细胞因子在炎症性肠病肠壁纤维化机制中的作用

炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)是病因复杂、反复发作的慢性非特异性肠道炎性疾病,包括克罗恩病(Crohn' 5 disease,CD)和溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC).IBD长期病程可导致多种并发症,肠纤维化是常见而严重的并发症之一.CD患者常因肠狭窄而接受手术治疗,且肠切除术后还可能再次发生肠狭窄[1].     

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资料显示,34%~45%溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)患者和43%~56%克罗恩病(Crohn s disease,CD)患者需要使用糖皮质激素治疗。尽管糖皮质激素对于80%的CD及UC患者有效,但糖皮质激素对于炎症性肠病(in-flammatory bowel disease,IBD)患者长期疗效并不令人满意。初始激素治疗     

炎症性肠病的皮肤表现诊治策略

炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)是一种慢性非特异性消化道炎症性疾病,主要包括克罗恩病(Crohn’s disease,CD)和溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC),多达10%的IBD不能分类为UC或CD,此类型称为类型IBD未定~([1])。据报道,西方国家CD的发病率为10.7/10万,UC为12.2/10万。西方国家IBD患病率逐年上升,2015年美国IBD     

235例炎症性肠病患者首次接受糖皮质激素治疗的临床疗效分析

目的探讨炎症性肠病(IBD)患者首次接受糖皮质激素(激素)治疗的疗效及疾病转归。方法收集2002年1月-2010年12月我院收治的首次使用激素治疗的IBD患者890例,对激素治疗30 d及随访1年的临床疗效进行回顾性分析。结果 890例IBD患者中,溃疡性结肠炎(UC)患者401例,克罗恩病(CD)患者489例,其中共有81例(81/401,20.2%)UC及154例(154/489,31.5%)CD患者使用口服或静脉滴注激素,激素治疗30 d时,UC患者完全缓解57例(57/81,70.4%),部分缓解22例(22/81,27.2%),无效2例(2/81,2.5%);CD患者完全缓解94例(94/154,61.0%),部分缓解45例(45/154,29.2%),无效15例(15/154,9.7%)。随访1年末,UC患者持续应答53例(53/79,67.1%),激素依赖26例(26/79,32.9%);CD患者持续应答102例(102/151,67.5%),激素依赖26例(26/15,17.2%),手术23例(23/15,15.2%)。激素短期及远期疗效的风险因素回归分析显示合用硫唑嘌呤/6-巯基嘌呤(AZA/6-MP)与CD患者激素治疗的远期疗效相关(P=0.03)。结论大部分IBD患者对激素治疗有效,UC患者激素治疗总有效率优于CD,随访1年32.9%UC及17.2%CD患者呈激素依赖,15.2%CD患者需手术切除病变肠段。     

炎症性肠病并发低骨量/骨质疏松的危险因素分析

目的 对炎症性肠病(IBD)患者的骨密度状况进行评估,探讨其下降的危险因素.方法 通过对IBD患者血液学指标、身高、体重及腰椎骨密度进行测量,并与健康志愿者比较,分析IBD患者骨质疏松的危险因素.结果 共收集克罗恩病(CD)77例,溃疡性结肠炎(UC)43例,37例健康志愿者作为对照组.CD组、UC组及对照组的腰椎骨质的T值分别为-1.72±1.20、-1.26±1.12和-0.62±0.87,CD组的T值低于UC组(P=0.045)和对照组(P=0.000),UC组T值低于对照组(P=0.014).CD组、UC组及对照组的腰椎骨质疏松的发生率分别为23.3%、14.0%和0;CD组的腰椎骨质疏松发生率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.003);UC组的腰椎骨质疏松发生率有高于对照组的趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P=0.053).多元回归分析显示,低体重(BMI≤18.4kg/m~2)是CD(OR=11.25,95%CI 3.198～39.580,P=0.000)和UC(OR=14.50,95%CI 1.058～88.200,P=0.045)患者骨质疏松的危险因素.年龄、病程、病变部位、CD活动指数(CDAI)、服用糖皮质激素、服用免疫抑制剂、血清25-羟基维生素D浓度等因素与骨质疏松的发生无相关性.结论 骨密度下降的发生在IBD患者中较为普遍,低体重是IBD患者骨质丢失的危险因素.     

