重视非编码RNA调控肝纤维化的机制研究

非编码RNA是在人类基因组转录产物中不编码蛋白质的RNA分子,包括微小RNA和长链非编码RNA等。近年来,诸多非编码RNA在肝纤维化发生发展中的作用逐渐被揭示。重视非编码RNA调控肝纤维化的机制研究,尤其是筛选在肝纤维化进程中发挥重要作用的非编码RNA,探讨其对肝星状细胞增殖与活化相关通路的调控作用,并研究不同非编码RNA之间的＂crosstalk＂网络联系,将为肝纤维化发病机制研究提供新的思路。     

微小RNA在2型糖尿病相关机制中的研究进展

2型糖尿病及其慢性并发症严重威胁人类健康,但其确切发病机制并不十分清楚.微小RNA是一种非编码单链RNA,参与2型糖尿病等多种疾病的发生.微小RNA在胰岛素抵抗、胰岛功能缺陷这两个2型糖尿病主要病理生理过程及其并发症发生中的重要作用引发越来越多的关注.     

非编码RNA在心肌纤维化中作用研究的进展

非编码RNA(ncRNA)是在人类基因组转录产物中非编码蛋白质的RNA分子,在不同的生理过程中扮演重要角色。ncRNA在心血管疾病的发生发展中起到重要作用,包括心肌纤维化。本文对非编码RNA中两个主要成员,小RNA(miRNA)和长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)在心肌纤维化中的研究进展进行综述。     

基于RNA-Seq的羊种布鲁氏菌新转录本与非编码RNA鉴定

目的 对羊种布鲁氏菌的转录本进行测序,鉴定基因组中新的转录本和非编码RNA。方法 提取羊布鲁氏菌的总RNA,去除rRNA后连接接头逆转录成cDNA,PCR扩增后进行测序,以羊布鲁氏菌16M的基因组序列为参照对测序得到的reads进行比对作图,通过生物信息学方法进行新转录本和非编码RNA的鉴定。结果 测序数据分析显示,reads在基因组上覆盖度较好。与现有注释基因相比,有773个基因的5'或3'端在基因组的原有位置基础上发生了延伸,并发现了16个新的转录本。根据测序结果,共鉴定出241条候选的非编码RNA(sRNA),进一步的RT-PCR验证结果显示,预测的sRNA在体外条件下有表达。结论 布鲁氏菌基因组中存在除了预测以外的新的转录本,布鲁氏菌中存在非编码RNA且在不同条件下有差异表达。     

微小RNA与肝脏疾病

微小RNA(microRNA)是一类内源性非编码单链小分子RNA,长度为18～24个核苷酸.在人类基因组中已发现超过500个微小RNA编码基因,预测可调控约5300个基因.     

微小RNA-200家族对糖尿病及其并发症的影响

糖尿病并发症可引起人体心、脑和肾等重要组织和器官损害,严重危害人类健康,但其发病机制并不十分清楚。近年研究发现微小RNA（microRNA,miRNA）在糖尿病及其并发症的发生发展中起重要作用。miRNA是真核生物中一类长度约22～25个核苷酸的内源性非编码小分子RNA,通过转录后机制调控其下游靶基因的表达,进而影响疾病的病理生理学过程。其中miRNA-200（miR-200）家族对糖尿病及其并发症的调控研究较多。miR-200家族不仅对胰岛素相关信号通路具有调控作用,在糖尿病微血管及大血管并发症中也发挥重要调控作用。因此,探讨miR-200家族与糖尿病及其并发症之间的关系,可为糖尿病及其并发症的诊断及治疗提供新的思路。     

非编码RNA在主动脉夹层中的研究进展

主动脉夹层是指主动脉内膜由自身或外界因素导致内膜撕裂,腔内血液经内膜破口进入动脉壁中层形成的夹层血肿。主动脉夹层是一种危险的急性病,如果主动脉夹层完全撕裂,将会迅速失血导致循环衰竭而立刻死亡。尽管如此,目前对主动脉夹层的机制研究还知之甚少。非编码RNA是一种独立存在的RNA转录本,占人类基因组RNA的90%以上,通常不编码蛋白质,而是作为维持正常生理功能的重要调控因子。迄今为止,已有多项研究证明非编码RNA参与心血管疾病的调控。因此,对于主动脉夹层中非编码RNA的研究引起了人们的广泛关注。本文综述了非编码RNA在主动脉夹层中的作用机制,并强调了非编码RNA作为主动脉夹层的生物标志物以及靶向主动脉夹层潜在的预防与治疗手段,为将来开发以非编码RNA为载体的靶向药物提供广泛的思路。     

长链非编码RNA在原发性高血压及其并发症中的作用机制研究进展

正原发性高血压(essential hypertension,EH)是多基因遗传病,是遗传因素和环境因素共同作用、相互叠加的结果,其发病机制至今尚未完全明确。据计,超过98%的人类基因组被转录为非编码RNA~([1]),非编码RNA在多种疾病发生发展中起着调控作用,在高血压等遗传相关性疾病中的作用尤为突出~([2])。已知大多数与高血压关联的遗传基因致病位点位于非编码区。研究表明,长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,     

