早期诊断、及时治疗可避免发生不可逆的肺损伤。异物合并支气管扩张有完全恢复的可能。     

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??Objective To evaluate the clinical characteristics of children with trachea or bronchus foreign body. Methods The data of 84 children with confirmed diagnosis of trachea or bronchus foreign body was retrospectively analyzed in this study form Jun 2011 to Jun 2016 in Tianjin Children Hospital??including general situation??history of foreign body aspiration??medical history??course of disease??foreign body property??clinical and imaging characteristics. Results The rate for tracheobronchial foreign body occurring in boys and girls were 2.23??1 with the main incidence age of 6 months to 3 years old. The incidence rate in countryside was higher than that in city??69.05% vs. 30.95%????especially boys in countryside. Children who are able to provide an accurate history of foreign body aspiration may be helpful in early diagnosis and treatment of trachea or bronchus foreign body??P??0.05??. The main type of foreign body was food??especially nuts. The proportion of bronchial foreign body which remained in the left or right main bronchial tubes was not different??but the number of cases in right lobe was higher than that in the left. The clinical symptom was different according to the different lesions with block of foreign bodies. The main symptom was cough??98.81%?? and breezing??58.33%????with the imaging characteristics of emphysema ??55.95%??. Conclusion In prevention and control of tracheobronchial foreign bodies??boys under the age of 3 should be paid most attention to in rural areas. The children should be reduced contact with nuts food. The guardian must attach more importance to tracheobronchial foreign body. For children with symptom of cough and wheezing weakening breathing sounds on single side by physical examination??emphysema and pulmonary atelectasis on imaging??health providers should pay attention to the history of foreign body aspiration or cough history??and should actively perform bronchoscopy for early diagnosis and treatment.     

儿童气管支气管异物临床特征分析（附228例报告）

目的　探讨儿童气管支气管异物的临床特点、 诊治并分析气管内膜肉芽形成相关危险因素。 方法　回顾性分析2011年1月至2017年12月厦门大学附属第一医院儿科呼吸病房收治的228例确诊为气管支气管异物患儿的临床资料,并采用Logistic二元回归方法对气管支气管异物继发气道内膜肉芽形成的相关危险因素进行分析。结果　儿童气管支气管异物的高发年龄为1～3岁（76.3%）,男女比例为2.3∶1。其中植物性异物居多（82.9%）,异物好发部位左肺（52.6%）高于右肺（39.5%）。气管内膜肉芽形成（74.4%）、 肺炎（76.3%）、 肺气肿（51.3%）是气管支气管异物最常见的并发症。异物种类及异物残留时间是导致气管内膜肉芽形成的独立危险因素（P＜0.01）,病程越长,肉芽形成的风险越大（P＜0.01）。经受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线下面积计算得出,异物残留时间可作为判断是否合并气管内膜肉芽形成的可靠预测指标,诊断界值为≥7.5 d。228例（100%）均在局部麻醉下行纤维支气管镜异物术成功取出异物,226例为1次性取出（99.1%）,术中术后未出现明显并发症。结论　婴幼儿是气管支气管异物的高发人群,以植物性异物多见。植物类异物残留易造成气管内膜肉芽形成,病程越长,肉芽形成风险越高。应避免婴幼儿喂食坚果类食物,同时早期识别、 正确诊断并选用适宜的手术方式是预防异物吸入和治疗的关键。     

儿童气管支气管异物的临床特征分析

目的 了解儿童气管支气管异物的临床特征,为实施切实可行的预防措施提供依据。方法 回顾性分析2012年2月至2013年2月114例经纤维支气管镜确诊的气管支气管异物患儿的临床资料。结果 儿童气管支气管异物主要发生在1~3岁（71.9%）,男童多于女童,性别比为2：1。冬季发生比例高于夏季。农村儿童气管支气管异物的发生比例较城市高。不同部位气管、支气管异物的CT阳性率存在明显差异,气管异物病例的胸部CT阳性率明显低于左、右主支气管异物（PP结论 儿童气管支气管异物的预防相关健康教育应以农村地区为重点;气管支气管异物多发于1~3岁幼儿;对于气管支气管异物疑诊病例,需尽早行支气管镜检查确诊。     

Value of chest CT in the diagnosis and management of tracheobronchial foreign bodies

Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the value of chest multidetector computed tomography (CT) in the evaluation of children with suspected foreign body aspiration. Methods: Chest CT was performed in 45 consecutive children with suspected foreign body aspiration, and plain chest X‐ray was conducted at the same time. Multiplanar reformatted imaging was carried out after multidetector CT. Rigid bronchoscopy and removal of the foreign body was performed under general anesthesia. Results: All 42 patients (100%) with tracheobronchial foreign bodies were identified on chest CT. Three patients avoided unnecessary operations due to negative CT scans. For the patients with tracheobronchial foreign bodies, the occurrence of unilateral hyperlucent lung and post‐obstructive lobar or segmental infiltrates on plain chest X‐ray was 42.9% (18/42) and 4.8% (2/42), respectively. Twenty‐two of the 42 patients (52.4%) had no abnormalities on plain X‐ray. The difference between multidetector CT and plain X‐ray results was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Surgical plans were designed and appropriate foreign body forceps were selected based on the CT scans. All foreign bodies were removed successfully, and no severe complications were observed. The location, shape, and volume of the foreign bodies found at surgery were consistent with the CT images. Conclusions: The diagnosis of foreign body aspiration of the airway in children can be accomplished by using chest multidetector CT. It is often useful in delineating the exact shape, location, volume and form of a bronchial foreign body and can help the surgeon plan for operative bronchoscopy and safe removal of the foreign body.     

Three-dimensional computed tomography for detection of tracheobronchial foreign body aspiration in children

Foreign body aspiration (FBA) into the tracheobronchial tree is a frequent and serious cause of respiratory problems in children. Chest X-ray (CXR) is often inaccurate in diagnosing FBA when the object is radiolucent. Three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) is a noninvasive technique that can detect the narrowing of the airway resulting from the presence of a foreign body. We conducted a retrospective study comparing the performance of CT scan and CXR in the diagnosis of FBA. Eleven patients (mean age 2.1 years) with a history suggestive of foreign body aspiration were examined by three-dimensional chest CT and CXR during the study. The presence of foreign bodies was confirmed and they were removed by rigid or flexible bronchoscopy under general anesthesia. Foreign body aspiration (FBA) was detected in all the 11 patients by CT scan (sensitivity, 100%), but CXR of three of the patients showed no evidence of FBA (sensitivity, 72.7%). The foreign bodies were located in the right main bronchus (n = 4), the left main bronchus (n = 5), and the trachea (n = 2). The mean length of hospital stay was 3.8 days. In our study, three-dimensional chest CT scan was more sensitive than CXR in detecting the presence of aspirated foreign bodies in children. The superior sensitivity and short time required for CT should help to reduce delays in diagnosis. These benefits may prompt further studies to determine whether CT could be used to reduce the number of unnecessary bronchoscopies performed in children being evaluated for FBA.