炎症性肠病的肠内营养治疗

正炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)是一种免疫介导的慢性复发性肠道炎症疾病,包括溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)和克罗恩病(Crohn’s disease,CD)。营养不良是IBD常见的肠外表现之一,是炎症性肠病预后不良的一个重要因素。营养不良与IBD的预后、并发症发生率、死亡率、生活质量及医疗负担等密切相关,营养支持治疗对IBD的疗效已被认可,IBD患者应该记录营养不良并     

炎症性肠病患者的肠外表现(附201例临床分析)

目的了解炎症性肠病(IBD)患者肠外表现的发生情况。方法对1978-01~2003-12期间北京大学第一医院收治的201例IBD患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果25年间共收治IBD患者201例,其中溃疡性结肠炎(UC)患者182例,克罗恩病(CD)患者19例。IBD伴肠外表现发生率为20·9%(42/201),UC患者为21·43%(39/182),CD患者为15·79%(3/19)。女性显著多于男性(P<0·05)。UC患者年龄小于20岁者肠外表现发生率高(P<0·01),年龄大于50岁者肠外表现发生率低(P<0·01)。发生于UC活动期者占89·74%(35/39),而发生在缓解期者仅占10·26%(4/39);CD患者肠外表现均发生在活动期。肠外表现中关节、肌肉损害最为多见,其次为皮肤损害。侵犯泌尿系统、甲状腺及肝胆系统者罕见。伴有结节性红斑、坏疽性脓皮病及外周关节炎的患者多易合并其他种肠外表现。结论IBD患者伴有肠外表现者并非少见,女性年轻患者肠外表现发生率高,关节、肌肉及皮肤损害是IBD患者最多见的肠外表现,肠外表现的发生随IBD疾病活动性、疾病严重程度、病变范围的增加有增多的趋势。     

未定型结肠炎

未定型结肠炎（indeterminate colitis，IC）最初指炎症性肠病（inflammatory bowel disease，IBD）手术切除标本中难以辨别溃疡性结肠炎（ulcerative colitis，UC）还是克罗恩病（Crohn’s disease，CD）的病例。随着内镜技术的发展，IC的概念逐渐延伸至内镜、病理和外科手术中。与此同时，许多IC患者在病程发展过程中演进为UC或CD。目前血清学辅助检查区分IBD类型的敏感性和特异性较差。因此，IC诊断的确立需从临床表现、影像学特征、内镜下表现及组织学特点等方面综合考虑。     

糖皮质激素治疗炎症性肠病的随访研究

目的 回顾性分析糖皮质激素治疗炎症性肠病(IBD)1个月的疗效及1年后的转归.方法 1998年1月至2006年9年确诊为克罗恩病(CD)患者55例,溃疡性结肠炎(UC)患者154例,评估口服糖皮质激素治疗1个月和1年后的疗效.Logistic回归分析决定预后的影响因子.结果 共有21例(38.2%)CD患者和20例(13.0 %)UC患者口服糖皮质激素(2例UC患者失访).经1个月治疗后,21例CD患者中完全缓解15例(71.4%),部分缓解3例(14.3%),无效3例(14.3%);18例UC患者中,完全缓解15例(83.3%),部分缓解3例(16.7%).随访1年时,21例CD患者中,维持完全或部分缓解11例(52.4%),激素依赖6例(28.6%),被迫接受外科手术者4例(19.0%),18例UC患者中,维持完全或部分缓解11例(61.1%),激素依赖3例(16.7%),手术4例(22.2%).Logistic回归分析显示,发病时血清白蛋白水平与1年后的疗效有关(OR=1.320,95%CI:1. 032～1.690,P=0.027).结论 IBD患者对首次激素治疗有效,近期疗效良好.但无法长期维持缓解状态,亦无法降低手术风险.其预后与血清白蛋白水平相关.     