微小RNA与糖尿病及其并发症关系的研究进展

微小RNA(miRNA)是一种新型的非编码RNA,能在转录后水平调控基因的表达,且参与人体多种生理和病理过程的调控。近年来,研究表明,miRNA异常表达在糖尿病及其并发症的发生发展中起重要作用。本文就miRNA与糖尿病及其并发症的关系作简要综述。     

miRNA在糖尿病足溃疡中愈合机制的研究进展

糖尿病足溃疡(DFU)是糖尿病严重的慢性并发症之一, DFU慢性创面的愈合是人们持续关注并广泛研究的问题。微小RNA(microRNA, miRNA)是一种高度保守的内源性非编码小RNA分子, 参与包括糖尿病伤口愈合在内的许多生物学过程。miRNA在人体中主要通过抑制mRNA翻译来调节编码蛋白。该文就miRNA在DFU中的愈合机制研究进展进行综述。     

miRNA与糖尿病及其并发症

miRNA作为一类短序列非编码单链RNA,能够在转录后水平调控基因的表达.其广泛存在于真核细胞内,在细胞的生命进程中发挥重要作用.miRNA与胰岛素分泌以及血糖调控过程密切相关,同时也与糖尿病的发生、发展紧密联系.miRNA的水平还影响糖尿病并发症的进程,并对糖尿病及其并发症具有潜在的靶向治疗价值.因此,对于miRNA...     

Emerging roles of non-coding RNAs in pancreatic β-cell function and dysfunction

Pancreatic β-cells play a central role in glucose homeostasis by tightly regulating insulin release according to the organism's demand. Impairment of β-cell function due to hostile environment, such as hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia, or due to autoimmune destruction of β-cells, results in diabetes onset. Both environmental factors and genetic predisposition are known to be involved in the development of the disease, but the exact mechanisms leading to β-cell dysfunction and death remain to be characterized. Non-coding RNA molecules, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), have been suggested to be necessary for proper β-cell development and function. The present review aims at summarizing the most recent findings about the role of non-coding RNAs in the control of β-cell functions and their involvement in diabetes. We will also provide a perspective view of the future research directions in the field of non-coding RNAs. In particular, we will discuss the implications for diabetes research of the discovery of a new communication mechanism based on cell-to-cell miRNA transfer. Moreover, we will highlight the emerging interconnections between miRNAs and epigenetics and the possible role of long non-coding RNAs in the control of β-cell activities.     

非编码RNA在血管钙化中的研究进展

血管钙化(VC)导致慢性肾脏病、高血压和糖尿病患者心血管事件发生率增加。然而目前为止,导致VC的分子机制仍未完全阐明,缺乏有效的治疗方法,因此需要寻找新的治疗靶标。随着分子生物学分析技术的发展,非编码RNA成为一个重要的研究热点。据报道,它能在促VC因素的刺激下,调节成骨基因或者成骨抑制基因表达,或者调节自噬、衰老等过程来调控VC。这篇综述主要总结非编码RNA(微小RNA、长链非编码RNA和环状RNA)在VC中的研究进展。     

Whole-genome expression analysis of Mycobacterium leprae and its clinical application

The whole-genome sequence analysis of Mycobacterium leprae, which was completed in 2001, revealed the characteristics of this microbe's genomic structure. Half of the M. leprae genome consists of a limited number of protein-coding genes and the rest comprises non-coding regions and pseudogenes. We performed membrane array and tiling array analyses to analyze the gene-expression profile of the M. leprae genome and found that pseudogenes and non-coding regions were expressed similarly to coding regions at the RNA level. The RNA expressions were confirmed by real-time PCR analysis. Expression of these RNAs in clinical samples showed varying patterns among patients, thus indicating that the analysis of RNA expression patterns, including non-coding regions and pseudogenes, may be useful for understanding the pathological state, prognosis, and assessment of therapeutic progress in leprosy.     

The complete sequence of a human parainfluenzavirus 4 genome

Although the human parainfluenza virus 4 (HPIV4) has been known for a long time, its genome, alone among the human paramyxoviruses, has not been completely sequenced to date. In this study we obtained the first complete genomic sequence of HPIV4 from a clinical isolate named SKPIV4 obtained at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto (Ontario, Canada). The coding regions for the N, P/V, M, F and HN proteins show very high identities (95% to 97%) with previously available partial sequences for HPIV4B. The sequence for the L protein and the non-coding regions represent new information. A surprising feature of the genome is its length, more than 17 kb, making it the longest genome within the genus Rubulavirus, although the length is well within the known range of 15 kb to 19 kb for the subfamily Paramyxovirinae. The availability of a complete genomic sequence will facilitate investigations on a respiratory virus that is still not completely characterized.