血清标志物对炎症性肠病诊断和预后评判应用进展

<正>炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)是一组病因尚不十分明确的累及消化道的慢性非特异性疾病,包括溃疡性结肠炎(Ulcerative colitis,UC)和克罗恩病(Crohn’s disease,CD)。诊断须综合临床表现、实验室和放射学检查、内镜及病理学检查,并在排除其他原因引起的肠道炎症基础上诊断UC和CD。但仍有近5%~15%的IBD患者病变仅累及结肠,     

Un estudio descriptivo de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal en un centro de atención terciario egipcio

Introduction and aimsInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic intestinal disorders that trigger prolonged inflammation of the digestive tract. Its incidence and prevalence appear to be increasing in the African population and in Egypt. The present study aims to highlight the pattern and management of IBD in Egyptian patients.Materials and methodsTwo hundred patients with IBD were assessed for ulcerative colitis (UC), through the Mayo score, and for Crohn's disease (CD), with the Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI).ResultsMedian patient age was 35 years, with a predominance of females. UC was more common than CD (88% and 12%, respectively) and severity was moderate, in the majority of cases. Most UC patients had left-sided lesions, whereas ileitis was the most common finding (37.5%) in the CD patients. Proctitis was the least common finding in both diseases and Crohn's fistulizing disease was detected in 4.1% of the patients. Interestingly, peripheral arthropathy was the most common extraintestinal manifestation in the IBD patients (70%) and axial arthropathy was the least common (6%). Severe ocular or mucocutaneous involvement was very rare. Finally, biologic treatment was prescribed to 15.4% of the UC patients and 20.8% of the CD patients.ConclusionsAlthough the clinical presentation of IBD in Egypt is comparable to that reported worldwide, diagnoses were found to be delayed. There were fewer cases of CD than UC, but more mild-to-moderate disease severity. The surveillance of patients with IBD must continue and awareness of the disease in the Egyptian medical community needs to increase. A national registry must be established, multicenter studies need to be conducted, and molecular diagnostics is recommended.     

消化内镜日间手术适宜术式探索：1年850例次患者的经验分享

目的探讨消化内镜日间病房模式和日间手术适宜术式。 方法前瞻性收集2016年10月至2017年10月经解放军总医院第一医学中心消化科日间病房收治850例次患者的临床资料,分析其手术成功率、并发症发生率、转科率、住院总费用及药费比等指标。 结果850例次收治中,开展日间手术812例,手术成功率99.88%(811/812)。出血、穿孔等并发症5例,其发生率0.62%(5/812),均内镜下成功处理,无1例转送外科手术。由于潜在出血风险,5例术后转入普通消化病房,转科率为0.59%(5/850)。消化内镜日间手术前5位的有：结直肠息肉切除术(525例)、胃息肉切除术(112例)、消化道狭窄内镜下治疗术(球囊/探条扩张/瘢痕松解术,86例)、胃食管早癌射频消融术(14例)、EUS/FNA和食管平滑肌瘤及乳头状瘤切除术(各12例)。 结论消化内镜日间开展胃肠息肉切除术、消化道狭窄内镜下治疗术、胃食管早癌射频消融术及EUS/FNA等手术,是安全、可行的。该消化内镜日间病房模式及开展术式,可为其他中心日间病房的开展与运行提供参考。     

Incidencia e historia natural de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal en Castilla y León: estudio prospectivo,multicéntrico y poblacional

IntroductionThe incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing worldwide.ObjectivesTo evaluate the incidence of IBD in Castilla y León describing clinical characteristics of the patients at diagnosis, the type of treatment received and their clinical course during the first year.Materials and methodsProspective, multicenter and population-based incidence cohort study. Patients aged >18 years diagnosed during 2017 with IBD (Crohn's disease [CD], ulcerative colitis [UC] and indeterminate colitis [IC]) were included from 8 hospitals in Castilla y León. Epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic variables were registered. The global incidence and disease incidence were calculated.Results290 patients were diagnosed with IBD (54.5% UC, 45.2% CD, and 0.3% IC), with a median follow-up of 9 months (range 8?11). The incidence rate of IBD in Castilla y Leon in 2017 was 16.6 cases per 10,000 inhabitants-year (9/10⁵ UC cases and 7.5/10⁵ CD cases), with a UC/CD ratio of 1.2:1. Use of systemic corticosteroids (47% vs 30%; P = .002), immunomodulatory therapy (81% vs 19%; P = .000), biological therapy (29% vs 8%; P = .000), and surgery (11% vs 2%; p = .000) were significatively higher among patients with CD comparing with those with UC.ConclusionsThe incidence of patients with UC in our population increases while the incidence of patients with CD remains stable. Patients with CD present a worse natural history of the disease (use of corticosteroids, immunomodulatory therapy, biological therapy and surgery) compared to patients with UC in the first year of follow-up.     

Original research: Incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in Devon,UK

Background and aimsWe sought to define temporal changes in prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in East Devon, UK, in order to facilitate service planning over the next 5 years.MethodsMultiple primary and secondary care databases were used to identify and verify cases. Point prevalence and incidence of IBD were reported in April 2017 and from 2008 to 2016, respectively. Future prevalence and healthcare activity requirements were estimated by linear regression.ResultsPrevalence of ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn’s disease (CD) and inflammatory bowel disease unclassified (IBDU) were 479.72, 265.94 and 35.34 per 100 000 persons, respectively. In 2016, the incidence rates of UC, CD and IBDU were 15.4, 10.7 and 1.4 per 100 000 persons per year, respectively. There were no significant changes in the incidence of CD (p=0.49, R=0.26) or UC (p=0.80, R=0.10). IBD prevalence has increased by 39.9% (95% CI 28.2 to 53.7) in the last 10 years without differences in the rate of change between UC and CD. Overall, 27% of patients were managed in primary care, a quarter of whom were eligible but not receiving endoscopic surveillance. Outpatient clinics, MRI and biologic use, but not helpline calls, admissions, or surgeries increased over and above the change in IBD prevalence.ConclusionsWe report one of the highest prevalence and incidence rates of IBD from Northern Europe. Overall, IBD incidence is static, but prevalence is increasing. We estimate that 1% of our population will live with IBD between 2025 and 2030.     

Inflammatory bowel disease in Tuzla Canton,Bosnia-Herzegovina: A prospective 10-year follow-up

BACKGROUNDThe incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) vary between regions but have risen globally in recent decades. A lack of data from developing nations limits the understanding of IBD epidemiology.AIMTo perform a follow-up review of IBD epidemiology in the Tuzla Canton of Bosnia-Herzegovina during a 10-year period (2009-2019).METHODSWe prospectively evaluated the hospital records of both IBD inpatients and outpatients residing in Tuzla Canton for the specified period of time between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2019. Since all our patients had undergone proximal and distal endoscopic evaluations at the hospital endoscopy unit, we used the hospital’s database as a primary data source, alongside an additional cross-relational search of the database. Both adult and pediatric patients were included in the study. Patients were grouped by IBD type, phenotype, age, and gender. Incidence rates were calculated with age standardization using the European standard population. Trends in incidence and prevalence were evaluated as a 3-year moving average and average annual percentage change rates.RESULTSDuring the 10-year follow-up period, 651 patients diagnosed with IBD were monitored (of whom 334, or 51.3%, were males, and 317, or 48.7%, were females). Of all the patients, 346 (53.1%) had been diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (UC), 292 (44.9%) with Crohn’s disease (CD), and 13 (2%) with indeterminate colitis (IC). We observed 440 newly diagnosed patients with IBD: 240 (54.5%) with UC, 190 (43.2%) with CD, and 10 (2.3%) with IC. The mean annual crude incidence rates were found to be 9.01/100000 population for IBD [95% confidence interval (CI): 8.17-9.85], with 4.91/100000 (95%CI: 4.29-5.54) for UC and 3.89/100000 (95%CI: 3.34-4.44) for CD. Calculated IBD prevalence in 2019 was 146.64/100000 (95%CI: 128.09-165.19), with 77.94/100000 (95%CI: 68.08-87.70) for UC and 65.77/100000 (95%CI: 54.45-74.1) for CD. The average annual IBD percentage change was 0.79% (95%CI: 0.60-0.88), with -2.82% (95%CI: -2.67 to -2.97) for UC and 6.92% (95%CI: 6.64-7.20) for CD. During the study period, 24,509 distal endoscopic procedures were performed. The incidence of IBD was 3.16/100 examinations (95%CI: 2.86-3.45) or 1.72/100 examinations (95%CI: 1.5-1.94) for UC and 1.36/100 examinations (95%CI: 1.17-1.56) for CD.CONCLUSIONTrends in the incidence and prevalence of IBD in Tuzla Canton are similar to Eastern European averages, although there are significant epidemiological differences within geographically close and demographically similar areas.     

老年人消化道瘘38例临床分析

目的 探讨老年人术后消化道瘘发生的病因,寻找诊断及治疗方法。方法 以老年人术后消化道瘘３８例,对其发生率、发生时间、临床表现及原因进行分析。结果 发生率占同期老年人消化系手术的０．６５％,术后娄的时间平均５．２ｄ。５７．８％是由医源性损伤所造成的,再次手术１４例,占３６．８％,全组死亡１４例,死亡率３６．８％。良性疾病及恶性肿瘤术后消化道瘘的死亡率分别为１９．０％和５９．８％,老年人术后消化道瘘发     

Asian perspectives in the management of inflammatory bowel disease: Findings from a recent survey

Background and Aim:  The prevalence and incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) differs worldwide. While the prevalence of IBD has stabilized in Europe, the USA and Japan, an increasing trend has been observed in Asia. However, there are no data on the current clinical practice for the management of IBD in the region. The present study aims to investigate the number of existing and new cases of IBD and to understand the current practice of diagnosis and treatment of IBD in different Asian countries.
Methods:  A self-administered questionnaire, designed according to European and US guidelines, was distributed to IBD specialists throughout Asia. The questionnaire estimated the annual incidence of existing and new IBD cases in physicians' clinical practices and evaluated their procedures of diagnosis and preference for therapeutic treatment and maintenance treatment.
Results:  Eighty-seven questionnaires were received out of the 107 distributed. In the clinical practices of these 87 respondents, there were 502 existing and 73 new cases per year for ulcerative colitis (UC) and 202 existing and 32 new cases per year for Crohn's disease (CD). Colonoscopy and histology were the most commonly used methods for the diagnosis of UC and CD, but clinical practice regarding the diagnosis of IBD varied. The treatment of choice for mild-to-moderate UC and CD was 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), which is also the preferred choice for the maintenance treatment of UC and CD.
Conclusion:  Clinical practice with regards to IBD diagnosis and management varies within Asia.5-ASA is the preferred treatment and maintenance therapy for mild-to-moderate IBD.     

Epidemiology of fibrostenosing inflammatory bowel disease

Fibrostenosis occurs in both Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Up to 21% of patients with CD present with strictures at diagnosis, while the rate of stenosis varies from 1% to 11% in UC. Despite the increasing use of immunomodulators and biologics in treatment, there has been no decrease in the rate of progression from inflammatory to complicated disease phenotypes (either stricturing or penetrating). The presence of stenosis is an independent risk factor for surgery in patients with CD, who are at a risk of postoperative recurrence at a rate of up to 55% at 10 years after surgery. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) strictures are at risk of malignant transformation. Thus, surveillance colonoscopy should be offered to this group of patients. Several risk factors for the development of stricture have been identified. In CD, patients aged less than 40‐years old, with perianal disease at diagnosis, who need steroids at the first flare up or have ileal disease are at the risk of developing strictures; while in UC, patients with extensive colitis and long‐standing disease are at risk. Recently, microbiota signatures have also been identified as markers for stricture development. The presence of Ruminococcus spp. is associated with the development of stricture in pediatric patients with CD. In this review, we highlight the epidemiology, risk factors and natural history of fibrostenosing IBD.     

Incidence of inflammatory bowel disease in Finnish children, 1987-2003

BACKGROUND: The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been increasing in Western countries. In younger people, Crohn's disease (CD) predominates over ulcerative colitis (UC), but the finding is not universal. The present study aimed to characterize not only the incidence but also the clinical picture of IBD from 1987 to 2003 in a large pediatric population in Finland. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were collected from the patient discharge and medical records at the 2 largest university hospitals in Finland. The study population covered a total of 619,340 children, representing 56% of the children <18 years old in the country. All of the cases diagnosed with IBD from 1987 to 2003 were reviewed. Clinical, endoscopic, and histological data were collected. Incidence rates were estimated based on statistical assumptions. RESULTS: A total of 604 cases with IBD were diagnosed during the 17-year period. All of the patients had undergone endoscopy. The diagnosis was CD in 203 (34%) cases, UC in 317 (52%) cases, and indeterminate colitis (IC) in 83 (14%) cases. The mean annual incidence rate increased from 3.9/100,000 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.5-5.8) in 1987 to 7.0/100,000 (CI 5.0-9.4) in 2003 (P < 0.001). The majority of cases were 12 to <15 years old (n = 200, 33%). Of the patients, 5.1% were <3 years old and 14% were <6 years old. IC was most common in young children; 29% of all IBD patients <3 years of age had IC. Of the patients, 97% had been followed up until the age 18 in the hospitals after initial diagnosis (median follow-up 3.1 years). Of the patients, 45.2% were initially treated with steroids, whereas 17.8% received immunosuppressive agents at the end of the follow-up. Operations had been performed in 21% of the cases before age 18. The median time interval from the diagnosis to the first operation was 1.8 (range 7.8) years. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of pediatric IBD almost doubled in Finland from 1987 to 2003. Surgical intervention was common early in the disease course.     

Preoperative use of anti-TNF therapy and postoperative complications in inflammatory bowel diseases: A meta-analysis

Background and aimsAbout one-third of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients still require surgery. A growing number of them receive anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy before surgery. The present meta-analysis studied the risk of postoperative complications in IBD patients treated with anti-TNF.MethodsMEDLINE was searched (up to January 2012) to identify observational studies reporting the prevalence of postoperative complications in IBD patients. The prevalence of overall, infectious, and non-infectious postoperative complications was extracted for all studies, and according to preoperative anti-TNF treatment where reported. Pooled prevalence, as well as odds ratios (ORs), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was calculated.ResultsThe search identified 86 citations. Twenty-one studies, containing 4251 subjects, reported the prevalence of postoperative complications according to preoperative anti-TNF treatment. Pooled prevalence of any postoperative complication was 21%, 35%, and 26% in Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) or inflammatory bowel disease unspecified (IBD-U) and IBD, respectively. The prevalence of any postoperative complication was increased in IBD patients who underwent preoperative anti-TNF therapy (OR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.02–1.53). Pooled prevalence of infectious postoperative complications was 16%, 17%, and 15% in CD, UC/IBD-U and IBD, respectively. The prevalence of infectious postoperative complications was increased in CD patients who underwent preoperative anti-TNF therapy (OR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.03–2.05). The confounding effect of concomitant therapies could not be studied.ConclusionsPreoperative anti-TNF use slightly increases the occurrence of overall postoperative complications in IBD patients, and particularly infectious complications in CD patients. Postoperative complications are not increased in UC.